Ali Carr-Chellman: Gaming to re-engage boys in learning

85,420 views ・ 2011-01-14

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Angelia King 校对人员: Xu Jiang
我在这儿是想告诉大家
00:16
So I'm here to tell you that we have a problem with boys,
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我们的对男孩的教育有问题,
00:19
and it's a serious problem with boys.
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男孩子的教育是个严重问题。
在学校,男孩文化没有形成。
00:22
Their culture isn't working in schools,
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00:24
and I'm going to share with you ways
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我要和大家分享
00:26
that we can think about overcoming that problem.
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我们关于这一问题的解决方法。
00:29
First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy,
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首先,我首先想说,这是个男孩,
00:32
and this is a girl,
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这是个女孩。
这可能是你刻板的
00:35
and this is probably stereotypically what you think of as a boy and a girl.
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关于男孩和女孩的想法。
00:38
If I essentialize gender for you today, then you can dismiss what I have to say.
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如果我今天要讲性别的事,
然后大家可能不会理睬我要说的。
00:42
So I'm not going to do that, I'm not interested in doing that.
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所以我不打算这样做,我对此也不感兴趣。
这是一个与众不同的男孩,这是一个与众不同的女孩。
00:45
This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.
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00:48
So the point here is that not all boys exist within these rigid boundaries
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我要指明的是并不是所有的男孩
是按我们所想的男孩和女孩那样的严格界限
来划分的。
00:53
of what we think of as boys and girls,
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00:55
and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries
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也不是所有女孩可以用
00:57
of what we think of as girls.
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我们想象中的女孩的界限来严格定义。
00:59
But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way,
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但事实上,多数男孩朝着他们自己的方向发展,
大多数女孩也朝着另一方向发展。
01:03
and most girls tend to be a certain way.
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关键是,对男孩来说,
01:05
And the point is that, for boys,
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01:07
the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace
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对他们的认可和他们的这种男孩文化的认识
01:10
isn't working well in schools now.
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目前在学校都没有过多了解。
我们怎么知道这个事实呢?
01:13
How do we know that?
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01:14
The 100 girls project tells us some really nice statistics.
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100个女孩计划
告诉了我们一些真正有用的数据。
01:19
For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school,
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例如,当有100个女孩从学校停课,
01:22
there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.
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那就有250个男孩从学校停课。
01:25
For every 100 girls who are expelled from school,
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每当有100个女孩被学校开除,
01:27
there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.
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对应的男孩数是335个.
01:31
For every 100 girls in special education,
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每当有100个女孩接受特殊教育,
01:33
there are 217 boys.
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男孩数是217个。
01:35
For every 100 girls with a learning disability,
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每100个女孩有学习障碍,
男孩的对应数是276个。
01:38
there are 276 boys.
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01:40
For every 100 girls with an emotional disturbance diagnosed,
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每100女孩
有情绪紊乱症状,
对应男孩数是324个。
01:45
we have 324 boys.
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01:46
And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher
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顺便提一下,
如果发生在黑人小孩,
01:50
if you happen to be black,
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01:51
if you happen to be poor,
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贫穷的小孩身上,
01:53
if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.
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假如发生在拥挤不堪的学校上学的小孩身上,这所有数据还得更高。
01:57
And if you are a boy,
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如果你是个男孩,
01:59
you're four times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD --
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你比女孩更有四倍的可能性
被诊断出ADHD症状-
02:03
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
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注意力缺乏(或多动)症状。
02:06
Now there is another side to this.
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现在讲到这还要提另一方面。
02:09
And it is important that we recognize that women still need help in school,
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我们还要重视地认识到
在学校女性还需要帮助,
女性的工资还是相对地低,
02:15
that salaries are still significantly lower,
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甚至在工作种类上女性选择面也小,
02:17
even when controlled for job types,
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02:19
and that girls have continued to struggle in math and science for years.
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女孩还一直
在数学和科学领域中挣扎奋斗多年。
02:23
That's all true.
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这都是事实。
02:25
Nothing about that prevents us
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但这不能阻止我们
02:27
from paying attention to the literacy needs
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来关注
02:29
of our boys between ages three and 13.
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年龄从3岁到13岁的男孩的扫盲问题。
我们应该关注这些男孩的问题。
02:32
And so we should.
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02:33
In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook,
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事实上,我们要做的是站在男孩的立场来思考解决问题,
02:36
because the initiatives and programs that have been set in place
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因为在学校已设置的初级教学和
课程计划
02:40
for women in science and engineering and mathematics are fantastic.
