Kenneth Shinozuka: My simple invention, designed to keep my grandfather safe

Prevoditelj: Anja Kolobarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

What's the fastest growing threat to Americans' health?

Koja je prijetnja američkom zdravlju u najbržem porastu?

Cancer? Heart attacks? Diabetes?

Rak? Srčani udar? Dijabetes?

The answer is actually none of these;

Odgovor glasi - nijedno od ponuđenih.

it's Alzheimer's disease.

Radi se o Alzheimerovoj bolesti.

Every 67 seconds,

Svakih 67 sekundi

someone in the United States is diagnosed with Alzheimer's.

nekome u SAD-u dijagnosticiran je Alzheimer.

As the number of Alzheimer's patients triples by the year 2050,

Kako se broj oboljelih do 2050. bude utrostručavao,

caring for them, as well as the rest of the aging population,

briga za njih, kao i za ostatak populacije,

will become an overwhelming societal challenge.

postat će ogroman društveni izazov.

My family has experienced firsthand

Moja je obitelj iz prve ruke iskusila

the struggles of caring for an Alzheimer's patient.

poteškoće u brizi za oboljele od Alzheimera.

Growing up in a family with three generations,

Odrastajući u obitelji s tri generacije,

I've always been very close to my grandfather.

uvijek sam bio iznimno blizak s djedom.

When I was four years old,

Kada sam imao četiri godine,

my grandfather and I were walking in a park in Japan

djed i ja šetali smo parkom u Japanu

when he suddenly got lost.

kada se on iznenada izgubio.

It was one of the scariest moments I've ever experienced in my life,

Bio je to jedan od najstrašnijih trenutaka u mom životu,

and it was also the first instance that informed us

i bio je to i prvi slučaj koji nam je rekao

that my grandfather had Alzheimer's disease.

da moj djed boluje od Alzheimera.

Over the past 12 years, his condition got worse and worse,

Tijekom zadnjih 12 godina stanje mu se sve više i više pogoršavalo,

and his wandering in particular caused my family a lot of stress.

a njegovo je lutanje mojoj obitelji uzrokovalo jako puno stresa.

My aunt, his primary caregiver,

Moja teta, djedova primarna skrbnica,

really struggled to stay awake at night to keep an eye on him,

mučila se ostajući budna kako bi pazila na njega

and even then often failed to catch him leaving the bed.

i opet često ne bi ni primijetila kako izlazi iz kreveta.

I became really concerned about my aunt's well-being

Jako sam se počeo brinuti i za tetinu dobrobit

as well as my grandfather's safety.

i za djedovu sigurnost.

I searched extensively for a solution that could help my family's problems,

Predano sam tražio rješenje koje bi moglo pomoći problemima moje obitelji,

but couldn't find one.

ali nisam ga mogao naći.

Then, one night about two years ago,

Onda jedne noći prije neke dvije godine

I was looking after my grandfather and I saw him stepping out of the bed.

pazio sam na djeda i vidio sam ga kako izlazi iz kreveta.

The moment his foot landed on the floor,

U trenutku kad mu je stopalo dotaklo pod,

I thought, why don't I put a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?

pomislio sam: mogao bih mu na petu postaviti senzor za pritisak.

Once he stepped onto the floor and out of the bed,

Kad bi iskoračio iz kreveta i stao na pod,

the pressure sensor would detect an increase in pressure caused by body weight

senzor za pritisak očitao bi povećanje u pritisku uzrokovano tjelesnom težinom

and then wirelessly send an audible alert to the caregiver's smartphone.

i zatim bežično poslao zvučno upozorenje na smartphone njegove skrbnice.

That way, my aunt could sleep much better at night

Tako bi moja teta mogla puno bolje spavati

without having to worry about my grandfather's wandering.

ne morajući se brinuti o djedovom lutanju.

So now I'd like to perform a demonstration of this sock.

Sad bih volio izvesti demonstraciju ove čarape.

Could I please have my sock model on the stage?

Može li mi se moj model za čarape pridružiti na pozornici?

Great.

Odlično.

So once the patient steps onto the floor --

Kad pacijent stane na pod --

(Ringing) --

(Zvuk zvona) --

an alert is sent to the caregiver's smartphone.

skrbnica dobiva obavijest na svoj smartphone.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam. (Pljesak)

Thank you, sock model.

Hvala tebi, modelu za čarape.

So this is a drawing of my preliminary design.

Ovo je crtež mog prvotnog dizajna.

My desire to create a sensor-based technology

Moja želja za stvaranjem tehnologije bazirane na senzoru

perhaps stemmed from my lifelong love for sensors and technology.

vjerojatno je potekla od moje cjeloživotne ljubavi prema senzorima i tehnologiji

When I was six years old,

Kad sam imao šest godina.,

an elderly family friend fell down in the bathroom

stariji obiteljski prijatelj pao je u kupaonici

and suffered severe injuries.

i zadobio teške ozljede.

I became concerned about my own grandparents

Zabrinuo sam se za vlastite bake i djedove

and decided to invent a smart bathroom system.

i odlučio izumiti pametan kupaonski sustav.

Motion sensors would be installed inside the tiles of bathroom floors

Senzori pokreta bili bi postavljeni unutar pločica kupaonskih podova

to detect the falls of elderly patients whenever they fell down in the bathroom.

kako bi detektirali padove starijih pacijenata kad god bi pali u kupaonici.

Since I was only six years old at the time

Budući da sam tada imao samo šest godina

and I hadn't graduated from kindergarten yet,

i još nisam završio ni vrtić,

I didn't have the necessary resources and tools to translate my idea into reality,

nisam imao potrebne resurse i alate kako bih svoju ideju proveo u djelo.

but nonetheless, my research experience

Kako bilo, ovo istraživačko iskustvo

really implanted in me a firm desire to use sensors to help the elderly people.

u meni je uistinu usadilo snažnu želju za korištenjem senzora za pomoć starijima.

