Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence

53,969 views ・ 2011-09-01

TED


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Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Katarina Smetko
00:15
I'm a filmmaker.
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Ja sam redateljica.
00:17
For the last 8 years,
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Proteklih 8 godina,
00:19
I have dedicated my life
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posvetila sam svoj život
00:21
to documenting the work
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dokumentiranju rada
00:23
of Israelis and Palestinians
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Izraelaca i Palestinaca
00:25
who are trying to end the conflict
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koji pokušavaju prekinuti sukob
00:27
using peaceful means.
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služeći se mirnim sredstvima.
00:29
When I travel with my work
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Kad u sklopu posla putujem
00:31
across Europe and the United States,
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Europom i Sjedinjenim Državama,
00:33
one question always comes up:
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uvijek se postavlja jedno pitanje:
00:38
Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?
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Gdje je palestinski Gandhi?
00:40
Why aren't Palestinians
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Zašto Palestinci
00:42
using nonviolent resistance?
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ne koriste nenasilan otpor?
00:45
The challenge I face when I hear this question
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Izazov s kojim se suočavam kad čujem to pitanje
00:48
is that often I have just returned from the Middle East
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jest taj da sam se često upravo vratila s Bliskog istoka,
00:51
where I spent my time
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gdje sam provela vrijeme
00:53
filming dozens of Palestinians
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snimajući desetke Palestinaca
00:55
who are using nonviolence
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koji koriste nenasilje
00:57
to defend their lands
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kako bi obranili svoju zemlju
00:59
and water resources
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i izvore vode
01:01
from Israeli soldiers and settlers.
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od izraelskih vojnika i doseljenika.
01:04
These leaders are trying to forge
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Ti vođe pokušavaju skovati
01:07
a massive national nonviolent movement
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masivni nacionalni nenasilni pokret
01:10
to end the occupation
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kako bi prekinuli okupaciju
01:12
and build peace in the region.
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i izgradili mir u regiji.
01:14
Yet, most of you
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Pa ipak, većina vas
01:16
have probably never heard about them.
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nikad nije čula za njih.
01:19
This divide between what's happening on the ground
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Ta razlika između onoga što se događa na terenu
01:21
and perceptions abroad
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i mišljenja javnosti u inozemstvu
01:23
is one of the key reasons
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jedan je od ključnih razloga
01:25
why we don't have yet
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zašto još uvijek nemamo
01:27
a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement
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palestinski mirni pokret otpora
01:30
that has been successful.
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koji bi bio uspješan.
01:33
So I'm here today
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Stoga sam danas ovdje
01:35
to talk about the power of attention,
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kako bih govorila o moći pažnje,
01:37
the power of your attention,
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moći vaše pažnje,
01:40
and the emergence and development
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i o pojavi i razvoju
01:42
of nonviolent movements
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nenasilnih pokreta
01:44
in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --
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na Zapadnoj Obali, u Pojasu Gaze i drugdje --
01:47
but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.
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ali danas, moja studija slučaja bit će Palestina.
01:51
I believe that what's mostly missing
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Vjerujem kako ono što uglavnom nedostaje
01:53
for nonviolence to grow
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da bi se nenasilje moglo razviti
01:55
is not for Palestinians
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nije da Palestinci
01:57
to start adopting nonviolence,
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počnu usvajati nenasilje,
02:00
but for us to start paying attention
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već da mi počnemo obraćati pažnju
02:03
to those who already are.
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na one koji to već rade.
02:07
Allow me to illustrate this point
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Dopustite mi da to ilustriram
02:09
by taking you to this village
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posjetom ovome selu
02:11
called Budrus.
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koje se zove Budrus.
02:13
About seven years ago,
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Otprilike prije sedam godina,
02:15
they faced extinction,
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prijetilo im je uništenje
02:17
because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,
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jer je Izrael objavio kako će sagraditi barijeru za odvajanje,
02:19
and part of this barrier
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a dio te barijere
02:21
would be built on top of the village.
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bio bi izgrađen preko sela.
02:23
They would lose 40 percent of their land
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Izgubili bi 40 posto svoje zemlje
02:25
and be surrounded,
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i bili bi opkoljeni,
02:27
so they would lose free access
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te bi tako izgubili slobodan pristup
02:29
to the rest of the West Bank.
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ostatku Zapadne Obale.
02:31
Through inspired local leadership,
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Uz pomoć inventivnih lokalnih vođa,
02:33
they launched a peaceful resistance campaign
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pokrenuli su mirovnu kampanju otpora
02:36
to stop that from happening.