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适合女孩在科学,工程学和数学方面
有杰出表现。
02:44
They've done a lot of good for girls in these situations,
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他们在这些情形下为女孩子
作了很多好事。
02:48
and we ought to be thinking about how we can make that happen for boys too
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我们该考虑一下
我们该怎样让男孩在他们年少时也
02:52
in their younger years.
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受到同样的待遇。
02:54
Even in their older years,
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甚至在他们长大的岁月中,
02:56
what we find is that there's still a problem.
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我们发现还是有问题的。
02:58
When we look at the universities,
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当我们环顾大学,
03:00
60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now,
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目前女性占60%的本科学历的人数,
03:03
which is a significant shift.
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这是个巨大的转变。
03:05
And in fact, university administrators are a little uncomfortable about the idea
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实际上,大学的主管们
对此感到有点不安,
03:09
that we may be getting close to 70 percent female population in universities.
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要是在大学,
女性占总人数的70%。
这数据让大学主管们非常紧张,
03:14
This makes university administrators very nervous,
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03:16
because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.
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因为女孩也不想去没有男孩的学校上学。
03:21
And so we're starting to see
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所以我们开始看到
03:23
the establishment of men centers and men studies
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男性中心和男性研究的建立
来思考怎样让男性
03:27
to think about how do we engage men in their experiences in the university.
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在大学中活跃起来。
如果你跟教员谈话,他们会说,
03:31
If you talk to faculty, they may say, "Ugh. Yeah, well,
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“啊,是的,男孩爱打视频游戏,
03:34
they're playing video games,
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03:35
and they're gambling online all night long,
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他们通宵网上赌博,
03:38
and they're playing World of Warcraft,
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还爱玩魔兽世界。
03:40
and that's affecting their academic achievement."
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这些都影响了
他们学术成绩。”
03:45
Guess what?
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猜怎么了?
03:46
Video games are not the cause.
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视频游戏不是主要原因。
03:49
Video games are a symptom.
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视频游戏是一个征兆。
03:51
They were turned off a long time before they got here.
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在男孩打游戏前,他们已经很长时间
对学习都不感兴趣了。
03:56
So let's talk about why they got turned off
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让我们谈谈,当他们在3岁到13岁间,
他们为什么对学习不感兴趣呢?
03:59
when they were between the ages of three and 13.
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我认为有三个原因
04:02
There are three reasons that I believe
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让男孩们与今天的学校教育
04:04
that boys are out of sync with the culture of schools today.
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脱节。
第一个是零容忍。
04:08
The first is zero tolerance.
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04:10
A kindergarten teacher I know, her son donated all of his toys to her,
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我认识的一名幼儿园教师,
她儿子得上缴他所有的玩具,
04:15
and when he did, she had to go through and pull out all the little plastic guns.
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然后,她得一一检查
把所有的小塑料枪都拿走。
04:22
You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes
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在幼儿园教室,
04:24
and all that kind of thing in a kindergarten classroom.
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不能有塑料刀,剑和斧子
以及类似的东西。
04:27
What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun?
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年轻人要是有枪,我们要担心的是什么?
04:31
I mean, really.
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我是说,真的。
04:33
But here he stands as testament
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但这儿男孩得面对的事实是
04:36
to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.
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今天他们不能在操场玩耍打闹。
04:39
Now I'm not advocating for bullies.
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我这不是鼓动要持强凌弱。
04:41
I'm not suggesting that we need to be allowing guns and knives in the school.
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我也不是推荐
在学校容许男孩携带枪和小刀。
04:46
But when we say that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom
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但我想说
高中班级中的老鹰童子军
在停车场停放的车里
04:51
who has a locked parked car in the parking lot and a penknife in it,
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要是有把刀,
04:54
has to be suspended from school,
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就得被勒令休学,
04:56
I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.
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我认为我们可能在零容忍度方面做得有点过火。
04:59
Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out
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另一种在生活中的零容忍度是有关男孩的写作。
05:02
is in the writing of boys.
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今天在很多课堂,
05:03
In a lot of classrooms today,
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05:04
you're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.
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你不能写有关暴力的任何东西。
你不能写
05:07
You're not allowed to write about anything that has to do with video games.
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涉及视频游戏的任何东西,这些话题是被禁止的。
05:11
These topics are banned.
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男孩从学校回来,他说,
05:12
Boy comes home from school, and he says,
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“我讨厌写作。”
05:14
"I hate writing."
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05:15
"Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?"
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“儿子,你为什么讨厌写作?到底怎么了?”
“现在我得写女教师吩咐我写的素材。”
05:18
"Now I have to write what she tells me to write."
