How Too Many Rules at Work Keep You from Getting Things Done | Yves Morieux | TED Talks

343,329 views ・ 2015-09-21

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Jasmina Francuski Lektor: Mile Živković
00:12
Paul Krugman, the Nobel Prize [winner] in economics, once wrote:
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Dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za ekonomiju Pol Krugman, napisao je:
00:18
"Productivity is not everything, but in the long run,
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"Produktivnost nije sve, ali na duže staze,
00:24
it is almost everything."
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ona je skoro sve."
00:28
So this is serious.
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Dakle, ovo je ozbiljno.
00:30
There are not that many things on earth that are "almost everything."
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Nema toliko mnogo stvari na svetu koje su "skoro sve".
00:36
Productivity is the principal driver of the prosperity of a society.
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Produktivnost je glavni pokretač prosperiteta u društvu.
00:43
So we have a problem.
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Dakle, imamo problem.
00:45
In the largest European economies,
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U najvećim evropskim ekonomijama,
00:48
productivity used to grow five percent per annum
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produktivnost je rasla pet procenata godišnje
00:51
in the '50s, '60s, early '70s.
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50-ih, 60-ih i početkom 70-ih godina.
00:54
From '73 to '83: three percent per annum.
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Od '73. do '83. - tri procenta godišnje.
00:58
From '83 to '95: two percent per annum.
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Od '83. do '95. - dva procenta godišnje.
01:02
Since 1995: less than one percent per annum.
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Od 1995. - manje od jednog procenta godišnje.
01:07
The same profile in Japan.
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Statistika je ista u Japanu.
01:10
The same profile in the US,
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Statistika je ista u SAD,
01:13
despite a momentary rebound 15 years ago,
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uprkos kratkotrajnom skoku pre 15 godina,
01:18
and despite all the technological innovations
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i uprkos svim tehnološkim inovacijama
01:21
around us: the Internet, the information,
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koje nas okružuju: internet, informacije,
01:24
the new information and communication technologies.
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nove informacione i komunikacione tehnologije.
01:28
When productivity grows three percent per annum,
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Kada produktivnost raste tri procenta godišnje,
01:32
you double the standard of living every generation.
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duplira se životni standard svake generacije.
01:37
Every generation is twice as well-off as its parents'.
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Svaka generacija je dva puta bogatija od generacije svojih roditelja.
01:42
When it grows one percent per annum,
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Ali kada raste jedan procenat godišnje,
01:46
it takes three generations to double the standard of living.
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potrebne su tri generacije da bi se udvostručio životni standard.
01:49
And in this process, many people will be less well-off than their parents.
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Tokom ovog procesa, mnogi ljudi će biti siromašniji od svojih roditelja.
01:55
They will have less of everything:
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Imaće manje svega:
01:58
smaller roofs, or perhaps no roof at all,
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manje krovove, ili ih možda uopšte neće imati,
02:02
less access to education, to vitamins, to antibiotics, to vaccination --
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manje dostupno obrazovanje, manje vitamina, antibiotika, vakcina -
02:09
to everything.
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svega.
02:11
Think of all the problems that we're facing at the moment.
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Pomislite na sve probleme sa kojima se trenutno suočavamo.
02:18
All.
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Sve.
02:20
Chances are that they are rooted in the productivity crisis.
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Postoji šansa da su nastali zbog krize produktivnosti.
02:27
Why this crisis?
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Odakle ova kriza?
02:30
Because the basic tenets about efficiency --
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Jer su osnovni principi efikasnosti -
02:35
effectiveness in organizations, in management --
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efikasnost u organizacijama, u upravljanju -
02:40
have become counterproductive for human efforts.
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postali kontraproduktivni za ljudske napore.
02:45
Everywhere in public services -- in companies, in the way we work,
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Svuda u javnim ustanovama - u kompanijama, u načinu na koji radimo,
02:49
the way we innovate, invest -- try to learn to work better.
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na koji izvodimo promene, investiramo - pokušajte da naučite da radite bolje.
