Ali Carr-Chellman: Gaming to re-engage boys in learning

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Dakle, ovdje sam kako bih vam rekla

So I'm here to tell you that we have a problem with boys,

da imamo problem s dječacima

and it's a serious problem with boys.

i to je ozbiljan problem s dječacima.

Njihova kultura ne funkcionira u školama.

Their culture isn't working in schools,

and I'm going to share with you ways

I podijelit ću s vama

that we can think about overcoming that problem.

načine na koje možemo prevladati taj problem.

First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy,

Prvo, želim reći kako je ovo dječak,

and this is a girl,

a ovo je djevojčica.

I ovo je vjerojatno stereotip

and this is probably stereotypically what you think of as a boy and a girl.

koji imate o izgledu dječaka i djevojčice.

If I essentialize gender for you today, then you can dismiss what I have to say.

Ako danas stavim naglasak na spol,

onda možete zanemariti to što imam za reći.

So I'm not going to do that, I'm not interested in doing that.

To neću učiniti, to me ne zanima.

Ovo je drugačija vrsta dječaka i drugačija vrsta djevojčice.

This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.

So the point here is that not all boys exist within these rigid boundaries

Dakle, poanta ovdje je da svi dječaci

ne žive unutar ovih krutih ograničenja

onoga što mi smatramo karakterističnim da su dječaci i djevojčice.

of what we think of as boys and girls,

and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries

I sve djevojčice ne postoje unutar onih krutih granica

of what we think of as girls.

onoga što mi smatramo karakterističnim za djevojčice.

But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way,

Ali, zapravo, većina dječaka naginje određenom načinu postojanja,

i većina djevojčica naginje određenom načinu postojanja.

and most girls tend to be a certain way.

I poanta je da, za dječake,

And the point is that, for boys,

the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace

način na koji postoje i kultura koju su prigrlili

isn't working well in schools now.

sada ne funkcionira dobro u školama.

Kako to znamo?

How do we know that?

The 100 girls project tells us some really nice statistics.

Projekt 100 djevojčica

nam prikazuje neke stvarno dobre statistike.

For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school,

Na primjer: Za svakih 100 djevojčica koje budu suspendirane iz škole,

there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.

tu je 250 dječaka koji su suspendirani.

For every 100 girls who are expelled from school,

Za svakih 100 djevojčica koje su izbačene iz škole,

there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.

tu je 335 dječaka koji su izbačeni iz škole.

For every 100 girls in special education,

Za svakih 100 djevojčica koje pohađaju poseban program,

there are 217 boys.

tu je 217 dječaka.

For every 100 girls with a learning disability,

Za svakih 100 djevojčica koje imaju poteškoće u učenju,

tu je 276 dječaka.

there are 276 boys.

For every 100 girls with an emotional disturbance diagnosed,

Za svakih 100 djevojčica

s dijagnosticiranim emocionalnim poremećajem,

imamo 324 dječaka.

we have 324 boys.

And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher

I usput, svi ovi brojevi su znatno viši

ako ste crne boje kože,

if you happen to be black,

if you happen to be poor,

ako ste siromašni,

if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.

ako boravite u prenapučenoj školi.

And if you are a boy,

A ako ste dječak,

you're four times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD --

četiri puta ste skloniji

da vam se dijagnosticira ADHD --

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

poremećaj hiperaktivnosti i deficita pažnje.

Now there is another side to this.

Ali postoji druga strana svega ovoga.

And it is important that we recognize that women still need help in school,

I važno je prepoznati

da žene i dalje trebaju pomoć u školi,

da su plaće još uvijek znatno niže,

that salaries are still significantly lower,

čak i kada se prate vrste poslova,

even when controlled for job types,

and that girls have continued to struggle in math and science for years.

i da djevojčice i dalje imaju problema

već godinama s matematikom i znanošću.

That's all true.

To je sve točno.

Nothing about that prevents us

Ništa vezano uz to ne sprječava nas

from paying attention to the literacy needs

da obratimo pozornost na potrebe za opismenjivanjem

of our boys between ages three and 13.

naših dječaka starih između tri i 13 godina.

Što bismo i trebali.

And so we should.

In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook,

Zapravo, ono što bismo trebali činiti je uzeti stranicu iz njihove knjige strategija,

because the initiatives and programs that have been set in place

jer inicijativa i programi

koji su pokrenuti

for women in science and engineering and mathematics are fantastic.

za žene u znanosti, tehnici i matematici

su fantastični.