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05:20
"OK, what is she telling you to write?"
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“哦,她让你写什么?”
05:23
"Poems. I have to write poems.
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“诗歌。我得写诗歌。
05:25
And little moments in my life.
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一生中我很少写这话题。
05:27
I don't want to write that stuff."
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我不想写诗歌。”
“好吧。那你想写什么?有什么好写的?”
05:30
"Well, what do you want to write?
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05:31
What do you want to write about?"
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“我想写有关视频游戏。我想写如何练级。
05:33
"I want to write about video games. I want to write about leveling-up.
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我想写这真正有意思的游戏世界。
05:36
I want to write about this really interesting world.
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我想写龙卷风来到我家,
05:39
I want to write about a tornado that comes into our house
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把所有的窗户吹跑,,
05:42
and blows all the windows out,
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毁坏所有的家具,然后杀死了所有人。”
05:43
and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody."
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“好的。”
05:45
"All right. OK."
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你要告诉一位老师这个,
05:47
You tell a teacher that, and they'll ask you, in all seriousness,
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她们会非常严肃地会问你,
05:51
"Should we send this child to the psychologist?"
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“我们是不是应该送这小孩到心理学家那?”
05:54
And the answer is no, he's just a boy.
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答案是不应该,他只是个男孩。
05:57
He's just a little boy.
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他只是个小男孩。
06:00
It's not OK to write these kinds of things in classrooms today.
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现在在课堂上
还不能写这些东西。
所以这是第一个原因:
06:05
So that's the first reason:
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06:06
Zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.
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零容忍政策和他们所处的环境不容许男孩文化的发生。
06:08
The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures:
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第二个原因是男孩文化与学校文化相脱节:
有很少的男性教师。
06:12
there are fewer male teachers.
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06:13
Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means,
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任何超过15岁的人对此不了解,
06:16
because in the last 10 years,
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因为在过去10年里,
06:18
the number of elementary school classroom teachers has been cut in half.
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男性在小学教师课堂里的数量
已经被减半。
06:22
We went from 14 percent to seven percent.
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男性比重从14%
降到7%。
06:26
That means that 93 percent of the teachers
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这意味着93%的老师
06:28
that our young men get in elementary classrooms are women.
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在年轻男孩上的小学课堂里
是女老师。
06:32
Now what's the problem with this?
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那么这又有什么问题呢?
06:34
Women are great, yep, absolutely.
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女老师很棒。是的,的确。
但是男性角色模范对于男孩
06:37
But male role models for boys that say it's all right to be smart --
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来说,它可以让男孩变聪明。
男孩有父亲,有牧师,
06:42
they've got dads, they've got pastors, they've got Cub Scout leaders,
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和童子军导师,
06:45
but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week
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但归根结底,每天6小时,每周五天,
06:48
they're spending in a classroom,
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男孩都在课堂上度过。
多数那些课程
06:51
and most of those classrooms are not places where men exist.
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不适合男人。
06:54
And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.
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如此,我猜这课堂也不太适合男孩去上。
这课堂适合女孩上。
06:58
This is a place for girls.
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我却不擅长,
07:00
And I'm not very good at this,
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07:01
so I guess I'd better go play video games
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我觉得我最好
去玩视频游戏或者玩体育,或者类似的什么事,
07:04
or get into sports, or something like that,
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07:06
because I obviously don't belong here.
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因为我很明显与学校文化格格不入。
07:08
Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.
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学校文化也不包括男人,这是很明显的。
07:10
So that may be a very direct way that we see it happen.
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所以这可能是一种很直接的方式
让我们看到正在发生的事实。
但不那么直接地,
07:15
But less directly, the lack of male presence in the culture --
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是在学校文化中缺少男性--
07:19
you've got a teachers' lounge, and they're having a conversation
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你要是待在教师休息室,
老师们正谈论
07:22
about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.
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在操场打起架来的乔伊和约翰。
“我们要拿这些男孩怎么办?”
07:27
"What are we going to do with these boys?"
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问题的答案取决于谁当时在场。
07:29
The answer to that question changes
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07:30
depending on who's sitting around that table.
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有任何男性在场吗?
07:32
Are there men around that table?
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这些孩子的母亲在场吗?
07:34
Are there moms who've raised boys around that table?
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大家可以看出,这谈论会
07:37
You'll see, the conversation changes
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07:38
depending upon who's sitting around the table.
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随谁当时在场而改变。
07:40
Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today:
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第三个原因是男孩与我们今日的学校相脱节:
07:43
Kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.
