Ali Carr-Chellman: Gaming to re-engage boys in learning

譯者: Joanne Ko 審譯者: Tracie Chen

我來這裡的目的是要告訴你

So I'm here to tell you that we have a problem with boys,

我們有一個男孩子的問題

and it's a serious problem with boys.

而且是一個非常嚴重的問題

他們的文化跟學校的文化無法融合。

Their culture isn't working in schools,

and I'm going to share with you ways

我要跟你們分享

that we can think about overcoming that problem.

克服這個問題的方法。

First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy,

第一，我要說明的是，這是一名男孩，

and this is a girl,

這是一名女孩。

這是典型的

and this is probably stereotypically what you think of as a boy and a girl.

男孩和女孩的定義

If I essentialize gender for you today, then you can dismiss what I have to say.

假如我今天跟你討論性別的不同的話

那你可以對我要說的話不予理會。

So I'm not going to do that, I'm not interested in doing that.

因此我不會那麼做，我沒有興趣去那麼做。

這是另一種男孩和另一種女孩

This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.

So the point here is that not all boys exist within these rigid boundaries

我要指出的是不是所有的男孩

都是在這種嚴格

的男女標準底下存在的

of what we think of as boys and girls,

and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries

同樣的，不是所有的女孩都是在這種嚴格的

of what we think of as girls.

女性標準底下存在的。

But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way,

但是，大部分的男生是有某一些共同點，

而女生也會有另一些共同點

and most girls tend to be a certain way.

我要指出的是，對男生而言

And the point is that, for boys,

the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace

他們的生存方式和文化

isn't working well in schools now.

不適用於現在的學校制度裡。

我們怎麼曉得這一點呢？

How do we know that?

The 100 girls project tells us some really nice statistics.

一百名女孩的方案

給我們一些很好的統計數據。

For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school,

讓我舉例說明：每一百名被停學的女孩

there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.

有相對的兩百五十名男孩被停學。

For every 100 girls who are expelled from school,

每一百名被開除的女生，

there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.

會有相對的三百三十五名男生被開除。

For every 100 girls in special education,

每一百名接受特殊教育的女生，

there are 217 boys.

有相對的兩百十七名男生。

For every 100 girls with a learning disability,

每一百名有學習障礙的女生

就會有相對的兩百七十六名男生。

there are 276 boys.

For every 100 girls with an emotional disturbance diagnosed,

每一百名

被判斷為有心理問題的女生，

我們有相對的三百二十四名男生。

we have 324 boys.

And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher

還有，這些數據在以下的情況底下更會明顯地上漲：

假如你是黑人，

if you happen to be black,

if you happen to be poor,

或是家境貧困，

if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.

或是在一所過於擁擠的學校上學。

And if you are a boy,

假如你是男生，

you're four times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD --

你有四倍以上的幾率

被判斷為有ADHD--

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

注意力不足過動症

Now there is another side to this.

凡事總得看兩面

And it is important that we recognize that women still need help in school,

我們必須接受的事實是

女生在學校裡還需要幫助，

她們的薪水還是相對地偏低，

that salaries are still significantly lower,

即使經過工作類別的調整以後，

even when controlled for job types,

and that girls have continued to struggle in math and science for years.

女生還在

數學和科學的科目持續地掙扎。

That's all true.

這些都是事實。

Nothing about that prevents us

沒有事情妨礙我們

from paying attention to the literacy needs

關注

of our boys between ages three and 13.

三到十三歲的男孩的讀寫能力

因此我們應該這麼做的。

And so we should.

In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook,

我們更該向她們學習

because the initiatives and programs that have been set in place

因為這些倡議和方案

被建設

for women in science and engineering and mathematics are fantastic.

是為了針對女生在科學，工程學和數學的問題

而且都是一流的。

They've done a lot of good for girls in these situations,

它們為了在這種情況的女生

帶來很多好處。

and we ought to be thinking about how we can make that happen for boys too

我們該想的是

我們能夠為男生作同樣的事情嗎？

in their younger years.

在年幼的時候製造這樣的機會嗎？

Even in their older years,

即使在他們長大以後

what we find is that there's still a problem.

我們還發現同樣的問題。

When we look at the universities,

讓我們來看看大學

60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now,

百分之六十的學士學位中為女性，

which is a significant shift.

這是一項明顯的改變。

And in fact, university administrators are a little uncomfortable about the idea

大學的負責人

擔心

that we may be getting close to 70 percent female population in universities.

我們開始接近百分之七十的

女生入學率。

這讓大學的負責人非常的緊張，

This makes university administrators very nervous,

because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.

因為女生一般不希望到沒有男生的學校。

And so we're starting to see

我們也開始觀察到

the establishment of men centers and men studies

有男性中心和男性研究的科目的成立

讓我們研究我們該怎樣吸引男生

to think about how do we engage men in their experiences in the university.

