Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence

翻译人员: Lili Liang 校对人员: Lan Xu

I'm a filmmaker.

我是一个电影制片人

For the last 8 years,

在过去的八年中

I have dedicated my life

我全身心

to documenting the work

投入到了

of Israelis and Palestinians

关于以色列人和巴勒斯坦人

who are trying to end the conflict

用和平方式解决冲突的

using peaceful means.

纪录片拍摄中

When I travel with my work

每当我为了工作了出差

across Europe and the United States,

无论在欧洲还是美国

one question always comes up:

我总碰到一个问题

Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?

巴勒斯坦的甘地在哪里

Why aren't Palestinians

为什么巴勒斯坦人

using nonviolent resistance?

不采用非暴力抵抗

The challenge I face when I hear this question

每当我听到这个问题就感到为难

is that often I have just returned from the Middle East

因为这时 我往往才从中东工作回来

where I spent my time

在那里 我的工作是

filming dozens of Palestinians

拍摄几十位巴勒斯坦人

who are using nonviolence

他们通过非暴力的手段

to defend their lands

保卫土地

and water resources

和水资源

from Israeli soldiers and settlers.

免受以色列士兵和定居者的剥夺

These leaders are trying to forge

这些领导人正在努力

a massive national nonviolent movement

组织一场全国范围的大规模非暴力运动

to end the occupation

来结束侵占

and build peace in the region.

在这个地区建和平

Yet, most of you

然而 大多数人

have probably never heard about them.

可能从来没有听说过他们

This divide between what's happening on the ground

真相与外界猜想

and perceptions abroad

之间的隔阂

is one of the key reasons

就是关键原因之一

why we don't have yet

解释为何

a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement

巴勒斯坦和平抵抗运动

that has been successful.

尚未取得成功

So I'm here today

我今天来

to talk about the power of attention,

谈论的是关注的力量

the power of your attention,

你们的关注的力量

and the emergence and development

以及约旦河西岸

of nonviolent movements

加沙地带和其它地方

in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --

非暴力运动的兴起和发展

but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.

而今天 我案例分析的主角是巴勒斯坦

I believe that what's mostly missing

我认为非暴力运动的成长

for nonviolence to grow

最欠缺的

is not for Palestinians

并不是让巴勒斯坦人

to start adopting nonviolence,

开始进行非暴力运动

but for us to start paying attention

而是让我们开始关注

to those who already are.

那些早已开始非暴力运动的人

Allow me to illustrate this point

请容我带领你们进入这个村庄

by taking you to this village

来解释这个道理

called Budrus.

这个村庄叫布德鲁斯

About seven years ago,

大约七年前

they faced extinction,

这里的人们面临着灭顶之灾

because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,

以色列宣布它将筑起一堵围墙

and part of this barrier

而其中一段

would be built on top of the village.

将跨过这个村庄

They would lose 40 percent of their land

村民将失去40%的土地

and be surrounded,

并被包围起来

so they would lose free access

失去从这里进入

to the rest of the West Bank.

约旦河西岸地区的自由

Through inspired local leadership,

在当地领导人的激励下

they launched a peaceful resistance campaign

他们发动了一场和平抵抗运动

to stop that from happening.

以避免发生这样的结果

Let me show you some brief clips,

我给大家播放影片的一些片断

so you have a sense

让你们大致了解

for what that actually looked like on the ground.

实地发生的情况

(Music)

（音乐响起）

Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall

巴勒斯坦女子：他们说那堵围墙

would separate Palestine from Israel.

会将巴勒斯坦和以色列分隔开来

Here in Budrus,

在布德鲁斯

we realized the wall would steal our land.

我们意识到 那堵墙会抢占我们的土地

Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,

以色列男子：这堵围墙事实上

created a solution to terror.

是防止恐怖行动的一项解决方法

Man: Today you're invited

今天 我号召大家

to a peaceful march.

加入一场和平的游行

You are joined

与你们并肩行动的

by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.

是几十位以色列兄弟姊妹

Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army

以色列行动主义者： 最令军队害怕的

more than nonviolent opposition.

就是非暴力抵抗

Woman: We saw the men

女子： 我们看到男人们

trying to push the soldiers,

试图推开那些士兵

but none of them could do that.