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幼儿园是一种过时的脱节教育。
07:46
We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.
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我们教学课程中有严重的压缩问题。
07:50
When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly,
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当孩子三岁时,他们最好能清楚地写下他们的名字,
要不我们会认为这是发育迟缓。
07:53
or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.
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到孩子小学一年级时,
07:56
By the time you're in first grade,
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他们应该能读
07:58
you should be able to read paragraphs of text
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带图的,或者不带图的课文里的段落,
08:01
with maybe a picture, maybe not, in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.
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这本书大概有25-30页。
08:04
If you don't,
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如果孩子做不到,老师很可能把这孩子
08:05
we're probably going to be putting you into a Title I special reading program.
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送到编号一的特殊阅读计划班。
如果问问这班的老师们,她们会告诉你:
08:09
And if you ask Title I teachers, they'll tell you
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在这个低年级的特殊阅读计划班里,
08:11
they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program,
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每当有1个女孩就对等的有4到5个男孩。
08:15
in the elementary grades.
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这问题是
08:16
The reason that this is a problem
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08:18
is because the message that boys are getting
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因为男孩得到的教育
08:21
is, "You need to do what the teacher asks you to do all the time."
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是“在上学间,你就需要做
老师吩咐你做的事。”
08:26
The teacher's salary depends on "No Child Left Behind"
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老师的工资取决于
让学生考试名列前茅,不让一个孩子掉队,
08:30
and "Race to the Top" and accountability and testing
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并负有责任和大大小小测试
08:33
and all of this.
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以及类似这样的事。
08:35
So she has to figure out a way to get all these boys
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所以她得想方设法地
让这些男孩和女孩
08:39
through this curriculum -- and girls.
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通过这课程。
这压缩课程对所有活跃调皮的孩子来说是
08:43
This compressed curriculum is bad for all active kids.
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糟糕的。
08:47
And what happens is,
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接下来发生的是,
08:49
she says, "Please, sit down, be quiet, do what you're told,
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她说,“请坐下来,
安静点,听我说的做,遵守规矩,
08:54
follow the rules, manage your time, focus, be a girl."
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抓紧时间,注意一下,
要乖点像个女孩。”
这就是女老师让男孩做的事。
09:00
That's what she tells them.
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间接地,她指示了男孩该做什么。
09:02
Indirectly, that's what she tells them.
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09:04
And so this is a very serious problem.
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所以这是个很严重的问题。这是从哪开始的呢?
09:06
Where is it coming from? It's coming from us.
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它是源于我们自己。
09:08
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
09:11
We want our babies to read when they are six months old.
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我们想让我们的宝贝在他们六个月大时就能读。
09:14
Have you seen the ads?
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你看过广告吗?
09:16
We want to live in Lake Wobegon where every child is above average ...
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我们想住在沃比冈湖,
那里每一个孩子的智商都高于平均水平。
09:21
but what this does to our children is really not healthy.
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但是这对我们的孩子来说是非常不健康的。
这是种不良发育,
09:25
It's not developmentally appropriate,
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09:26
and it's particularly bad for boys.
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特别对男孩来说有不好的影响。
我们能做什么呢?
09:29
So what do we do?
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我们要迎合男孩们的需求。
09:31
We need to meet them where they are.
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09:32
We need to put ourselves into boy culture.
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我们要置身于男孩文化中。
09:35
We need to change the mindset of acceptance in boys
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我们要改变
小学对男孩子一成不变地思维模式。
09:40
in elementary schools.
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09:42
More specifically, we can do some very specific things.
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更具体地,我们可以做些非常具体的事。
09:45
We can design better games.
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我们可以设计更好玩的游戏。
09:47
Most of the educational games that are out there today
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今天的多数教育游戏是过时的,
它们只是卡片游戏。
09:50
are really flashcards.
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09:51
They're glorified drill and practice.
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它们都是很耗人的和需要人们的耐心来玩。
09:53
They don't have the depth, the rich narrative
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它们没有真正打电子游戏时的那种耐玩性,
09:56
that really engaging video games have,
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丰富的游戏互动性,
这些才会让男孩们真正感兴趣。
09:59
that the boys are really interested in.
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所以我们要设计更好玩的游戏。
10:01
So we need to design better games.
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10:02
We need to talk to teachers and parents and school board members and politicians.
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我们要和老师,家长,
学校董事会成员和政治家对话。
10:06
We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.
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我们必须确保让人们看到,我们要在课堂上有更多的男性老师。
我们要格外关注我们的零容忍政策。
10:10
We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.
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它们是否合理?
