Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence

Translator: Mirjana Kosic Reviewer: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

I'm a filmmaker.

Ja sam filmska redateljica.

For the last 8 years,

Poslednjih 8 godina

I have dedicated my life

svoj život sam posvetila

to documenting the work

dokumentovanju napora

of Israelis and Palestinians

onih Izraelaca i Palestinaca

who are trying to end the conflict

koji pokušavaju zaustaviti konflikt

using peaceful means.

pomoću miroljubivih sredstava.

When I travel with my work

Kada zbog posla putujem

across Europe and the United States,

kroz Evropu i Sjedinjene Države

one question always comes up:

uvijek se pojavi jedno pitanje:

Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?

Gdje je palestinski Gandhi?

Why aren't Palestinians

Zbog čega palestinci

using nonviolent resistance?

ne koriste nenasilan otpor?

The challenge I face when I hear this question

Izazov sa kojim se suočim kada čujem ovo pitanje

is that often I have just returned from the Middle East

jeste da često bude upravo po mom povratku sa Bliskog istoka

where I spent my time

gdje provodim vrijeme

filming dozens of Palestinians

snimajući na desetine Palestinaca

who are using nonviolence

koji nenasiljem

to defend their lands

pokušavaju odbraniti svoju zemlju

and water resources

i izvore vode

from Israeli soldiers and settlers.

od izraelskih vojnika i naseljenika.

These leaders are trying to forge

Ove vođe pokušavaju uspostaviti

a massive national nonviolent movement

masivan nacionalni nenasilni pokret

to end the occupation

kako bi okončali okupaciju

and build peace in the region.

i izgradili mir u regionu.

Yet, most of you

Ipak, većina vas

have probably never heard about them.

vjerovatno nikada nije čula za njih.

This divide between what's happening on the ground

Ta podjela između onoga što se dešava na terenu

and perceptions abroad

i percepcije izvana

is one of the key reasons

jedan je od ključnih razloga

why we don't have yet

zbog kojih do sada

a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement

nismo imali palestinski mirovni pokret otpora

that has been successful.

koji bi bio uspješan.

So I'm here today

Zbog toga sam ja danas ovdje,

to talk about the power of attention,

da pričam o moći pažnje,

the power of your attention,

moći vaše pažnje,

and the emergence and development

te nastajanju i razvoju

of nonviolent movements

nenasilnih pokreta

in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --

na Zapadnoj obali, u Gazi i drugdje --

but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.

međutim, danas ću se posebno pozabaviti Palestinom.

I believe that what's mostly missing

Smatram da ono što najviše nedostaje

for nonviolence to grow

kako bi pokret nenasilja rastao

is not for Palestinians

nije da palestinci

to start adopting nonviolence,

počnu prihvatati nenasilje,

but for us to start paying attention

već da mi počnemo obraćati pažnju

to those who already are.

na one koji su nenasilje već prihvatili.

Allow me to illustrate this point

Dopustite mi da vam ovo prikažem na ilustrativan način

by taking you to this village

tako što ću vas odvesti u selo

called Budrus.

po imenu Budrus.

About seven years ago,

Otprilike prije nekih sedam godina,

they faced extinction,

stanovništvo ovog sela je bilo suočeno sa istrjebljenjem

because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,

jer je Izrael najavio da će izgraditi liniju odvajanja,

and part of this barrier

a dio te linije

would be built on top of the village.

trebao je biti izgrađen na samom vrhu sela.

They would lose 40 percent of their land

Oni bi time izgubili 40% svoje zemlje

and be surrounded,

i bili bi potpuno okruženi,

so they would lose free access

te bi tako izgubili slobodan pristup

to the rest of the West Bank.

ostatku Zapadne obale.

Through inspired local leadership,

Putem inspirisanog lokalnog vodstva

they launched a peaceful resistance campaign

pokrenuli su mirnu kampanju otpora

to stop that from happening.

kako bi onemogućili da do toga dođe.

Let me show you some brief clips,

Dajte da vam pokažem kratke snimke

so you have a sense

kako biste imali osjećaj

for what that actually looked like on the ground.

kako je to zapravo izgledalo na terenu.

(Music)

(Muzika)

Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall

Palestinka: Rečeno nam je da će zid

would separate Palestine from Israel.

odvojiti Palestinu od Izraela.

Here in Budrus,

Ovdje u Budrusu

we realized the wall would steal our land.

smo shvatili da bi zid ukrao našu zemlju.

Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,

Izraelac: Ograda je, zapravo,

created a solution to terror.

stvorila rješenje za teror.

Man: Today you're invited

Čovjek: Danas ste pozvani

to a peaceful march.

na mirovni marš.

You are joined

Pridružiće vam se

by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.

na desetine vaših braća i sestara izraelaca.

Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army

Izraelski aktivist: Vojsku ništa tako ne plaši

more than nonviolent opposition.

kao nenasilan otpor.

Woman: We saw the men

Žena: Vidjeli smo kako muškarci

trying to push the soldiers,

pokušavaju pogurati vojnike,

but none of them could do that.

no nijedan od njih nije uspio u tome.