但是没有人成功

But I think the girls could do it.

而我认为姑娘们能够做到

Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds

法塔赫组织成员：我们必须清空头脑中

of traditional thinking.

传统的观念

Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,

哈马斯组织成员： 我们是完全和平的

and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.

我们希望让它遍及整个巴勒斯坦

Chanting: One united nation.

口号声：团结一致的民族

Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!

法塔赫 哈马斯 人民阵线

News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.

新闻主播：围墙附近的冲突仍在继续

Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.

记者：以色列边警受命驱逐抗议人群

They were allowed to use any force necessary.

他们被允许采用一切必要的强制手段

(Gunshots)

（枪声）

Man: These are live bullets.

男子：他们正在开火

It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.

这里就像费卢杰（伊拉克城市） 到处是枪声

Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.

以色列行动主义者：我知道我们是去送死

But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.

但是我身边的许多人没有一丝畏惧

Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest

以色列士兵：一场非暴力抗议

is not going to stop the [unclear].

无法阻止我们建立这堵墙

Protester: This is a peaceful march.

抗议者：这是一场和平的示威游行

There is no need to use violence.

我们不需要使用暴力

Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!

口号声：我们必胜 我们必胜

We can do it!

我们必胜

Julia Bacha: When I first heard

朱莉娅·帕夏：当我第一次

about the story of Budrus,

听说布德鲁斯的这段故事

I was surprised

我感到非常惊讶

that the international media had failed to cover

全球媒体居然

the extraordinary set of events

没有报道在2003年

that happened seven years ago,

也就是七年以前所发生的

in 2003.

这一系列了不起的事件

What was even more surprising

而更令人吃惊的是

was the fact that Budrus was successful.

布德鲁斯最终取得了胜利

The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,

经过长达10个月的和平抵抗运动 那里的居民

convinced the Israeli government

说服了以色列政府

to move the route of the barrier off their lands

将围墙从他们的土地迁出

and to the green line,

转而迁到绿线上

which is the internationally recognized boundary

也就是国际公认的

between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.

巴以领土分界线上

The resistance in Budrus

布德鲁斯的抵抗运动的影响

has since spread

从此遍及

to villages across the West Bank

约旦河西岸的所有村庄

and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.

以及耶路撒冷境内的巴勒斯坦人居住区

Yet the media remains mostly silent

然而 媒体对这些事件

on these stories.

几乎只字未提

This silence carries profound consequences

这种漠视

for the likelihood

给巴勒斯坦

that nonviolence can grow,

非暴力运动的成长

or even survive,

甚至生存

in Palestine.

产生了沉重的打击

Violent resistance

暴力抵抗

and nonviolent resistance

和非暴力抵抗

share one very important thing in common;

有一个非常重要的共同点

they are both a form of theater

两者像一个剧院

seeking an audience to their cause.

渴望吸引观众的青睐

If violent actors

如果暴力演员

are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers

总是领衔主演

and attracting international attention

将全球目光

to the Palestinian issue,

聚焦巴勒斯坦问题

it becomes very hard

那么

for nonviolent leaders

非暴力领导人

to make the case to their communities

就很难向他们的民众证明

that civil disobedience

和平的反抗

is a viable option

才是带他们脱离苦海的

in addressing their plight.

可行方案

The power of attention

在座为人父母的

is probably going to come as no surprise

估计对关注的力量

to the parents in the room.

并不陌生

The surest way

如果孩子第一次闹脾气

to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums

就得到父母的注意

is by giving him attention

那么你的孩子以后

the first time he throws a fit.

肯定会闹得更厉害

The tantrum will become

闹脾气就会成为

what childhood psychologists call

儿童心理学家所说的

a functional behavior,

功能性行为

since the child has learned

孩子学会

that he can get parental attention out of it.

用这种方式引起父母的注意

Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior

父母可以通过

simply by giving or withdrawing

关注或不予理睬

attention to their children.

来鼓励或抑制此行为

But that's true for adults too.

而这也适用于成年人

In fact, the behavior

事实上

of entire communities and countries

社区和国家的行为

can be influenced,

是能够受到影响而改变的

depending on where

而这取决于

the international community chooses

国际社会

to focus its attention.

