Daniel Goleman: Why arent we all Good Samaritans?

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Luka Pantic

Znate, zadivljen sam time

You know, I'm struck by how one of the implicit themes of TED

kako je saosećajnost jedna od tema koje se podrazumevaju na TED-u.

is compassion, these very moving demonstrations we've just seen:

Ovi veoma dirljivi prikazi koje smo upravo videli:

HIV in Africa, President Clinton last night.

HIV u Africi, predsednik Klinton sinoć.

And I'd like to do a little collateral thinking, if you will,

Dodao bih, na jedan indirektan način,

about compassion and bring it from the global level to the personal.

razmišljanje o saosećanju i preneo ga sa globalnog na lični nivo.

I'm a psychologist, but rest assured,

Ja sam psiholog, ali ne brinite,

I will not bring it to the scrotal.

neću svesti priču ispod pojasa.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Veoma važno istraživanje sprovedeno je pre izvesnog vremena

There was a very important study done a while ago

at Princeton Theological Seminary that speaks to why it is

na Prinstonskoj bogosloviji, koje govori o tome zašto se dešava

that when all of us have so many opportunities to help,

da iako svi imamo toliko mnogo mogućnosti da pomognemo,

we do sometimes, and we don't other times.

ponekad pomažemo, a ponekad ne.

Grupi studenata teologije na Prinstonskoj bogosloviji

A group of divinity students at the Princeton Theological Seminary

were told that they were going to give a practice sermon

rečeno je da će održati probnu propoved

and they were each given a sermon topic.

i svakom je data tema propovedi.

Half of those students were given, as a topic,

Polovina tih studenata za temu je dobila

the parable of the Good Samaritan:

parabolu o Dobrom Samarićaninu:

the man who stopped the stranger in --

o čoveku koji se zaustavio

da pomogne neznancu pored puta u nevolji.

to help the stranger in need by the side of the road.

Half were given random Bible topics.

Polovini je data neka slučajno odabrana tema iz Biblije.

Then one by one, they were told they had to go to another building

Onda je, jednom po jednom, rečeno da moraju da odu u drugu zgradu

da održe propoved.

and give their sermon.

As they went from the first building to the second,

Na putu iz jedne u drugu zgradu,

each of them passed a man who was bent over and moaning,

svaki od njih prošao je pored čoveka koji je bio sagnut i stenjao je,

očigledno u nevolji.

clearly in need. The question is: Did they stop to help?

Pitanje je: da li su se zaustavili da pomognu?

The more interesting question is:

Još interesantnije pitanje je:

Did it matter they were contemplating the parable

da li je uticalo to što su razmišljali o paraboli o Dobrom Samarićaninu?

of the Good Samaritan? Answer: No, not at all.

Odgovor: Ne, uopšte.

What turned out to determine whether someone would stop

Ispostavilo se da je ono što određuje da li će se neko zaustaviti

and help a stranger in need

da pomogne neznancu u nevolji

was how much of a hurry they thought they were in --

bilo njihovo mišljenje o tome koliko su se žurili -

da li su osećali da kasne

were they feeling they were late, or were they absorbed

ili su bili udubljeni u ono o čemu je trebalo da pričaju.

in what they were going to talk about.

I to je, po mom mišljenju, neprilika naših života:

And this is, I think, the predicament of our lives:

that we don't take every opportunity to help

ne prihvatamo svaku priliku da pomognemo,

because our focus is in the wrong direction.

jer je naša pažnja usmerena u pogrešnom pravcu.

There's a new field in brain science, social neuroscience.

Postoji novo polje u neurologiji, socijalna neuronauka.

This studies the circuitry in two people's brains

Ona proučava povezivanje u mozgovima dvoje ljudi

that activates while they interact.

koje se aktivira kad su oni u interakciji.

And the new thinking about compassion from social neuroscience

I novo mišljenje socijalne neuronauke o saosećanju je

is that our default wiring is to help.

da smo programirani da pomognemo.

That is to say, if we attend to the other person,

Što znači, ako obratimo pažnju na drugu osobu,

mi automatski empatišemo, automatski saosećamo.

we automatically empathize, we automatically feel with them.

Postoje ti novootkriveni neuroni, neuroni ogledala,

There are these newly identified neurons, mirror neurons,

that act like a neuro Wi-Fi, activating in our brain

koji se ponašaju kao neuronska bežična mreža

i u našem mozgu aktiviraju

exactly the areas activated in theirs. We feel "with" automatically.

tačno one oblasti koje su aktivne u mozgu druge osobe.

Mi automatski osećamo "sa".

And if that person is in need, if that person is suffering,

I ako je ta osoba u nevolji, ako ta osoba pati,

mi smo automatski pripremljeni da pomognemo.

we're automatically prepared to help. At least that's the argument.

Barem tako tvrde.

But then the question is: Why don't we?

Ali pitanje je: zašto ne pomognemo?