I really believe that sensors can improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Uistinu vjerujem da im senzori mogu poboljšati kvalitetu života.

When I laid out my plan, I realized that I faced three main challenges:

Kad sam izrađivao plan, shvatio sam da postoje tri osnovne poteškoće:

first, creating a sensor;

prva, stvaranje senzora;

second, designing a circuit;

druga, dizajniranje strujnog kruga;

and third, coding a smartphone app.

i treća, kodiranje aplikacije.

This made me realize that my project was actually much harder to realize

Tada sam shvatio da je moj projekt teže realizirati

than I initially had thought it to be.

nego što sam u početku mislio.

First, I had to create a wearable sensor that was thin and flexible enough

Prvo sam morao napraviti tanak nosivi senzor, a opet dovoljno fleksibilan

to be worn comfortably on the bottom of the patient's foot.

da bi bio udoban za nošenje na donjem dijelu stopala.

After extensive research and testing of different materials like rubber,

Nakon iscrpnog istraživanja i testiranja raznih materijala poput gume,

which I realized was too thick to be worn snugly on the bottom of the foot,

za koju sam shvatio da je predebela da bi se nosila pripijena za stopalo,

I decided to print a film sensor

odlučio sam isprintati filmski senzor

with electrically conductive pressure-sensitive ink particles.

s električki provodnim česticama tinte osjetljiv na pritisak.

Once pressure is applied, the connectivity between the particles increases.

Kad dođe do pritiska, povezanost među česticama se povećava.

Therefore, I could design a circuit that would measure pressure

Stoga sam mogao dizajnirati strujni krug koji bi mjerio pritisak

by measuring electrical resistance.

mjereći električni otpor.

Next, I had to design a wearable wireless circuit,

Zatim sam trebao dizajnirati bežični strujni krug,

but wireless signal transmission consumes lots of power

ali prijenos bežičnog signala troši puno energije

and requires heavy, bulky batteries.

i zahtijeva teške i velike baterije.

Thankfully, I was able to find out about the Bluetooth low energy technology,

Srećom, otkrio sam niskoenergetsku bluetooth tehnologiju

which consumes very little power and can be driven by a coin-sized battery.

koja troši jako malo energije i može je pokrenuti baterija veličine novčića.

This prevented the system from dying in the middle of the night.

Zahvaljujući ovome, sustav ne bi krepao usred noći.

Lastly, I had to code a smartphone app that would essentially transform

Posljednje, morao sam kodirati smartphone aplikaciju koja je

the care-giver's smartphone into a remote monitor.

njegovateljici omogućavala daljinski nadzor.

For this, I had to expand upon my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode

Za to sam trebao proširiti svoje znanje o kodiranju u Javi i XCodeu

and I also had to learn about how to code for Bluetooth low energy devices

i naučiti kako kodirati niskoenergetske bluetooth uređaje

by watching YouTube tutorials and reading various textbooks.

gledajući tutoriale na YouTubeu i čitajući razne udžbenike.

Integrating these components, I was able to successfully create two prototypes,

Integrirajući ove komponente, mogao sam uspješno stvoriti dva prototipa,

one in which the sensor is embedded inside a sock,

u jednom je senzor bio ugrađen u čarapu,

and another that's a re-attachable sensor assembly

a u drugom je senzor mogao biti pričvršćen

that can be adhered anywhere that makes contact

bilo gdje gdje bi imao kontakta

with the bottom of the patient's foot.

s donjim dijelom pacijentova stopala.

I've tested the device on my grandfather for about a year now,

Testirao sam napravu na svom djedu gotovo godinu dana,

and it's had a 100 percent success rate

i ima stopu uspješnosti od 100 posto

in detecting the over 900 known cases of his wandering.

u detektiranju preko 900 nama poznatih slučajeva njegova lutanja.

Last summer, I was able to beta test my device

Prošlog ljeta bio sam u mogućnosti beta-testirati svoj uređaj

at several residential care facilities in California,

u nekolicini mjesnih ustanova za njegu u Kaliforniji

and I'm currently incorporating the feedback

Trenutno pokušavam inkorporirati povratnu informaciju

to further improve the device into a marketable product.

kako bih napravu unaprijedio za tržište.

Testing the device on a number of patients

Testirajući je na brojnim pacijentima,

made me realize that I needed to invent solutions

shvatio sam da trebam osmisliti rješenja

for people who didn't want to wear socks to sleep at night.

za ljude koji ne žele nositi čarape u krevetu.

So sensor data, collected on a vast number of patients,

Podatci senzora, prikupljeni na ogromnom broju pacijenata

can be useful for improving patient care

mogu biti korisni u unapređenju skrbi o pacijentima

and also leading to a cure for the disease, possibly.

a možda i u pronalasku lijeka ovoj bolesti.

For example, I'm currently examining

Primjerice, trenutno proučavam

correlations between the frequency of a patient's nightly wandering

povezanost između učestalosti noćnog lutanja pacijenata

and his or her daily activities and diet.

i njihovih dnevnih aktivnosti i prehrane.

One thing I'll never forget is when my device first caught

Nikad neću zaboraviti kako je naprava prvi put uhvatila mog

my grandfather's wandering out of bed at night.

djeda kad se uputio na noćno lutanje.

At that moment, I was really struck by the power of technology

Tad me je uistinu zadivila moć tehnologije

to change lives for the better.

da nam promijeni živote nabolje.

People living happily and healthfully --

Ljudi koji vode sretne i zdrave živote --

that's the world that I imagine.

takav ja svijet zamišljam.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)