02:54
Take the holy trinity of efficiency:
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Uzmimo sveto trojstvo efikasnosti:
03:00
clarity, measurement, accountability.
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jasnoća, merenje, odgovornost.
03:07
They make human efforts derail.
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One ljudski napor izbacuju iz koloseka.
03:11
There are two ways to look at it, to prove it.
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Postoje dva načina da se tome pristupi, da se dokaže.
03:15
One, the one I prefer,
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Jedan, onaj koji ja više volim,
03:18
is rigorous, elegant, nice -- math.
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jeste neumoljiv, elegantan, zgodan - matematika.
03:24
But the full math version takes a little while,
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Ali bi puna matematička verzija potrajala,
03:27
so there is another one.
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pa evo drugog.
03:29
It is to look at a relay race.
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A to je da pogledamo štafetnu trku.
03:32
This is what we will do today.
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To je ono što ćemo danas uraditi.
03:34
It's a bit more animated, more visual and also faster -- it's a race.
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To je življi, vizuelniji i takođe, brži način - to je trka.
03:41
Hopefully, it's faster.
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Nadajmo se da je brže.
03:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:44
World championship final -- women.
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Finale svetskog šampionata za žene.
03:49
Eight teams in the final.
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Osam timova u finalu.
03:51
The fastest team is the US team.
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Najbrži tim je američki tim.
03:55
They have the fastest women on earth.
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Oni imaju najbrže žene na svetu.
03:58
They are the favorite team to win.
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One su favoriti za pobedu.
04:00
Notably, if you compare them to an average team,
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Naročito ako ih uporedite sa nekim prosečnim timom,
04:05
say, the French team,
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na primer francuskim,
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:08
based on their best performances in the 100-meter race,
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na osnovu njihovih najboljih rezultata u trci na 100 metara,
04:13
if you add the individual times of the US runners,
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ako saberete pojedinačna vremena američkih trkačica,
04:19
they arrive at the finish line 3.2 meters ahead of the French team.
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one stižu na cilj 3,2 metra pre francuskog tima.
04:26
And this year, the US team is in great shape.
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A ove godine, američki tim je u odličnoj formi.
04:30
Based on their best performance this year,
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Na osnovu njihovih najboljih rezultata ove godine,
04:32
they arrive 6.4 meters ahead of the French team,
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one stižu 6,4 metra pre francuskog tima,
04:37
based on the data.
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na osnovu podataka.
04:39
We are going to look at the race.
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Pogledaćemo trku.
04:40
At some point you will see, towards the end,
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U jednom momentu videćete, pred kraj,
04:43
that Torri Edwards, the fourth US runner, is ahead.
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da je Tori Edvards, četvrta američka trkačica, u prednosti.
04:49
Not surprising -- this year she got the gold medal in the 100-meter race.
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To ne iznenađuje - ove godine je osvojila zlatnu medalju u trci na 100 metara.
04:56
And by the way, Chryste Gaines, the second runner in the US team,
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I uzgred, Kristi Gejns, druga trkačica u američkom timu,
05:01
is the fastest woman on earth.
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je najbrža žena na svetu.
05:03
So, there are 3.5 billion women on earth.
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Dakle, na svetu ima 3,5 milijarde žena.
05:09
Where are the two fastest? On the US team.
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Gde su dve najbrže? U američkom timu.
05:13
And the two other runners on the US team are not bad, either.
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A ni druge dve trkačice u američkom timu nisu loše.
05:16
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:18
So clearly, the US team has won the war for talent.
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Dakle, jasno je, američki tim je pobedio u ratu talenata.
05:24
But behind, the average team is trying to catch up.
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Ali iza, prosečni tim pokušava da ih sustigne.
05:28
Let's watch the race.
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Hajde da pogledamo trku.
05:30
(Video: French sportscasters narrate race)
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(Video: Francuski komentatori prenose trku)
06:18
(Video: Race narration ends)
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(Video: Prenos trke se završava)
06:22
Yves Morieux: So what happened?