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kako bi to spriječili.
02:38
Let me show you some brief clips,
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Pokazat ću vam nekoliko kratkih isječaka,
02:40
so you have a sense
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tako da dobijete dojam
02:42
for what that actually looked like on the ground.
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kako je to zapravo izgledalo na licu mjesta.
02:45
(Music)
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(Glazba)
02:51
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall
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Palestinska žena: Rečeno nam je kako će zid
02:54
would separate Palestine from Israel.
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odvojiti Palestinu od Izraela.
02:57
Here in Budrus,
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Ovdje u Budrusu,
02:59
we realized the wall would steal our land.
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shvatili smo kako bi zid ukrao našu zemlju.
03:01
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,
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Izraelski muškarac: Ograda je, zapravo,
03:03
created a solution to terror.
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donijela rješenje za teror.
03:06
Man: Today you're invited
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Muškarac: Danas ste pozvani
03:09
to a peaceful march.
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na mirovni prosvjed.
03:15
You are joined
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Pridružuju vam se
03:18
by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.
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deseci vaše izraelske braće i sestara.
03:20
Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army
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Izraelski aktivist: Ništa ne uplaši vojsku
03:23
more than nonviolent opposition.
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više od nenasilnog otpora.
03:28
Woman: We saw the men
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Žena: Vidjeli smo muškarce
03:30
trying to push the soldiers,
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kako su pokušali gurnuti vojnike,
03:32
but none of them could do that.
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ali nijedan od njih to nije mogao.
03:35
But I think the girls could do it.
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Ali mislim kako bi cure to mogle.
03:42
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds
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Član stranke Fatah: Moramo iz svojih umova izbaciti
03:45
of traditional thinking.
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tradicionalno razmišljanje.
03:50
Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,
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Član stranke Hamas: Bili smo u potpuno skladu,
03:53
and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.
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i željeli smo to proširiti na cijelu Palestinu.
03:56
Chanting: One united nation.
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Pjevanje: Jedan ujedinjeni narod.
03:58
Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!
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Fatah, Hamas i Narodna fronta!
04:02
News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.
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Voditelj vijesti: Nastavljaju se sukobi oko ograde.
04:04
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.
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Reporter: Izraelska pogranična policija poslana je da rastjera gomilu.
04:08
They were allowed to use any force necessary.
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Dozvoljena im je upotreba svake potrebne sile.
04:10
(Gunshots)
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(Pucnjevi)
04:12
Man: These are live bullets.
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Muškarac: Ovo su pravi metci.
04:14
It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.
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Ovo je kao u Fallujahu. Posvuda pucnjava.
04:17
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.
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Izraelski aktivist: Bio sam siguran da ćemo umrijeti.
04:20
But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.
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Ali bilo je drugih oko mene koji se nisu ni naježili.
04:28
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest
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Izraelski vojnik: Nenasilan prosvjed
04:30
is not going to stop the [unclear].
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neće zaustaviti [nejasno].
04:33
Protester: This is a peaceful march.
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Prosvjednik: Ovo je mirni prosvjed.
04:35
There is no need to use violence.
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Nema potrebe za korištenjem nasilja.
04:38
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!
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Pjevanje: Mi to možemo. Mi to možemo.
04:42
We can do it!
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Mi to možemo!
04:46
Julia Bacha: When I first heard
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Julia Bacha: Kad sam prvi put čula
04:48
about the story of Budrus,
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priču o Budrusu,
04:50
I was surprised
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bila sam iznenađena
04:52
that the international media had failed to cover
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kako međunarodni mediji nisu uspjeli izvijestiti
04:55
the extraordinary set of events
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o nevjerojatnom nizu događaja
04:57
that happened seven years ago,
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koji su se zbili prije sedam godina,
04:59
in 2003.
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2003. godine.
05:01
What was even more surprising
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Ono što me još više iznenadilo
05:03
was the fact that Budrus was successful.
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bila je činjenica da je Budrus bio uspješan.
05:06
The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,
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Stanovnici, nakon 10 mjeseci mirnog otpora,
05:09
convinced the Israeli government
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uvjerili su izraelsku vladu
05:12
to move the route of the barrier off their lands
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da pomakne rutu barijere s njihovih zemljišta
05:15
and to the green line,
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do zelene linije,
05:17
which is the internationally recognized boundary
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što je međunarodno priznata granica
05:20
between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
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između Izraela i palestinskih teritorija.