But I think the girls could do it.

Ali ja mislim da bi čak i djevojke to mogle uraditi.

Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds

Član Fataha: Moramo osloboditi naše umove

of traditional thinking.

od tradicionalnog razmišljanja.

Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,

Član Hamasa: Mi smo u potpunoj harmoniji

and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.

koju želimo proširiti na cijelu Palestinu.

Chanting: One united nation.

Pjesma: Jedna ujedinjena nacija.

Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!

Fatah, Hamas i Narodni front!

News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.

Novinar-spiker: Sukobi oko ograde se nastavljaju.

Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.

Izvještač: Izraelska granična policija je poslana kako bi razbila masu.

They were allowed to use any force necessary.

Dopušteno im je da primjene svu potrebnu silu.

(Gunshots)

(Pucnji)

Man: These are live bullets.

Muškarac: Ovo su pravi meci.

It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.

Ovo je poput Falluje. Pucanje po svuda.

Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.

Izraelski aktivist: Bio sam siguran da ćemo umrijeti.

But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.

No, oko mene su bili drugi koji nisu čak ni ustuknuli.

Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest

Izraelski vojnik: Nenasilni protesti

is not going to stop the [unclear].

neće zaustaviti [nejasno].

Protester: This is a peaceful march.

Protestant: Ovo je miroljubiv marš.

There is no need to use violence.

Nema potrebe za upotrebom sile.

Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!

Pjesma: Mi to možemo. Mi to možemo.

We can do it!

Mi to možemo!

Julia Bacha: When I first heard

Julia Bacha: Kada sam prvi put čula

about the story of Budrus,

priču o Budrusu

I was surprised

bila sam iznenađena

that the international media had failed to cover

da međunarodni mediji nisu izvještavali

the extraordinary set of events

o takvom nevjerovatnom nizu događaja

that happened seven years ago,

koji su se desili prije sedam godina,

in 2003.

2003. godine.

What was even more surprising

Ono što je bilo još iznenađujuće

was the fact that Budrus was successful.

jeste činjenica da je Budrus bio uspješan.

The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,

Stanovnici su, nakon 10 mjeseci mirnog otpora,

convinced the Israeli government

ubijedili izraelsku vladu

to move the route of the barrier off their lands

da pomjeri pravac barijere sa njihove zemlje

and to the green line,

ka zelenoj liniji,

which is the internationally recognized boundary

koja predstavlja međunarodno priznatu granicu

between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.

između izraelskih i palestinskih teritorija.

The resistance in Budrus

Otpor u Budrusu

has since spread

se od tada prenio

to villages across the West Bank

na sela širom Zapadne obale

and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.

i na palestinske četvrti u Jerusalemu.

Yet the media remains mostly silent

No, mediji su ipak uglavnom ostali nijemi

on these stories.

na ove priče.

This silence carries profound consequences

Ova tišina nosi duboke posljedice

for the likelihood

za vjerovatnoću

that nonviolence can grow,

da bi nenasilje moglo porasti,

or even survive,

ili čak preživjeti

in Palestine.

u Palestini.

Violent resistance

Nasilan otpor

and nonviolent resistance

i nenasilan otpor

share one very important thing in common;

imaju zajedničku jednu jako važnu stvar;

they are both a form of theater

i jedan i drugi su neka vrsta teatra

seeking an audience to their cause.

kojemu je potrebna publika da bi odbranio svoj slučaj.

If violent actors

Ako su akteri koji koriste nasilje

are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers

jedini koji su stalno na naslovnicama novina

and attracting international attention

i koji privlače međunarodnu pažnju

to the Palestinian issue,

na palestinsko pitanje,

it becomes very hard

postaće jako teško

for nonviolent leaders

vođama koji zagovaraju nenasilje

to make the case to their communities

da uvjere svoje zajednice

that civil disobedience

da je građanska neposlušnost

is a viable option

održiva opcija

in addressing their plight.

u rješavanju njihovog teškog položaja.

The power of attention

Moć pažnje

is probably going to come as no surprise

vjerovatno nije nikakvo iznenađenje

to the parents in the room.

onima među vama koji ste roditelji.

The surest way

Najsigurniji način

to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums

da vaše dijete sve glasnije pokazuje bijes

is by giving him attention

jeste ako mu date pažnju

the first time he throws a fit.

prvoga puta kada počne sa tim.

The tantrum will become

Bijes će postati

what childhood psychologists call

ono što psiholozi koji se bave razdobljem djetinjstva nazivaju

a functional behavior,

funkcionalnim ponašanjem,

since the child has learned

jer je dijete naučilo

that he can get parental attention out of it.

da na taj način može pridobiti roditeljsku pažnju.

Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior

Roditelji mogu podstaći ili obeshrabriti takvo ponašanje

simply by giving or withdrawing

jednostavnim davanjem ili uzdržavanjem

attention to their children.

pažnje prema svojoj djeci.

But that's true for adults too.

No, ovo je podjednako tačno i za odrasle.