而把他們融入大學的生活。

假如你跟學院學人提及，他們也許會有這樣的反應，

If you talk to faculty, they may say, "Ugh. Yeah, well,

「唉，他們只顧著玩電子遊戲，

they're playing video games,

and they're gambling online all night long,

徹夜賭博，

and they're playing World of Warcraft,

玩魔獸世界

and that's affecting their academic achievement."

就是這些影響著他們的

學業表現。」

Guess what?

其實呢

Video games are not the cause.

電子遊戲不是起因。

Video games are a symptom.

電子遊戲是一項症狀。

They were turned off a long time before they got here.

他們失去興趣是很早以前

已經發生的事情。

So let's talk about why they got turned off

我們來討論一下他們為什麼會

在三到十三歲的階段開始喪失興趣。

when they were between the ages of three and 13.

我認為有三大主因

There are three reasons that I believe

讓男孩跟

that boys are out of sync with the culture of schools today.

現在的學校文化脫節。

第一是缺乏寬容的態度。

The first is zero tolerance.

A kindergarten teacher I know, her son donated all of his toys to her,

我認識的一名幼稚園的老師，

她的兒子把他所有的玩具都捐贈給她，

and when he did, she had to go through and pull out all the little plastic guns.

他做完此舉，她還要檢查每一件玩具

把塑膠槍拔走。

You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes

塑膠刀、槍和斧

and all that kind of thing in a kindergarten classroom.

等東西

是不允許帶到幼兒園裡的。

What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun?

我們到底為什麼會擔心這小孩拿著這支槍，他能幹嘛呢？

I mean, really.

真的。

But here he stands as testament

但這清楚的表示

to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.

今天你不能在遊樂園裡有任何比較粗暴的行為。

Now I'm not advocating for bullies.

我必需澄清，我不是倡議校園惡霸，

I'm not suggesting that we need to be allowing guns and knives in the school.

我更不是提議

我們需應批准人家把槍跟刀帶到校園裡。

But when we say that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom

但當我們聽到

有一名鷹級童子軍在高中學校裡

因為停泊在停車場的，以鎖上的車子裡

who has a locked parked car in the parking lot and a penknife in it,

有一支小刀

has to be suspended from school,

而因此被停學

I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.

我覺得我們的零寬容過火了。

Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out

零寬容所造成的問題也在男孩子的作文裡出現。

is in the writing of boys.

在很多的課堂裡

In a lot of classrooms today,

you're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.

你不能提及任何有暴力成分的東西。

也不能接觸任何關於

You're not allowed to write about anything that has to do with video games.

電子遊戲的東西， 這些題目都是被禁的。

These topics are banned.

孩子下課回家說，

Boy comes home from school, and he says,

「我討厭作文。」

"I hate writing."

"Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?"

「孩子，你為什麼討厭作文呢？作文有什麼問題嗎？」

「我要寫她希望我寫的東西。」

"Now I have to write what she tells me to write."

"OK, what is she telling you to write?"

「好，那她要你寫什麼呢？」

"Poems. I have to write poems.

「詩詞，我要寫詩。

And little moments in my life.

和我生命中的點點滴滴。

I don't want to write that stuff."

我對那些事情沒興趣。」

「好，那你要寫些什麼呢？你對什麼有興趣?」

"Well, what do you want to write?

What do you want to write about?"

「我要寫關於電子遊戲的，我要寫升級的方法。」

"I want to write about video games. I want to write about leveling-up.

我要寫跟這世界有關的趣事。

I want to write about this really interesting world.

我要寫到有一場大颶風打到我們家

I want to write about a tornado that comes into our house

把所有的窗戶吹破了

and blows all the windows out,

摧毀了家裡所有的家具,然後所有的人都死了。」

and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody."

「嗯。好的。」

"All right. OK."

你跟任何一名老師這樣說

You tell a teacher that, and they'll ask you, in all seriousness,

他們會認真的問你，

"Should we send this child to the psychologist?"

「我們需要把這孩子送到心理醫生那裡嗎？」

And the answer is no, he's just a boy.

答案是不用，他只是一個男孩。

He's just a little boy.

他不過是一名小男孩。

It's not OK to write these kinds of things in classrooms today.

今天，課堂裡是不允許

寫樣的東西的。

那是第一個原因

So that's the first reason:

Zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.

零寬容的政策和它們實踐的方式。

The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures:

下一個導致男生文化跟學校脫節的原因是：

學校缺乏男性老師。

there are fewer male teachers.

Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means,

任何超過十五歲的人都不會明白我的意思，

because in the last 10 years,

因為在過去的十年裡

the number of elementary school classroom teachers has been cut in half.

小學老師的數目

被砍了一半。

We went from 14 percent to seven percent.