05:23
The resistance in Budrus
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Otpor u Budrusu
05:25
has since spread
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otad se proširio
05:27
to villages across the West Bank
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na sela duž Zapadne Obale
05:29
and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
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i na palestinske četvrti u Jeruzalemu.
05:33
Yet the media remains mostly silent
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Ipak, mediji većinom šute
05:36
on these stories.
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o tim pričama.
05:39
This silence carries profound consequences
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Ta šutnja nosi duboke posljedice
05:42
for the likelihood
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za vjerojatnost
05:44
that nonviolence can grow,
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da bi se nenasilje moglo proširiti,
05:46
or even survive,
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ili čak preživjeti,
05:48
in Palestine.
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u Palestini.
05:50
Violent resistance
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Nasilan otpor
05:52
and nonviolent resistance
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i nenasilan otpor
05:54
share one very important thing in common;
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imaju jednu vrlo važnu zajedničku točku:
05:58
they are both a form of theater
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oba su neka vrst kazališta
06:01
seeking an audience to their cause.
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koje traži publiku za svoj cilj.
06:04
If violent actors
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Ako su nasilni glumci
06:06
are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers
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jedini koji su konstantno na naslovnicama
06:09
and attracting international attention
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i privlače pažnju međunarodne zajednice
06:11
to the Palestinian issue,
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na problem Palestine,
06:13
it becomes very hard
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nenasilnim vođama
06:15
for nonviolent leaders
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postaje vrlo teško
06:17
to make the case to their communities
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uvjeriti pripadnike svojih zajednica
06:19
that civil disobedience
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kako je građanski neposluh
06:21
is a viable option
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legitimna opcija
06:23
in addressing their plight.
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u procesu rješavanja njihovih neprilika.
06:25
The power of attention
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Moć pažnje
06:27
is probably going to come as no surprise
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vjerojatno neće biti nikakvo iznenađenje
06:29
to the parents in the room.
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roditeljima u ovoj prostoriji.
06:32
The surest way
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Najsigurniji način
06:34
to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums
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da vaše dijete sve jače i jače vrišti
06:37
is by giving him attention
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jest da mu posvetite pažnju
06:39
the first time he throws a fit.
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kad prvi put počne vrištati.
06:41
The tantrum will become
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Vrištanje će postati
06:43
what childhood psychologists call
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ono što dječji psiholozi zovu
06:45
a functional behavior,
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funkcionalnim ponašanjem,
06:47
since the child has learned
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jer dijete je naučilo
06:49
that he can get parental attention out of it.
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kako pomoću njega može dobiti pažnju roditelja.
06:53
Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior
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Roditelji mogu poticati ili ne poticati neko ponašanje
06:57
simply by giving or withdrawing
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jednostavno dajući ili uskraćujući
06:59
attention to their children.
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pažnju svojoj djeci.
07:02
But that's true for adults too.
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Ali to vrijedi i za odrasle.
07:05
In fact, the behavior
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Zapravo, na ponašanje
07:07
of entire communities and countries
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cijelih zajednica i država
07:09
can be influenced,
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može se utjecati,
07:11
depending on where
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ovisno o tome na što
07:13
the international community chooses
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međunarodna zajednica odluči
07:15
to focus its attention.
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usredotočiti svoju pažnju.
07:18
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East
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Vjerujem kako je u srži prestanka sukoba na Bliskom istoku
07:22
and bringing peace
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i stvaranja mira
07:24
is for us
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to da mi
07:26
to transform nonviolence
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pretvorimo nenasilje
07:28
into a functional behavior
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u funkcionalno ponašanje
07:30
by giving a lot more attention
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tako što ćemo posvetiti mnogo više pažnje
07:32
to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.
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nenasilnim vođama današnjice.
07:36
In the course of taking my film to villages
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Tijekom prikazivanja svojeg filma po selima
07:39
in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,
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na Zapadnoj Obali i u Pojasu Gaze i istočnom Jeruzalemu,
07:42
I have seen the impact
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vidjela sam učinak
07:44
that even one documentary film can have
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koji čak i samo jedan dokumentarni film može imati
07:47
in influencing the transformation.
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u utjecaju na transformaciju.
07:51
In a village called Wallajeh,
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U selu Wallajeh,
07:53
which sits very close to Jerusalem,
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koje se nalazi vrlo blizu Jeruzalema,
07:56
the community was facing
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zajednica je bila suočena
07:58
a very similar plight to Budrus.
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sa sličnim nevoljama kao Budrus.
08:00
They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands
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Bili bi opkoljeni, izgubili bi mnogo svoje zemlje
08:03
and not have freedom of access,
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i ne bi imali slobodan pristup,
08:05
either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.
