Kenneth Shinozuka: My simple invention, designed to keep my grandfather safe

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Ivana Korom

What's the fastest growing threat to Americans' health?

Šta je najveća pretnja po zdravlje Amerikanaca?

Cancer? Heart attacks? Diabetes?

Rak? Srčani udar? Dijabetes?

The answer is actually none of these;

Odgovor je - ništa od navedenog.

it's Alzheimer's disease.

To je Alchajmerova bolest.

Every 67 seconds,

Na svakih 67 sekundi,

someone in the United States is diagnosed with Alzheimer's.

nekome u SAD se dijagnostikuje Alchajmerova bolest.

As the number of Alzheimer's patients triples by the year 2050,

Kako će se broj pacijenata sa Alchajmerom utrostručiti do kraja 2050,

caring for them, as well as the rest of the aging population,

briga o njima, kao i o najstarijim članovima populacije,

will become an overwhelming societal challenge.

postaće ogroman društveni izazov.

My family has experienced firsthand

Moja porodica je iskusila iz prve ruke,

the struggles of caring for an Alzheimer's patient.

poteškoće u nezi pacijenta sa Alchajmerom.

Growing up in a family with three generations,

Odrastajući u porodici sa tri generacije,

I've always been very close to my grandfather.

oduvek sam bio veoma blizak sa svojim dedom.

When I was four years old,

Kada sam imao četiri godine,

my grandfather and I were walking in a park in Japan

moj deda i ja smo šetali parkom u Japanu

when he suddenly got lost.

i on se iznenada izgubio.

It was one of the scariest moments I've ever experienced in my life,

To je bio jedan od najstrašnijih trenutaka u mom životu,

and it was also the first instance that informed us

ali i prvi slučaj koji nas je uputio na to

that my grandfather had Alzheimer's disease.

da moj deda ima Alchajmerovu bolest.

Over the past 12 years, his condition got worse and worse,

U poslednjih 12 godina, njegovo stanje se sve više pogoršavalo,

and his wandering in particular caused my family a lot of stress.

i njegova lutanja su donela puno stresa mojoj porodici.

My aunt, his primary caregiver,

Moja tetka, kao prvi staratelj,

really struggled to stay awake at night to keep an eye on him,

borila se da ostane budna tokom noći da bi pazila na njega,

and even then often failed to catch him leaving the bed.

ali i tada često nije uspevala da ga primeti kako odlazi.

I became really concerned about my aunt's well-being

Postao sam veoma zabrinut za zdravlje svoje tetke,

as well as my grandfather's safety.

kao i za bezbednost svoga dede.

I searched extensively for a solution that could help my family's problems,

Svuda sam tražio rešenje koje bi rešilo probleme moje porodice,

but couldn't find one.

ali nisam ništa našao.

Then, one night about two years ago,

Onda, jedne noći, pre oko dve godine,

I was looking after my grandfather and I saw him stepping out of the bed.

pazio sam na svog dedu i video ga kako ustaje iz kreveta.

The moment his foot landed on the floor,

U trenutku dok je spuštao nogu na pod,

I thought, why don't I put a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?

pomislio sam, zašto ne bih stavio senzor pritiska na njegovu petu?

Once he stepped onto the floor and out of the bed,

Istog trenutka po ustajanju iz kreveta

the pressure sensor would detect an increase in pressure caused by body weight

senzor bi detektovao povećanje pritiska uzrokovano težinom tela

and then wirelessly send an audible alert to the caregiver's smartphone.

i potom bežično poslao zvučni signal do telefona staratelja.

That way, my aunt could sleep much better at night

Tako bi moja tetka mogla mnogo bolje da spava noću

without having to worry about my grandfather's wandering.

bez brige da će moj deka odlutati.

So now I'd like to perform a demonstration of this sock.

Sada bih voleo da izvršim demonstraciju ove čarape.

Could I please have my sock model on the stage?

Da li model za čarapu može da dođe na pozornicu?

Great.

Sjajno.

So once the patient steps onto the floor --

Kada pacijent zgazi na pod -

(Ringing) --

(Zvuk zvona) -

an alert is sent to the caregiver's smartphone.

šalje se alarm na telefon staratelja.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala. (Aplauz)

Thank you, sock model.

Hvala, modelu za čarapu.

So this is a drawing of my preliminary design.

Ovo je skica mog preliminarnog dizajna.

My desire to create a sensor-based technology

Moja želja da stvaram tehnologiju na bazi senzora

perhaps stemmed from my lifelong love for sensors and technology.

ima korene u mojoj večitoj ljubavi prema senzorima i tehnologiji.

When I was six years old,

Kada sam imao šest godina,

an elderly family friend fell down in the bathroom

stariji porodični prijatelj je pao u kupatilu

and suffered severe injuries.

i pretrpeo ozbiljne povrede.

I became concerned about my own grandparents

Zabrinuo sam se za svoju baku i deku,

and decided to invent a smart bathroom system.

i odlučio da izmislim pametan sistem u kupatilu.

Motion sensors would be installed inside the tiles of bathroom floors

Senzor pokreta bi bio instaliran unutar pločica na podu kupatila

to detect the falls of elderly patients whenever they fell down in the bathroom.

da bi detektovao pad starijih pacijenata, u svakom trenutku.

Since I was only six years old at the time

Pošto sam tada imao samo šest godina,

and I hadn't graduated from kindergarten yet,

i još uvek sam bio u obdaništu,

I didn't have the necessary resources and tools to translate my idea into reality,

nisam imao potrebna sredstva i alate da bih moju ideju preveo u stvarnost,

but nonetheless, my research experience

ali pored toga, moje istraživačko iskustvo

really implanted in me a firm desire to use sensors to help the elderly people.

usadilo je čvrstu želju za korišćenje senzora za pomoć starijim ljudima.