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Iv Morio: Pa šta se desilo?
06:23
The fastest team did not win; the slower one did.
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Najbrži tim nije pobedio, pobedio je sporiji.
06:28
By the way, I hope you appreciate
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Uzgred, nadam se da cenite
06:30
the deep historical research I did to make the French look good.
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moje istorijsko istraživanje kako bih francuskinje prikazao u dobrom svetlu.
06:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:41
But let's not exaggerate -- it's not archeology, either.
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Ali hajde da ne preterujemo, nije to arheologija.
06:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:47
But why?
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Ali zašto?
06:49
Because of cooperation.
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Zbog saradnje.
06:50
When you hear this sentence:
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Kada čujete ovu rečenicu:
06:52
"Thanks to cooperation, the whole is worth more than the sum of the parts."
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"Zahvaljujući saradnji, celina vredi više nego zbir njenih delova."
06:57
This is not poetry; this is not philosophy.
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To nije poezija, to nije filozofija.
07:01
This is math.
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To je matematika.
07:03
Those who carry the baton are slower,
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Oni koji nose štafetu su sporiji,
07:06
but their baton is faster.
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ali je njihova štafeta brža.
07:08
Miracle of cooperation:
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Čudo saradnje:
07:11
it multiplies energy, intelligence in human efforts.
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umnožava energiju, razumevanje u ljudskim naporima.
07:16
It is the essence of human efforts:
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Ona je suština ljudskih napora:
07:19
how we work together, how each effort contributes to the efforts of others.
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kako radimo zajedno, kako svačiji trud doprinosti trudu onog drugog.
07:26
With cooperation, we can do more with less.
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Sarađujući možemo uraditi više sa manje.
07:29
Now, what happens to cooperation when the holy grail --
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Šta se dogodi sa saradnjom kada se sveti gral -
07:35
the holy trinity, even --
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sveto trojstvo, čak -
07:37
of clarity, measurement, accountability --
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jasnoća, merenje, odgovornost -
07:44
appears?
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pojavi?
07:46
Clarity.
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Jasnoća.
07:48
Management reports are full of complaints about the lack of clarity.
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Izveštaji menadžmenta su puni žalbi na nedostatak jasnoće.
07:53
Compliance audits, consultants' diagnostics.
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Revizije usaglašenosti, dijagnoze konsultanata.
07:58
We need more clarity, we need to clarify the roles, the processes.
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Potrebno nam je više jasnoće, moramo razjasniti uloge, procese.
08:04
It is as though the runners on the team were saying,
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To je kao kada bi trkači u timu rekli:
08:08
"Let's be clear -- where does my role really start and end?
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"Da razjasnimo - gde tačno moja uloga počinje, a gde se završava?
08:14
Am I supposed to run for 95 meters, 96, 97...?"
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Da li treba da trčim 95 metara, 96, 97 ... ?"
08:19
It's important, let's be clear.
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Važno je, budimo jasni.
08:22
If you say 97, after 97 meters,
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Ako kažete 97 metara, nakon 97 metara,
08:25
people will drop the baton, whether there is someone to take it or not.
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ljudi će ispustiti štafetu, bilo da ima nekog da je prihvati ili ne.
08:31
Accountability.
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Odgovornost.
08:33
We are constantly trying to put accountability
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Stalno pokušavamo da stavimo odgovornost
08:36
in someone's hands.
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u nečije ruke.
08:38
Who is accountable for this process?
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Ko je odgovoran za ovaj proces?
08:41
We need somebody accountable for this process.
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Treba nam neko odgovoran za ovaj proces.
08:44
So in the relay race, since passing the baton is so important,
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Dakle, u štafetnoj trci, pošto je dodavanje štafete važno,
08:49
then we need somebody clearly accountable for passing the baton.
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potreban nam je neko ko je jasno odgovoran za dodavanje štafete.
08:53
So between each runner,
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Pa između svakog trkača,
08:55
now we will have a new dedicated athlete,
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sada ćemo imati novog posvećenog sportistu,
09:00
clearly dedicated to taking the baton from one runner,
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jasno posvećenog uzimanju štafete od jednog trkača
09:05
and passing it to the next runner.