10:13
Do they make sense?
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我们要思考
10:14
We need to think about how to uncompress this curriculum if we can,
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我们该怎样解压这课程,
10:18
trying to bring boys back into a space that is comfortable for them.
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我们尽量努力让男孩回到
适合他们待的地方学校来。
10:22
All of those conversations need to be happening.
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这所有的对话都要发生。
10:24
There are some great examples out there of schools --
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这里也有一些很好的
学校--
10:27
the New York Times just talked about a school recently.
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最近纽约时报就谈到一个学校。
10:30
A game designer from the New School
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新学校的游戏设计者
10:33
put together a wonderful video gaming school.
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组合了一所非常棒的视频游戏学校。
10:36
But it only treats a few kids, and so this isn't very scalable.
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但它只针对个别的孩子。
这种学校非常稀缺。
10:41
We have to change the culture and the feelings
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所以我们得改变学校里的男孩文化和改变
10:43
that politicians and school board members and parents have
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政治家,学校董事会成员和父母对待男孩文化的想法,
它是有关今天在我们学校,我们已接受的这种男孩文化方式和我们要去接受的
10:48
about the way we accept and what we accept in our schools today.
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男孩文化。
10:51
We need to find more money for game design.
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我们要给游戏设计投资更多的钱。
10:53
Because good games, really good games, cost money,
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因为好游戏,非常好的游戏是要花钱的,
魔兽世界有相当多的预算。
10:56
and World of Warcraft has quite a budget.
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大多数教育游戏没有那么多预算。
10:58
Most of the educational games do not.
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我们从哪里开始呢:
11:00
Where we started:
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11:01
my colleagues Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw, myself,
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我同事--迈克·派特呢Mike Petner,肖恩·瓦绍Shawn Vashaw和我,
11:04
we started by trying to look at the teachers' attitudes
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我们开始了解老师对此的态度
11:06
and find out how do they really feel about gaming,
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并找出她们真正对游戏的想法,
对此她们想说什么。
11:09
what do they say about it.
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11:10
And we discovered that they talk about the kids in their school,
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我们发现
她们在学校谈到男孩
打游戏,
11:15
who talk about gaming, in pretty demeaning ways.
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他们是用一种非常贬损的口吻。
11:18
They say, "Oh, yeah. They're always talking about that stuff.
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她们说,“哦,是的。他们常常谈论视频游戏。
他们谈论着他们的小英雄人物
11:22
They're talking about their little action figures
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和他们的网上小成绩或者获得的徽章,
11:24
and their little achievements or merit badges,
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11:26
or whatever it is that they get.
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或者任何他们赢得的奖励。
11:28
And they're always talking about this stuff."
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他们常常谈论这些东西。”
11:30
And they say these things as if it's OK.
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她们说这些话好像是没关系似的。
11:32
But if it were your culture, think of how that might feel.
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但如果这是你的文化呢,
想想你会感觉如何?
11:36
It's very uncomfortable to be on the receiving end
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老师的那种语言对于男孩这些接收者们来说,
11:38
of that kind of language.
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听上去是非常不舒服的。
老师们对任何
11:41
They're nervous about anything that has anything to do with violence
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涉及暴力的东西都感到焦虑,
11:44
because of the zero tolerance policies.
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这是因为零容忍的政策。
11:46
They are sure that parents and administrators
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男孩知道他们的父母和校官绝不会接受这一切。
11:48
will never accept anything.
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11:49
So we really need to think about looking at teacher attitudes
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所以我们的确要思考审视老师的态度
11:52
and finding ways to change the attitudes,
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找到改变这态度的方法
11:55
so that teachers are much more open and accepting of boy cultures
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好让老师更加宽容,以开放的态度
来接受在课堂上的这种男孩文化。
11:59
in their classrooms.
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12:00
Because, ultimately, if we don't,
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因为,最终,我们要是不改变,
12:02
then we're going to have boys who leave elementary school saying,
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就会有离开小学的男孩子说,
“好吧,我猜学校只是适合女生待;
12:06
"Well I guess that was just a place for girls, it wasn't for me.
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并不适合我。
12:09
So I've got to do gaming, or I've got to do sports."
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所以我要去打游戏,或者玩体育。”
12:12
If we change these things, if we pay attention to these things,
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如果我们改变这些事,如果我们关注这些事,
12:15
and we reengage boys in their learning,
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我们重新唤起男孩学习的热情,
12:17
they will leave the elementary schools saying, "I'm smart."
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他们在离开小学时,说,“我变聪明了。”
谢谢。
12:21
Thank you.
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12:22
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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