In fact, the behavior

Zapravo, na ponašanje

of entire communities and countries

cijelih zajednica i zemalja

can be influenced,

može se uticati,

depending on where

u ovisnosti gdje

the international community chooses

međunarodna zajednica odabere

to focus its attention.

da usmjeri svoju pažnju.

I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East

Vjerujem da je u samoj srži okončanja sukoba na Bliskom istoku

and bringing peace

i uspostavljanja mira

is for us

da

to transform nonviolence

transformišemo nenasilje

into a functional behavior

u funkcionalno ponašanje

by giving a lot more attention

davanjem mnogo više pažnje

to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.

nenasilnim vođama koji su danas na terenu.

In the course of taking my film to villages

Tokom snimanja filma u selima

in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,

na Zapadnoj obali, u Gazi i istočnom Jerusalemu,

I have seen the impact

vidjela sam kakav uticaj

that even one documentary film can have

samo jedan dokumentarni film može imati

in influencing the transformation.

na podsticanje transformacije.

In a village called Wallajeh,

U selu po imenu Wallajeh,

which sits very close to Jerusalem,

koje je smješteno nedaleko od Jerusalema,

the community was facing

zajednica je bila suočena

a very similar plight to Budrus.

sa sličnim problemom kao u Budrusu.

They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands

I oni su se našli pred situacijom da budu okruženi, da izgube svoju zemlju,

and not have freedom of access,

i da nemaju pristup

either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.

ni Zapadnoj obali niti Jerusalemu.

They had been using nonviolence for about two years

Otprilike dvije godine su koristili nenasilje

but had grown disenchanted

ali su se postepeno razočarali

since nobody was paying attention.

jer niko nije obraćao pažnju na njih.

So we organized a screening.

Stoga smo organizovali snimanje.

A week later,

Sedam dana kasnije,

they held the most well-attended

održali su najposjećeniji

and disciplined

i najdisciplinovaniji

demonstration to date.

protest do sada.

The organizers say

Organizatori kažu

that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus

da su stanovnici sela, kada su vidjeli priču o Budrusu

documented in a film,

dokumentovanu kroz film,

felt that there were indeed people

osjetili da zaista postoje ljudi

following what they were doing,

koji prate ono što su oni radili,

that people cared.

i da postoje ljudi kojima je stalo.

So they kept on going.

I tako su nastavili.

On the Israeli side,

Na izraelskoj strani

there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,

se pojavio novi mirovni pokret po imenu Solidariot,

which means solidarity in Hebrew.

što znači solidarnost na hebrejskom.

The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus

Vođe ovog pokreta koristili su Budrus

as one of their primary recruiting tools.

kao jedno od osnovnih oruđa za regrutovanje svojih članova.

They report

Oni svjedoče

that Israelis who had never been active before,

da su Izraelci koji nikada prije nisu bili aktivni,

upon seeing the film,

nakon što bi vidjeli film,

understand the power of nonviolence

shvatali moć nenasilja

and start joining their activities.

i da su otpočeli da se pridružuju njihovim aktivnostima.

The examples of Wallajeh

Primjer sela Wallajeh

and the Solidariot movement

i pokreta Solidariot

show that even a small-budget independent film

pokazuju da čak i niskobudžetni nezavisni film

can play a role

može imati ulogu

in transforming nonviolence

u transformisanju nenasilja

into a functional behavior.

u funkcionalno ponašanje.

Now imagine the power

Zamislite uticaj

that big media players could have

koji bi veliki mediji mogli imati

if they started covering

kada bi počeli izvještavati

the weekly nonviolent demonstrations

o sedmičnim nenasilnim protestima

happening in villages

koji se organizuju u selima

like Bil'in, Ni'lin,

poput Bil'in, Ni'lin,

Wallajeh,

Wallajeh,

in Jerusalem neighborhoods

u susjedstvima Jerusalema

like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --

kao što su Sheikh Jarrah i Silwan --

the nonviolent leaders

tako bi vođe nenasilnih akcija

would become more visible,

postale vidljivije,

valued and effective

te više vrijednovane i efikasne

in their work.

u svojim naporima.

I believe

Vjerujem

that the most important thing

da je najbitnije

is to understand

shvatiti

that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,

da ukoliko ne obratimo pažnju na ove napore,

they are invisible,

oni će ostati nevidljivima

and it's as if they never happened.

i biće kao da ovih protesta nikada nije ni bilo.

But I have seen first hand

Međutim, ja sam imala priliku da neposredno vidim

that if we do,

da ukoliko im damo pažnju,

they will multiply.

oni će se umnožiti.

If they multiply,

Ako se umnože,

their influence will grow

njihov uticaj će rasti

in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

na cjelokupan izraelsko-palestinski sukob.

And theirs is the kind of influence

A uticaj kakav bi oni imali

that can finally

konačno bi mogao

unblock the situation.

odblokirati situaciju.

These leaders have proven that nonviolence works

Ove vođe su dokazale da je nenasilje efikasno

in places like Budrus.

u mjestima poput Budrusa.

Let's give them attention

Dajmo im pažnju

so they can prove it works everywhere.

kako bi dokazali da može biti uspješno i drugdje.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)