我們從百分之十四

降到百分之七。

That means that 93 percent of the teachers

也就是說明百分之九十三的

that our young men get in elementary classrooms are women.

教授男孩子的小學老師

是女性。

Now what's the problem with this?

這構成什麼樣的問題呢？

Women are great, yep, absolutely.

女性很偉大。對，絕對認同。

但男性的典範

But male role models for boys that say it's all right to be smart --

讓他們接受聰明是好的

他們有父親，有牧者

they've got dads, they've got pastors, they've got Cub Scout leaders,

有童子軍的首領

but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week

但最終，每天六個小時，每星期五次

they're spending in a classroom,

他們都是在課堂裡度過的。

大部分的課堂

and most of those classrooms are not places where men exist.

是沒有男性的地方。

And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.

他們也就會想，這應該不是男生的地方。

這是女生的地方。

This is a place for girls.

我這方面不是很強，

And I'm not very good at this,

so I guess I'd better go play video games

也許我該

去玩電玩，運動，或其他類似的活動，

or get into sports, or something like that,

because I obviously don't belong here.

因為我明顯的不屬於這裡。

Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.

很明顯的，男生不該在這裡。

So that may be a very direct way that we see it happen.

那是一個能讓我們直接

看到的情況。

比較間接的，

But less directly, the lack of male presence in the culture --

就是缺乏了男性的影響力－

you've got a teachers' lounge, and they're having a conversation

你在教師休息室裡，

老師們在交頭接耳地討論

about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.

Joey跟Johnny打架的經過。

「這些男孩這樣我們該怎麼辦?」

"What are we going to do with these boys?"

這個問題的答案會隨著參與討論的成員而改變。

The answer to that question changes

depending on who's sitting around that table.

參與討論的成員中有男性嗎？

Are there men around that table?

有撫養這些孩子成人的媽媽嗎？

Are there moms who've raised boys around that table?

你會發現話題會隨著

You'll see, the conversation changes

depending upon who's sitting around the table.

參與討論的成員而改變。

Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today:

男孩子跟學校脫節的第三個原因是：

Kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.

幼稚園已經變成二年級了。

We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.

課程壓縮的是一個很嚴重的情況。

When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly,

到你三歲的時候，你應該能夠好好的書寫你的名字，

要不然我們回把它當成發育障礙。

or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.

你到一年級的時候，

By the time you're in first grade,

你應該能夠順利閱讀整段文字，

you should be able to read paragraphs of text

不管有沒有圖畫的，

with maybe a picture, maybe not, in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.

二十到三十頁厚的書。

If you don't,

如果你不成功的話，我們會把你調到

we're probably going to be putting you into a Title I special reading program.

Title 1的特別閱讀課程。

假如你問Title 1的老師，他們會跟你說，

And if you ask Title I teachers, they'll tell you

他們班裡的男女比例是四到五名男孩對一名女孩，

they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program,

這是小學的情況。

in the elementary grades.

這是一個問題

The reason that this is a problem

is because the message that boys are getting

因為男孩所接受到的訊息是，

is, "You need to do what the teacher asks you to do all the time."

「你每次都需要

按照老師的意思去做。」

The teacher's salary depends on "No Child Left Behind"

那老師的薪水是按照

『沒有孩子被留下』 和『競爭往上』

and "Race to the Top" and accountability and testing

的責任和測試制度

and all of this.

和這裡的一切。

So she has to figure out a way to get all these boys

所以她必須

想辦法讓這些男孩成功的通過這個課程 －

through this curriculum -- and girls.

女孩也是。

這樣的壓縮課程是對

This compressed curriculum is bad for all active kids.

所有活躍的孩子很不利的。

And what happens is,

接著發生的是，

she says, "Please, sit down, be quiet, do what you're told,

她會說，「請坐下來，

安安靜靜的，聽話的，按規矩

follow the rules, manage your time, focus, be a girl."

安排好你的時間，集中精神，

做一名女生。」

那是她跟他們說的話.

That's what she tells them.

那是她話裡背後的含義。

Indirectly, that's what she tells them.

And so this is a very serious problem.

這是一個很嚴重的問題。這問題是從那裡來的？

Where is it coming from? It's coming from us.

是從我們而來的。

(Laughter)

【笑聲】

We want our babies to read when they are six months old.

我們希望我們的嬰兒在六個月大的時候開始閱讀。

Have you seen the ads?

你看過廣告嗎？

We want to live in Lake Wobegon where every child is above average ...

我們希望住在沒問題湖

那裡每個孩子都是中等以上的。

but what this does to our children is really not healthy.

但這對於孩子來說是不健康的

尤其是在成長發展的角度來說是不適合的，

It's not developmentally appropriate,

and it's particularly bad for boys.

尤其對男孩構成特別大的傷害，

我們應該怎麼做？

So what do we do?

我們需要到他們的地方去迎接他們。

We need to meet them where they are.