选择关注的方面

I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East

我相信 解决中东地区的冲突

and bringing peace

给这里带来和平

is for us

关键是

to transform nonviolence

我们要通过

into a functional behavior

更多地关注

by giving a lot more attention

当地的非暴力领袖

to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.

来把非暴力行动转变为一种功能性行为

In the course of taking my film to villages

在约旦河西岸

in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,

加沙地带以及东耶路撒冷地区拍摄那里的村庄时

I have seen the impact

我亲眼目睹了

that even one documentary film can have

区区一部纪录片

in influencing the transformation.

对行为转变所带来的影响

In a village called Wallajeh,

在离耶路撒冷很近的

which sits very close to Jerusalem,

一个名叫瓦拉杰的村子

the community was facing

那里的村民面临着

a very similar plight to Budrus.

与布德鲁斯相似的困境

They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands

他们即将被包围起来 失去大片土地

and not have freedom of access,

无法自由进入

either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.

约旦河西岸或耶路撒冷

They had been using nonviolence for about two years

在进行了长达两年的非暴力抵抗之后

but had grown disenchanted

他们最终心灰意冷

since nobody was paying attention.

因为他们没有得到任何人的注意

So we organized a screening.

于是我们在那里组织播放了纪录片

A week later,

一周之后

they held the most well-attended

他们组织了一场在当时

and disciplined

参与人数最多

demonstration to date.

最有纪律的游行示威

The organizers say

组织者们说

that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus

当村民在纪录片中看到

documented in a film,

布德鲁斯的故事

felt that there were indeed people

他们感觉到

following what they were doing,

确实有人与他们志同道合

that people cared.

人们是在乎的

So they kept on going.

于是他们没有放弃

On the Israeli side,

以色列

there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,

有一个新的和平运动 被称为“索里德拉尔特”

which means solidarity in Hebrew.

在希伯来语中意为“团结一致”

The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus

布德鲁斯的故事成为了这个运动的领导者

as one of their primary recruiting tools.

招兵买马的主要手段之一

They report

他们反映说

that Israelis who had never been active before,

那些从未加入任何运动的以色列人

upon seeing the film,

看了纪录片之后

understand the power of nonviolence

了解了非暴力抵抗的力量

and start joining their activities.

并开始加入他们行动

The examples of Wallajeh

瓦拉杰

and the Solidariot movement

和索里德拉尔特运动的例子

show that even a small-budget independent film

告诉我们 即使是小成本的独立电影

can play a role

也能够帮助

in transforming nonviolence

非暴力抵抗

into a functional behavior.

转变为一种功能性行为

Now imagine the power

想象一下

that big media players could have

主流媒体若是开始报道

if they started covering

每周在贝拉因

the weekly nonviolent demonstrations

尼亚林 瓦拉杰等村庄

happening in villages

以及耶路撒冷境内的

like Bil'in, Ni'lin,

香克哈拉和西路万

Wallajeh,

巴勒斯坦居住区里

in Jerusalem neighborhoods

发生的非暴力示威活动

like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --

这将产生多么巨大的力量

the nonviolent leaders

更多的人会关注

would become more visible,

非暴力运动领导者

valued and effective

重视他们

in their work.

让他们的工作更有成效

I believe

我相信

that the most important thing

最重要的是

is to understand

我们要认识到

that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,

如果我们不关注这些运动

they are invisible,

它们就是隐形的

and it's as if they never happened.

仿佛从来没有发生过

But I have seen first hand

但我以亲身经历为证

that if we do,

如果我们关注

they will multiply.

这些运动就会得到发展

If they multiply,

它们一旦发展

their influence will grow

其影响力

in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

就会遍及巴以冲突

And theirs is the kind of influence

这种影响

that can finally

能够最终

unblock the situation.

将冲突化解

These leaders have proven that nonviolence works

这些领导者证明了非暴力运动

in places like Budrus.

在布德鲁斯这样的地方是可行的

Let's give them attention

我们一起来关注他们

so they can prove it works everywhere.

让他们证明这在任何地方都是可行的

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（众人鼓掌）