I really believe that sensors can improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Zaista verujem da senzori mogu poboljšati kvalitet života starijih ljudi.

When I laid out my plan, I realized that I faced three main challenges:

Izloživši svoj plan, shvatio sam da se suočavam sa tri glavna izazova:

first, creating a sensor;

prvo, pravljenje senzora,

second, designing a circuit;

drugo, kreiranje strujnog kola,

and third, coding a smartphone app.

treće, kodiranje aplikacije.

This made me realize that my project was actually much harder to realize

Shvatio sam da je moj projekat mnogo teže realizovati,

than I initially had thought it to be.

nego što sam mislio u početku.

First, I had to create a wearable sensor that was thin and flexible enough

Prvo, morao sam da napravim nosiv senzor, dovoljno tanak i fleksibilan

to be worn comfortably on the bottom of the patient's foot.

da bi se komotno nosio na peti pacijenta.

After extensive research and testing of different materials like rubber,

Posle obimnog istraživanja i testiranja raznih materijala, poput gume,

which I realized was too thick to be worn snugly on the bottom of the foot,

koja je suviše debela da bi mogla sa lakoćom da se nosi na stopalu,

odlučio sam da štampam filmski senzor

I decided to print a film sensor

with electrically conductive pressure-sensitive ink particles.

sa česticama mastila, električno provodljivim i osetljivim na pritisak.

Once pressure is applied, the connectivity between the particles increases.

Kada se nanese pritisak, veza između čestica se povećava.

Therefore, I could design a circuit that would measure pressure

Tako, mogao sam da kreiram kolo koje bi merilo pritisak

by measuring electrical resistance.

mereći električni otpor.

Next, I had to design a wearable wireless circuit,

Sledeće, morao sam da napravim nosivo bežično strujno kolo

but wireless signal transmission consumes lots of power

ali bežično emitovanje signala troši dosta energije

and requires heavy, bulky batteries.

i zahteva teške, glomazne baterije.

Thankfully, I was able to find out about the Bluetooth low energy technology,

Srećom, saznao sam o niskoenergetskoj tehnologiji Blututa,

which consumes very little power and can be driven by a coin-sized battery.

koja troši malo energije i može raditi sa baterijom veličine novčića.

This prevented the system from dying in the middle of the night.

To sprečava sistem da prestane da radi usred noći.

Lastly, I had to code a smartphone app that would essentially transform

Na kraju, morao sam da kodiram aplikaciju koja bi u osnovi transformisala

the care-giver's smartphone into a remote monitor.

telefon staratelja u udaljen monitor.

For this, I had to expand upon my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode

Za ovo sam morao da proširim znanje kodiranja sa Javom i XCode-om

and I also had to learn about how to code for Bluetooth low energy devices

i morao sam da naučim kodiranje Blutut niskoenergetskih uređaja,

by watching YouTube tutorials and reading various textbooks.

gledajući tutorijale na Jutjubu i čitajući razne knjige.

Integrating these components, I was able to successfully create two prototypes,

Integrisanjem ovih komponenata, napravio sam dva uspešna prototipa,

one in which the sensor is embedded inside a sock,

jedan u kojem je senzor ugrađen unutar čarape,

and another that's a re-attachable sensor assembly

i drugi koji je skupina senzora

that can be adhered anywhere that makes contact

koji mogu biti pridodati bilo gde postoji kontakt

with the bottom of the patient's foot.

sa donjim delom stopala pacijenta.

I've tested the device on my grandfather for about a year now,

Testiram uređaj na svom dedi već godinu dana,

and it's had a 100 percent success rate

i uređaj ima stopu uspešnosti od 100%

in detecting the over 900 known cases of his wandering.

u detektovanju preko 900 slučajeva njegovih lutanja.

Last summer, I was able to beta test my device

Prošlog leta sam vršio beta testiranje svog uređaja

at several residential care facilities in California,

u nekoliko domova za brigu u Kaliforniji

and I'm currently incorporating the feedback

i trenutno obrađujem podatke

to further improve the device into a marketable product.

za poboljšanje uređaja u tržišni proizvod.

Testing the device on a number of patients

Testiranjem uređaja na dosta pacijenata

made me realize that I needed to invent solutions

shvatio sam da treba da napravim opciju

for people who didn't want to wear socks to sleep at night.

za ljude koji nisu želeli da nose čarape tokom spavanja.

So sensor data, collected on a vast number of patients,

Tako da podaci sa senzora sa velikog broja pacijenata

can be useful for improving patient care

mogu biti od koristi u poboljšanju nege pacijenata

and also leading to a cure for the disease, possibly.

i možda dovesti do pronalaska leka.

For example, I'm currently examining

Na primer, trenutno istražujem

correlations between the frequency of a patient's nightly wandering

vezu između učestalosti noćnih lutanja pacijenata

and his or her daily activities and diet.

i njihovih dnevnih aktivnosti ili ishrane.

One thing I'll never forget is when my device first caught

Nikada neću zaboraviti trenutak kada je moj uređaj prvi put registrovao

my grandfather's wandering out of bed at night.

noćna lutanja mog dede.

At that moment, I was really struck by the power of technology

Tog trenutka sam bio zaista očaran mogućnostima tehnologije

to change lives for the better.

da nam promeni život nabolje.

People living happily and healthfully --

Ljudi koji žive srećno i zdravo -

that's the world that I imagine.

to je svet kakav ja zamišljam.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)