They've done a lot of good for girls in these situations,

Učinili su puno dobra

za djevojčice u tim situacijama.

and we ought to be thinking about how we can make that happen for boys too

I morali bismo razmišljati

kako istu stvar učiniti za dječake

in their younger years.

u njihovim ranijim godinama.

Even in their older years,

Čak i kada su stariji,

what we find is that there's still a problem.

mi i dalje nalazimo probleme.

When we look at the universities,

Kada pogledamo sveučilišta,

60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now,

60 posto prvostupnika su žene,

which is a significant shift.

što je značajan pomak.

And in fact, university administrators are a little uncomfortable about the idea

Zapravo, sveučilišni upravitelji

se teško suočavaju s idejom

that we may be getting close to 70 percent female population in universities.

da se bližimo tome da je 70 posto

ženske populacije na sveučilištima.

Ovo sveučilišne upravitelje čini vrlo nervoznima,

This makes university administrators very nervous,

because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.

jer djevojke ne žele ići u škole u kojima nema momaka.

And so we're starting to see

I počinjemo primjećivati osnivanje

the establishment of men centers and men studies

muških centara i muških studija

kako bismo promislili kako angažirati muškarce

to think about how do we engage men in their experiences in the university.

u njihovim iskustvima na sveučilištu.

Ako pričate sa profesorima, oni bi mogli reći,

If you talk to faculty, they may say, "Ugh. Yeah, well,

"O da, pa oni igraju video igre,

they're playing video games,

and they're gambling online all night long,

i oni se kockaju na internetu čitavu noć,

and they're playing World of Warcraft,

i igraju World of Warcraft.

and that's affecting their academic achievement."

I to utječe

na njihova akademska postignuća."

Guess what?

Znate što?

Video games are not the cause.

Video igre nisu uzrok.

Video games are a symptom.

Video igre su simptom.

They were turned off a long time before they got here.

Bili su isključeni puno prije

nego su došli tu.

So let's talk about why they got turned off

Dakle, pričajmo o tome zašto su isključeni

kada su imali između tri i 13 godina.

when they were between the ages of three and 13.

Postoje tri razloga zbog kojih vjerujem

There are three reasons that I believe

da su dječaci neusklađeni

that boys are out of sync with the culture of schools today.

s kulturom današnjih školskih ustanova.

Prva je nulta tolerancija.

The first is zero tolerance.

A kindergarten teacher I know, her son donated all of his toys to her,

Učiteljica iz vrtića koju poznajem,

njen sin donirao joj je sve igračke,

and when he did, she had to go through and pull out all the little plastic guns.

i kada je to učinio, ona je morala pregledati sve igračke

i ukloniti sve male plastične puške.

You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes

Ne možemo imati plastične noževe i mačeve i sjekire

and all that kind of thing in a kindergarten classroom.

i sve te stvari

u vrtiću.

What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun?

Što točno mislimo da će malo dijete učiniti s tom puškom?

I mean, really.

Mislim, stvarno.

But here he stands as testament

Ali ovdje je on kao svjedok

to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.

činjenice da danas više nema grubosti na igralištu.

Now I'm not advocating for bullies.

Ja ne zagovaram nasilnike.

I'm not suggesting that we need to be allowing guns and knives in the school.

Ne predlažem

da trebamo dopustiti oružje i noževe u škole.

But when we say that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom

Ali kada kažemo

da izviđač u srednjoškolskoj učionici

koji ima zaključan auto na parkiralištu

who has a locked parked car in the parking lot and a penknife in it,

i džepni nožić u njemu

has to be suspended from school,

treba biti suspendiran iz škole,

I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.

onda mislim da smo malo pretjerali s nultom tolerancijom.

Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out

Još jedan način na koji postoji nulta tolerancija je kroz pisane sastave dječaka.

is in the writing of boys.

U puno današnjih učionica

In a lot of classrooms today,

you're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.

nije dozvoljeno pisati o ničemu nasilnom.

Nije dozvoljeno pisati o ničemu

You're not allowed to write about anything that has to do with video games.

što je povezano s video igrama -- ove teme su zabranjene.

These topics are banned.

Dječaci dođu kući iz škole i kažu:

Boy comes home from school, and he says,

"Mrzim pisanje."

"I hate writing."

"Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?"

"Zašto mrziš pisanje sine? Što nije u redu s pisanjem?"

"Moram pisati o onome što mi ona kaže."

"Now I have to write what she tells me to write."