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i dodavanju sledećem.
09:08
And we will have at least two like that.
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I imaćemo najmanje dvoje takvih.
09:12
Well, will we, in that case, win the race?
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Pa, hoćemo li, u tom slučaju, pobediti u trci?
09:19
That I don't know, but for sure,
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To ne znam, ali je sigurno
09:21
we would have a clear interface,
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da bismo imali jasno razgraničenje,
09:25
a clear line of accountability.
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jasnu liniju odgovornosti.
09:27
We will know who to blame.
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Znaćemo koga da krivimo.
09:30
But we'll never win the race.
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Ali nikada nećemo pobediti u trci.
09:33
If you think about it, we pay more attention
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Ako bolje razmislite, više pažnje posvećujemo tome
09:38
to knowing who to blame in case we fail,
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da znamo koga da okrivimo u slučaju neuspeha,
09:42
than to creating the conditions to succeed.
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nego stvaranju uslova za uspeh.
09:47
All the human intelligence put in organization design --
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Sva ljudska pamet uložena u stvaranje organizacija -
09:50
urban structures, processing systems --
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urbanih struktura, sistema za procesuiranje -
09:53
what is the real goal?
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šta je pravi cilj?
09:56
To have somebody guilty in case they fail.
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Da imamo krivca u slučaju neuspeha.
10:00
We are creating organizations able to fail,
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Stvaramo organizacije podložne neuspehu,
10:05
but in a compliant way,
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ali na usaglašen način,
10:08
with somebody clearly accountable when we fail.
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sa nekim ko je jasno odgovoran kad ne uspemo.
10:11
And we are quite effective at that -- failing.
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I prilično smo uspešni u tome - u neuspehu.
10:16
Measurement.
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Merenje.
10:18
What gets measured gets done.
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Ono što se meri, biva urađeno.
10:20
Look, to pass the baton, you have to do it at the right time,
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Vidite, da biste dodali štafetu, morate to uraditi u pravom momentu,
10:24
in the right hand, at the right speed.
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u pravu ruku, pravom brzinom.
10:27
But to do that, you have to put energy in your arm.
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Da biste uspeli, morate usmeriti energiju u svoju ruku.
10:30
This energy that is in your arm will not be in your legs.
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Energija u vašoj ruci, neće biti u vašim nogama.
10:33
It will come at the expense of your measurable speed.
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Ona će ići na štetu vaše merljive brzine.
10:37
You have to shout early enough to the next runner
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Morate viknuti dovoljno rano sledećem trkaču
10:40
when you will pass the baton, to signal that you are arriving,
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kada ćete dodati štafetu, da signalizirate svoj dolazak,
10:44
so that the next runner can prepare, can anticipate.
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da bi sledeći trkač mogao da se pripremi, da predvidi.
10:47
And you have to shout loud.
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I morate vikati glasno.
10:50
But the blood, the energy that will be in your throat
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Ali krv, energija koja će vam biti u grlu,
10:54
will not be in your legs.
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neće vam biti u nogama.
10:55
Because you know, there are eight people shouting at the same time.
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Jer znate, ima osmoro ljudi koji viču u isto vreme.
10:59
So you have to recognize the voice of your colleague.
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Zato morate prepoznati glas svog kolege.
11:02
You cannot say, "Is it you?"
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Ne možete reći: "Jesi li to ti?"
11:04
Too late!
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Prekasno!
11:05
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:06
Now, let's look at the race in slow motion,
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A sad, hajde da pogledamo trku na usporenom snimku,
11:11
and concentrate on the third runner.
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i koncentrišemo se na treću trkačicu.
11:14
Look at where she allocates her efforts,
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Pogledajte gde usmerava svoje napore,
11:18
her energy, her attention.
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svoju energiju, svoju pažnju.
11:22
Not all in her legs -- that would be great for her own speed --
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Ne sve u svoje noge - to bi bilo sjajno za njenu brzinu -
11:26
but in also in her throat, arm, eye, brain.