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ni Zapadnoj Obali ni Jeruzalemu.
08:08
They had been using nonviolence for about two years
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Koristili su nenasilje oko dvije godine,
08:11
but had grown disenchanted
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ali bili su razočarani
08:13
since nobody was paying attention.
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jer nitko nije obraćao pažnju.
08:16
So we organized a screening.
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Stoga smo organizirali prikazivanje filma.
08:19
A week later,
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Tjedan dana kasnije,
08:21
they held the most well-attended
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održali su najposjećenije
08:23
and disciplined
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i najdiscipliniranije
08:25
demonstration to date.
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demonstracije do sada.
08:28
The organizers say
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Organizatori kažu
08:30
that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus
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kako su seljani, kad su vidjeli priču o Budrusu
08:32
documented in a film,
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prikazanu na filmu,
08:34
felt that there were indeed people
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osjetili da zaista postoje ljudi
08:36
following what they were doing,
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koji prate ono što oni rade,
08:38
that people cared.
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da je ljudima stalo.
08:40
So they kept on going.
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Stoga su nastavili.
08:42
On the Israeli side,
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S izraelske strane,
08:44
there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,
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postoji novi mirovni pokret, Solidariot,
08:47
which means solidarity in Hebrew.
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što na hebrejskom znači solidarnost.
08:50
The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus
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Vođe tog pokreta koristili su Budrus
08:53
as one of their primary recruiting tools.
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kao jedno od svojih glavnih sredstava regrutacije.
08:56
They report
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Javljaju
08:58
that Israelis who had never been active before,
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kako Izraelci koji nikad prije nisu bili aktivni,
09:00
upon seeing the film,
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nakon gledanja filma
09:02
understand the power of nonviolence
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shvaćaju moć nenasilja
09:04
and start joining their activities.
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i počinju se pridruživati njihovim aktivnostima.
09:06
The examples of Wallajeh
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Primjer Wallajeha
09:08
and the Solidariot movement
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i pokreta Solidariot
09:10
show that even a small-budget independent film
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pokazuju kako čak i niskobudžetni nezavisni film
09:14
can play a role
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može imati ulogu
09:16
in transforming nonviolence
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u pretvaranju nenasilja
09:18
into a functional behavior.
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u funkcionalno ponašanje.
09:21
Now imagine the power
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Sada zamislite moć
09:23
that big media players could have
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koju bi veliki medijski igrači mogli imati
09:26
if they started covering
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kad bi počeli izvještavati
09:28
the weekly nonviolent demonstrations
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o tjednim nenasilnim demonstracijama
09:30
happening in villages
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koje se događaju u selima
09:32
like Bil'in, Ni'lin,
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poput Bil'ina, Ni'lina,
09:34
Wallajeh,
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Wallajeha,
09:36
in Jerusalem neighborhoods
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u Jeruzalemskim četvrtima
09:38
like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --
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poput Sheikh Jarrahe i Silwana --
09:41
the nonviolent leaders
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nenasilni vođe
09:43
would become more visible,
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postali bi vidljiviji,
09:45
valued and effective
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cjenjeniji i učinkovitiji
09:47
in their work.
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u svom poslu.
09:50
I believe
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Vjerujem
09:52
that the most important thing
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kako je najvažnija stvar
09:54
is to understand
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razumjeti
09:56
that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,
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da ako ne obratimo pažnju na te napore,
09:59
they are invisible,
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oni ostaju nevidljivi,
10:01
and it's as if they never happened.
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i kao da ih nikad nije ni bilo.
10:03
But I have seen first hand
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Ali vidjela sam iz prve ruke
10:05
that if we do,
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da ako obratimo pažnju,
10:07
they will multiply.
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oni će se umnožiti.
10:09
If they multiply,
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Ako se umnože,
10:11
their influence will grow
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njihov utjecaj će rasti
10:13
in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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u cijelom izraelsko-palestinskom sukobu.
10:15
And theirs is the kind of influence
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A njihov je utjecaj takav
10:18
that can finally
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da u konačnici može
10:20
unblock the situation.
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deblokirati situaciju.
10:22
These leaders have proven that nonviolence works
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Ti su vođe dokazali da je nenasilje učinkovito
10:25
in places like Budrus.
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na mjestima poput Budrusa.
10:27
Let's give them attention
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Obratimo pažnju na njih
10:29
so they can prove it works everywhere.
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kako bi mogli dokazati da je učinkovito svugdje.
10:32
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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