"OK, what is she telling you to write?"

"Dobro, što ti ona govori da pišeš?"

"Poems. I have to write poems.

"Pjesme. Ja moram pisati pjesme.

And little moments in my life.

I male trenutke u mom životu.

I don't want to write that stuff."

Ne želim o tome pisati."

"U redu. Što želiš pisati? O čemu želiš pisati?"

"Well, what do you want to write?

What do you want to write about?"

"Želim pisati o video igrama. Želim pisati o napretku u igri.

"I want to write about video games. I want to write about leveling-up.

Želim pisati o tom zaista zanimljivom svijetu.

I want to write about this really interesting world.

Želim pisati o uraganu koji uđe u našu kuću

I want to write about a tornado that comes into our house

i razbije sve prozore

and blows all the windows out,

i uništi svo pokućstvo i ubije sve."

and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody."

"U redu."

"All right. OK."

Kažete to učitelju ili profesoru,

You tell a teacher that, and they'll ask you, in all seriousness,

i oni će vas pitati, potpuno ozbiljno,

"Should we send this child to the psychologist?"

"Hoćemo li ovo dijete poslati psihologu?"

And the answer is no, he's just a boy.

I odgovor je ne, on je samo dječak.

He's just a little boy.

On je samo mali dječak.

It's not OK to write these kinds of things in classrooms today.

Nije u redu pisati takve stvari

u današnjim učionicama.

Dakle, to je prvi razlog:

So that's the first reason:

Zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.

politika nulte tolerancije i način na koji ih provodimo.

The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures:

Sljedeći razlog zašto kultura dječaka nije prilagođena kulturi škola:

manje je muških profesora, učitelja.

there are fewer male teachers.

Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means,

Svatko tko je stariji od 15 godina ne zna što ovo znači,

because in the last 10 years,

jer u posljednjih 10 godina,

the number of elementary school classroom teachers has been cut in half.

broj učitelja u osnovnim školama

je smanjen za pola.

We went from 14 percent to seven percent.

Od 14 posto

došli smo na samo sedam posto.

That means that 93 percent of the teachers

To znači da su 93 posto učitelja

that our young men get in elementary classrooms are women.

koje naši mladi muškarci dobiju u osnovnoj školi

žene.

Now what's the problem with this?

Zašto je ovo problem?

Women are great, yep, absolutely.

Žene su super. Da, apsolutno.

Ali muški uzori za dječake

But male role models for boys that say it's all right to be smart --

koji kažu u redu je biti pametan --

imaju očeve, svećenike,

they've got dads, they've got pastors, they've got Cub Scout leaders,

vođe izviđača,

but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week

ali na kraju krajeva, šest sati na dan, pet dana tjedno,

they're spending in a classroom,

oni provode u učionici.

I većina ovih učionica

and most of those classrooms are not places where men exist.

nisu mjesto na kojem postoje muškarci.

And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.

I onda dolaze do zaključka da ovo ipak nije mjesto za dječake.

Ovo je mjesto za djevojčice.

This is a place for girls.

I ja nisam jako dobar u ovome,

And I'm not very good at this,

so I guess I'd better go play video games

pa ću bolje

igrati video igre ili se baviti sportom, ili nešto slično tome,

or get into sports, or something like that,

because I obviously don't belong here.

jer ja očito ne pripadam ovdje.

Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.

Muškarci ne pripadaju tu, to je poprilično očito.

So that may be a very direct way that we see it happen.

Ovo je jedan od izravnijih načina

gdje vidimo da se to događa.

Ali manje izravno,

But less directly, the lack of male presence in the culture --

manjak muške prisutnosti u kulturi --

you've got a teachers' lounge, and they're having a conversation

imate zbornicu,

i vodi se razgovor

about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.

o Joeyu i Johnnyu koji su se potukli na igralištu.

"Što ćemo učiniti s tim dječacima?"

"What are we going to do with these boys?"

Odgovor na ovo pitanje mijenja se ovisno o tome tko sjedi oko stola.

The answer to that question changes

depending on who's sitting around that table.

Ima li muškaraca za tim stolom?

Are there men around that table?

Ima li majki koje su odgojile sinove za tim stolom?

Are there moms who've raised boys around that table?

Vidjet ćete, razgovor se mjenja

You'll see, the conversation changes

depending upon who's sitting around the table.

ovisno o tome tko sjedi za stolom.

Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today:

Treći razlog zašto dječaci nisu usklađeni s današnjim školama:

Kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.

vrtić je stari drugi razred ljudi.