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već i u svoje grlo, ruku, oko, mozak.
11:29
That makes a difference in whose legs?
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To čini razliku u čijim nogama?
11:32
In the legs of the next runner.
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U nogama sledeće trkačice.
11:34
But when the next runner runs super-fast,
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Ali kada sledeća trkačica trči super brzo,
11:37
is it because she made a super effort,
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je li to zato što je uložila super napor,
11:39
or because of the way the third runner passed the baton?
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ili zbog načina na koji joj je treća trkačica predala štafetu?
11:43
There is no metric on earth that will give us the answer.
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Ne postoji na svetu sistem merenja koji će nam dati odgovor na to pitanje.
11:48
And if we reward people on the basis of their measurable performance,
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I ako nagrađujemo ljude na osnovu njihovog merljivog učinka,
11:52
they will put their energy, their attention, their blood
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oni će svoju energiju, pažnju, krv, usmeriti
11:55
in what can get measured -- in their legs.
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ka onom što se može meriti - u svoje noge.
11:58
And the baton will fall and slow down.
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A štafeta će pasti i usporiti.
12:01
To cooperate is not a super effort,
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Saradnja ne predstavlja super napor,
12:04
it is how you allocate your effort.
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već način na koji raspoređujemo napor.
12:07
It is to take a risk,
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Ona predstavlja rizik,
12:09
because you sacrifice the ultimate protection
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jer se žrtvuje krajnja zaštita
12:13
granted by objectively measurable individual performance.
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koju garantuje objektivno merljiv pojedinačni učinak.
12:20
It is to make a super difference in the performance of others,
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Ona predstavlja super razliku u učinku drugih,
12:24
with whom we are compared.
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sa kojima nas porede.
12:26
It takes being stupid to cooperate, then.
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Znači, potrebno je biti glup da bi se sarađivalo.
12:29
And people are not stupid; they don't cooperate.
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A ljudi nisu glupi; oni ne sarađuju.
12:32
You know, clarity, accountability, measurement were OK
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Znate, jasnoća, odgovornost, merenje, bili su u redu
12:37
when the world was simpler.
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kada je svet bio jednostavniji.
12:40
But business has become much more complex.
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Ali biznis je postao mnogo složeniji.
12:43
With my teams, we have measured
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Moji timovi i ja smo merili
12:46
the evolution of complexity in business.
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evoluciju složenosti u biznisu.
12:49
It is much more demanding today to attract and retain customers,
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Danas je mnogo zahtevnije privući i zadržati klijente,
12:54
to build advantage on a global scale,
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steći prednost na globalnom nivou,
12:58
to create value.
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stvoriti vrednost.
13:00
And the more business gets complex,
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I što biznis postaje složeniji,
13:03
the more, in the name of clarity, accountability, measurement
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sve više, u ime jasnoće, odgovornosti i merenja,
13:08
we multiply structures, processes, systems.
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umnožavamo strukture, procese, sisteme,
13:13
You know, this drive for clarity and accountability triggers
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Znate, ovaj poriv za jasnoćom i odgovornošću povlači sa sobom
13:17
a counterproductive multiplication of interfaces, middle offices,
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kontraproduktivno umnožavanje linija razgraničenja, posredničkih kancelarija,
13:23
coordinators that do not only mobilize people and resources,
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koordinatora koji ne samo da pokreću ljude i resurse,
13:28
but that also add obstacles.
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već postavljaju i prepreke.
13:31
And the more complicated the organization,
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I što je organizacija komplikovanija,
13:35
the more difficult it is to understand what is really happening.
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sve je teže shvatiti šta se tačno dešava.
13:39
So we need summaries, proxies, reports,
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Tako nam je potrebno sve više specifikacija, ovlašćenja, izveštaja,
13:44
key performance indicators, metrics.
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ključnih indikatora performansi, statističkih podataka.