We need to put ourselves into boy culture.

我們必須把自己放到男孩的世界裡。

We need to change the mindset of acceptance in boys

我們需要改變的是小學裡

接受男孩子的思想模式。

in elementary schools.

More specifically, we can do some very specific things.

我們需要做一些很具體的事情。

We can design better games.

我們要設計更好的遊戲。

Most of the educational games that are out there today

現在市面上的教育遊戲大多都是

燒錄卡

are really flashcards.

They're glorified drill and practice.

那其實不過是操練和練習。

They don't have the depth, the rich narrative

它們缺乏深度，缺乏故事性，

that really engaging video games have,

跟吸引男生的遊戲

不同。

that the boys are really interested in.

所以我們必須設計更好的遊戲。

So we need to design better games.

We need to talk to teachers and parents and school board members and politicians.

我們要跟老師和家長好好的溝通

也跟校董會成員和政治家溝通。

We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.

我們必須讓他們明白我們的學校裡需要更多的男性。

我們必須仔細的檢閱我們的零容忍制度。

We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.

他們合理嗎？

Do they make sense?

我們要想想

We need to think about how to uncompress this curriculum if we can,

該怎樣把學校課程減壓

trying to bring boys back into a space that is comfortable for them.

把男孩子帶回一個

適合他們的空間。

All of those conversations need to be happening.

這些討論都必需進行。

There are some great examples out there of schools --

外界有很多好的

學校的例子 －

the New York Times just talked about a school recently.

紐約時報最近報導

A game designer from the New School

一所新學校的遊戲設計員

put together a wonderful video gaming school.

設計了一所美妙的電子遊戲學校。

But it only treats a few kids, and so this isn't very scalable.

但這所學校只能接納幾名小孩，

不是一個能延展的計畫。

We have to change the culture and the feelings

我們需要改變的文化和情緒

that politicians and school board members and parents have

就是政治家，校董會和家長

對於在學校裡

about the way we accept and what we accept in our schools today.

能接受的事物的方法和條件。

We need to find more money for game design.

我們需要投入更多的資源到遊戲設計。

Because good games, really good games, cost money,

因為好的遊戲，真正好的遊戲，是需要錢的，

魔獸世界就有很大的預算。

and World of Warcraft has quite a budget.

大部分的教育遊戲卻是沒有的。

Most of the educational games do not.

我們的起點：

Where we started:

my colleagues Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw, myself,

我的同事－Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw和我

we started by trying to look at the teachers' attitudes

我們開始時是要研究老師的態度

and find out how do they really feel about gaming,

明白他們對電子遊戲的感覺

和意見。

what do they say about it.

And we discovered that they talk about the kids in their school,

我們發現

當他們提及學校裡

討論打電動的孩子時，

who talk about gaming, in pretty demeaning ways.

都是用有貶意的態度來對待。

They say, "Oh, yeah. They're always talking about that stuff.

他們會說，「對。他們總是不停地在討論那些事情.

他們在討論他們的小卡通人物

They're talking about their little action figures

他們的小戰果或徽章，

and their little achievements or merit badges,

or whatever it is that they get.

或他們能拿到手的東西，

And they're always talking about this stuff."

他們總是不停的討論著這些事情。」

And they say these things as if it's OK.

他們這樣說好像這樣說是沒事的。

But if it were your culture, think of how that might feel.

但假如那是你的文化

試想像那感受會是怎樣。

It's very uncomfortable to be on the receiving end

接受這樣的批評

of that kind of language.

是讓人很不好受的。

任何跟暴力可以扯上關係的事情

They're nervous about anything that has anything to do with violence

都會讓他們感到非常的緊張

because of the zero tolerance policies.

這全都是因為零容忍的政策。

They are sure that parents and administrators

它們非常肯定家長和學校負責人都不會接受任何事情。

will never accept anything.

So we really need to think about looking at teacher attitudes

因此我們應該鄭重的探討老師們的態度

and finding ways to change the attitudes,

找方法去改變他們的態度

so that teachers are much more open and accepting of boy cultures

讓老師們能更開放的

更勇於接受男孩的文化在他們的課堂裡出現。

in their classrooms.

Because, ultimately, if we don't,

我們如果沒有行動的話，

then we're going to have boys who leave elementary school saying,

就會導致一群離開小學的男孩說，

「那是一個只適合女生的地方

"Well I guess that was just a place for girls, it wasn't for me.

並不適合我。

So I've got to do gaming, or I've got to do sports."

看來我要不是玩電玩，就是玩運動。」

If we change these things, if we pay attention to these things,

假如我們改變著一切，把精神投放在這些事情，

and we reengage boys in their learning,

重新吸引男生去學習

they will leave the elementary schools saying, "I'm smart."

他們就能在小學畢業時說，「我是聰明的。」

謝謝

Thank you.

(Applause)

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