We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.

Imamo ozbiljno sažimanje gradiva.

When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly,

Kad imaš tri godine, bolje ti je da znaš čitko napisati svoje ime,

ili ćemo to smatrati zastojem u razvoju.

or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.

Kad si u prvom razredu,

By the time you're in first grade,

morao bi moći čitati odlomke teksta

you should be able to read paragraphs of text

možda sa slikom, možda ne,

with maybe a picture, maybe not, in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.

u knjizi od 25 ili 30 stranica.

If you don't,

Ako to ne možeš, vjerojatno će te smjestiti

we're probably going to be putting you into a Title I special reading program.

u program za djecu koja imaju poteškoća sa čitanjem.

I ako učitelje koji se bave tom djecom pitate, reći će vam

And if you ask Title I teachers, they'll tell you

da imaju četvoro ili petoro dječaka za svaku djevojčicu koja je u tom programu,

they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program,

u prvim razredima.

in the elementary grades.

Razlog zašto je ovo problem

The reason that this is a problem

is because the message that boys are getting

je taj da poruka koju dječaci dobivaju

is, "You need to do what the teacher asks you to do all the time."

glasi: "moraš činiti

ono što učiteljica od tebe traži cijelo vrijeme."

The teacher's salary depends on "No Child Left Behind"

Plaća učitelja ovisi o

tome da nijedno dijete ne zaostane, i utrkivanju do vrha

and "Race to the Top" and accountability and testing

i odgovornosti i testiranju

and all of this.

i o svemu ovome.

So she has to figure out a way to get all these boys

Učiteljica mora osmisliti način

da svi ovi dječaci prođu gradivo --

through this curriculum -- and girls.

i djevojčice.

Sažeto gradivo loše je

This compressed curriculum is bad for all active kids.

za svu aktivnu djecu.

And what happens is,

I događa se sljedeće,

she says, "Please, sit down, be quiet, do what you're told,

ona kaže, "Molim te, sjedni,

budi tiho, čini što ti se kaže, slijedi pravila,

follow the rules, manage your time, focus, be a girl."

upravljaj svojim vremenom, usredotoči se,

budi djevojčica."

To je ono što im govori.

That's what she tells them.

Indirektno, to im govori.

Indirectly, that's what she tells them.

And so this is a very serious problem.

Dakle ovo je vrlo ozbiljan problem. Odakle to dolazi?

Where is it coming from? It's coming from us.

Dolazi od nas.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

We want our babies to read when they are six months old.

Želimo da naša djeca čitaju sa šest mjeseci.

Have you seen the ads?

Jeste li vidjeli oglase?

We want to live in Lake Wobegon where every child is above average ...

Želimo živjeti na Jezeru Wobegon

gdje je svako dijete iznad prosjeka.

but what this does to our children is really not healthy.

Ali što takvi zahtjevi čine našoj djeci zaista nije zdravo.

Nije primjereno razvoju

It's not developmentally appropriate,

and it's particularly bad for boys.

i posebno je loše za dječake.

Što mi trebamo učiniti?

So what do we do?

Trebamo ih sresti tamo gdje se nalaze.

We need to meet them where they are.

We need to put ourselves into boy culture.

Trebamo se staviti u kulturu dječaka.

We need to change the mindset of acceptance in boys

Trebamo promjeniti način

prihvaćanja dječaka u osnovnim školama.

in elementary schools.

More specifically, we can do some very specific things.

Da preciziramo, možemo učiniti određene stvari.

We can design better games.

Možemo dizajnirati bolje igre.

Most of the educational games that are out there today

Većina edukacijskih igara koje danas postoje

su u biti kartice za ponavljanje.

are really flashcards.

They're glorified drill and practice.

One su glorificirana vježba i ponavljanje.

They don't have the depth, the rich narrative

Nemaju dubinu, bogatu priču

that really engaging video games have,

koju imaju zahtjevne video igre,

koje zanimaju dječake.

that the boys are really interested in.

Tako da moramo dizajnirati bolje igre.

So we need to design better games.

We need to talk to teachers and parents and school board members and politicians.

Moramo razgovarati s učiteljima i roditeljima

i članovima školskih odbora i političarima.

We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.

Moramo biti sigurni da ljudi vide kako trebamo više muškaraca u učionici.

Moramo pažljivo proučiti naše politike nulte tolerancije.

We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.

Imaju li one smisla?