13:48
So people put their energy in what can get measured,
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Stoga ljudi ulažu napor u ono što se može izmeriti,
13:53
at the expense of cooperation.
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na uštrb saradnje.
13:55
And as performance deteriorates,
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I kako se učinak smanjuje,
13:57
we add even more structure, process, systems.
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dodajemo sve više struktura, procesa, sistema.
14:00
People spend their time in meetings,
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Ljudi traće svoje vreme na sastancima,
14:03
writing reports they have to do, undo and redo.
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pišući izveštaje koje moraju da urade, ponište i ponovo urade.
14:08
Based on our analysis, teams in these organizations
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Na osnovu naše analize, timovi u ovakvim organizacijama
14:11
spend between 40 and 80 percent of their time wasting their time,
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troše između 40 i 80 procenata svog vremena gubeći vreme,
14:17
but working harder and harder, longer and longer,
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ali radeći više i više, duže i duže,
14:21
on less and less value-adding activities.
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na sve manje vrednim aktivnostima.
14:26
This is what is killing productivity,
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Ovo ubija produktivnost,
14:28
what makes people suffer at work.
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čini da ljudi pate na poslu.
14:31
Our organizations are wasting human intelligence.
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Naše organizacije traće ljudsku pamet.
14:35
They have turned against human efforts.
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Okrenule su se protiv ljudskih napora.
14:40
When people don't cooperate,
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Kada ljudi ne sarađuju,
14:43
don't blame their mindsets, their mentalities, their personality --
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nemojte kriviti njihov pogled na svet, njihov mentalitet, njihovu ličnost -
14:48
look at the work situations.
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pogledajte situaciju na poslu.
14:51
Is it really in their personal interest to cooperate or not,
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Da li je zaista u njihovom ličnom interesu da sarađuju ili ne,
14:55
if, when they cooperate, they are individually worse off?
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ako im je, kada sarađuju, pojedinačno sve gore?
14:59
Why would they cooperate?
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Zašto bi sarađivali?
15:01
When we blame personalities
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Kada krivimo ličnost
15:05
instead of the clarity, the accountability, the measurement,
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umesto jasnoće, odgovornosti i merenja,
15:11
we add injustice to ineffectiveness.
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dodajemo još i nepravdu na neefikasnost.
15:17
We need to create organizations
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Treba da stvorimo organizacije
15:19
in which it becomes individually useful for people to cooperate.
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u kojima će pojedincima biti korisno sarađivati.
15:24
Remove the interfaces, the middle offices --
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Uklonite linije razgraničenja, posredničke kancelarije -
15:29
all these complicated coordination structures.
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sve ove komplikovane strukture za koordinaciju.
15:33
Don't look for clarity; go for fuzziness.
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Nemojte tražiti jasnoću, tražite neodređenost.
15:37
Fuzziness overlaps.
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Neodređenost se prepliće.
15:41
Remove most of the quantitative metrics to assess performance.
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Otklonite većinu kvantitativnih merenja za procenu učinka.
15:46
Speed the "what."
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Ubrzajte "Šta".
15:48
Look at cooperation, the "how."
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Pripazite na saradnju, na "kako".
15:51
How did you pass the baton?
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Kako ste dodali štafetu?
15:52
Did you throw it, or did you pass it effectively?
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Da li ste je bacili ili ste je efikasno dodali?
15:58
Am I putting my energy in what can get measured --
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Da li ulažem energiju u nešto što se može izmeriti -
16:04
my legs, my speed -- or in passing the baton?
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svoje noge, svoju brzinu ili u dodavanje štafete?
16:08
You, as leaders, as managers,
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Vi, kao lideri, kao menadžeri,
16:13
are you making it individually useful for people to cooperate?
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da li činite saradnju pojedinačno korisnom?
16:20
The future of our organizations,
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Budućnost naših organizacija,
16:23
our companies, our societies
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naših kompanija, našeg društva
16:27
hinges on your answer to these questions.
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zavisi od vašeg odgovora na ova pitanja.
16:33
Thank you.
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Hvala.
16:34
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
About this website

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