Do they make sense?

Moramo razmisliti

We need to think about how to uncompress this curriculum if we can,

kako dekomprimirati ovo gradivo ako možemo,

trying to bring boys back into a space that is comfortable for them.

vraćajući dječake u prostor

koji je ugodan za njih.

All of those conversations need to be happening.

Svi ti razgovori se moraju započeti.

There are some great examples out there of schools --

Postoje odlični primjeri

škola --

the New York Times just talked about a school recently.

New York Times je nedavno govorio o školi.

A game designer from the New School

Dizajner igara iz Nove Škole

put together a wonderful video gaming school.

je sastavio predivnu školu s video igrama.

But it only treats a few kids, and so this isn't very scalable.

Ali ju pohađa tek nekoliko djece.

Tako da ovo nije prilagodljivo u većim razmjerima.

We have to change the culture and the feelings

Moramo promijeniti kulturu i osjećaje

that politicians and school board members and parents have

koje imaju političari, članovi školskih odbora i roditelji

vezano uz to kako prihvaćamo i što prihvaćamo

about the way we accept and what we accept in our schools today.

danas u našim školama.

We need to find more money for game design.

Moramo naći više novca za dizajniranje igara.

Because good games, really good games, cost money,

Zato što dobre igre, stvarno dobre igre, koštaju,

I World of Warcraft ima popriličan budžet.

and World of Warcraft has quite a budget.

Većina edukacijskih igara ga nema.

Most of the educational games do not.

Gdje smo počeli:

Where we started:

my colleagues Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw, myself,

moji suradnici -- Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw i ja --

we started by trying to look at the teachers' attitudes

mi smo počeli proučavati stavove drugih učitelja

and find out how do they really feel about gaming,

u pokušaju da doznamo što stvarno misle o igrama i igranju,

što oni kažu o tome.

what do they say about it.

And we discovered that they talk about the kids in their school,

I otkrili smo

da oni razgovaraju o djeci u svojoj školi,

koja pričaju o igrama,

who talk about gaming, in pretty demeaning ways.

na poprilično omalovažavajući način.

They say, "Oh, yeah. They're always talking about that stuff.

Oni kažu, "O, da. Stalno pričaju o tim stvarima.

Pričaju o svojim malim akcijskim figurama

They're talking about their little action figures

i svojim malim postignućima ili značkama za postignuća,

and their little achievements or merit badges,

or whatever it is that they get.

ili što već oni dobiju.

And they're always talking about this stuff."

I oni uvijek govore o tome."

And they say these things as if it's OK.

I oni o tome pričaju na ovaj način, kao da je to u redu.

But if it were your culture, think of how that might feel.

Ali da je to vaša kultura,

zamislite kako bi se vi osjećali.

It's very uncomfortable to be on the receiving end

Zaista je neugodno biti taj o kojem se vode

of that kind of language.

takvi razgovori.

Nervozni su u svezi bilo čega

They're nervous about anything that has anything to do with violence

što ima bilo kakvu vezu s nasiljem

because of the zero tolerance policies.

zbog politika nulte tolerancije.

They are sure that parents and administrators

Sigurni su da roditelji i upravitelji nikad neće ništa prihvatiti.

will never accept anything.

So we really need to think about looking at teacher attitudes

Zato moramo razmisliti o tome da promatramo stavove učitelja

and finding ways to change the attitudes,

i pokušaju pronalaženja načina da se ti stavovi promjene

so that teachers are much more open and accepting of boy cultures

kako bi učitelji bili otvoreniji

i lakše prihvaćali kulturu dječaka u svojim učionicama.

in their classrooms.

Because, ultimately, if we don't,

Jer na kraju krajeva, ako to ne budemo činili

then we're going to have boys who leave elementary school saying,

imat ćemo dječake koji će napuštati osnovnu školu govoreći,

"Pa, čini mi se da je to bilo samo mjesto za djevojčice;

"Well I guess that was just a place for girls, it wasn't for me.

to nije bilo za mene.

So I've got to do gaming, or I've got to do sports."

Zato ću se ili baviti sportom ili igrati igre."

If we change these things, if we pay attention to these things,

Ako promijenimo ove stvari, ako obratimo pozornost na te stvari,

and we reengage boys in their learning,

i ponovno angažiramo dječake u njihovu učenju,

they will leave the elementary schools saying, "I'm smart."

oni će napustiti osnovnu školu govoreći: "Ja sam pametan."

Hvala vam.

Thank you.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)