And I think this speaks to a spectrum

Mislim da se ovo odnosi na spektar

koji ide od potpune okupiranosti sobom,

that goes from complete self-absorption,

to noticing, to empathy and to compassion.

preko primećivanja, do empatije i saosećanja.

And the simple fact is, if we are focused on ourselves,

A jednostavna činjenica je ta da ako smo fokusirani na sebe,

ako smo preokupirani, kao što često i jesmo u toku dana,

if we're preoccupied, as we so often are throughout the day,

we don't really fully notice the other.

mi zapravo ne primećujemo drugu osobu potpuno.

And this difference between the self and the other focus

Ova razlika između usredsređenosti na sebe i na drugog

can be very subtle.

može biti vrlo suptilna.

I was doing my taxes the other day, and I got to the point

Pre neki dan sam sređivao svoj porez i stigao sam do tačke

where I was listing all of the donations I gave,

gde navodim sve donacije koje sam dao

i doživeo sam otkrovenje,

and I had an epiphany, it was -- I came to my check

naišao sam na ček za Seva Fondaciju

to the Seva Foundation and I noticed that I thought,

i primetio sam kako sam pomislio,

boy, my friend Larry Brilliant would really be happy

čoveče, moj prijatelj Leri Briliant bi bio presrećan što sam dao pare Sevi.

that I gave money to Seva.

Then I realized that what I was getting from giving

Onda sam shvatio da je ono što dobijam od davanja

was a narcissistic hit -- that I felt good about myself.

bio narcistički udar - osećao sam se dobro u vezi sa sobom.

Then I started to think about the people in the Himalayas

Onda sam počeo da razmišljam o ljudima na Himalajima

whose cataracts would be helped, and I realized

kojima će katarakte biti izlečene,

i shvatio sam da sam se pomerio od ove narcističke samousredsređenosti

that I went from this kind of narcissistic self-focus

na altruističku radost,

to altruistic joy, to feeling good

na osećanje zadovoljstva zbog ljudi kojima se pomaže.

for the people that were being helped. I think that's a motivator.

Mislim da je to motiv.

But this distinction between focusing on ourselves

Ali ova razlika između fokusiranosti na sebe

and focusing on others

i fokusiranosti na druge

is one that I encourage us all to pay attention to.

je ono na šta želim da obratimo pažnju.

You can see it at a gross level in the world of dating.

To možete u velikoj meri primetiti u sferi zabavljanja.

I was at a sushi restaurant a while back

Pre izvesnog vremena bio sam u jednom suši restoranu

and I overheard two women talking about the brother of one woman,

i načuo sam dve žene koje su razgovarale o bratu jedne od njih

koji je bio samac.

who was in the singles scene. And this woman says,

Jedna žena kaže:

"Moj brat ima poteškoća da pronađe devojku,

"My brother is having trouble getting dates,

pa isprobava upoznavanje na brzaka."

so he's trying speed dating." I don't know if you know speed dating?

Ne znam da li znate šta je to.

Women sit at tables and men go from table to table,

Žene sede za stolovima, a muškarci idu od stola do stola,

and there's a clock and a bell, and at five minutes, bingo,

tu se nalaze sat i zvono i kroz pet minuta, bingo,

the conversation ends and the woman can decide

razgovor se završava i žena odlučuje

whether to give her card or her email address to the man

da li da da svoj broj ili email adresu muškarcu

for follow up. And this woman says,

kako bi nastavili.

I ova žena priča,

"My brother's never gotten a card, and I know exactly why.

"Moj brat nikada nije dobio broj telefona.

I tačno znam zašto.

The moment he sits down, he starts talking non-stop about himself;

U trenutku kada sedne, on počinje neprekidno da priča o sebi,

he never asks about the woman."

nikada ništa ne pita o ženi."

Malo sam istraživao u odeljku "Sunday Styles"

And I was doing some research in the Sunday Styles section

of The New York Times, looking at the back stories of marriages --

"U Njujork Tajmsu", čitao sam priče o nastanku brakova -

because they're very interesting -- and I came to the marriage

jer su veoma interesantne -

i stigao sam do braka Alis Čarni Epstin.

of Alice Charney Epstein. And she said

I ona kaže da je dok je bila sama i izlazila,

that when she was in the dating scene,

imala jednostavan test koji je zadavala ljudima.

she had a simple test she put people to.

Test je bio sledeći: od momenta kad se nađu,

The test was: from the moment they got together,

how long it would take the guy to ask her a question

koliko dugo je potrebno momku da joj postavi pitanje

with the word "you" in it.

koje sadrži reč "ti".

And apparently Epstein aced the test, therefore the article.

I očigledno je Epstin prošao test, otuda i članak.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now this is a -- it's a little test

Ovo je mali test koji vam savetujem da isprobate na žurci.

I encourage you to try out at a party.

Here at TED there are great opportunities.

I ovde na TED-u imate odlične prilike.

The Harvard Business Review recently had an article called

U "The Harvard Business Review" nedavno je izašao članak koji se zove

"The Human Moment," about how to make real contact

"Ljudski trenutak", o tome kako uspostaviti pravi kontakt

with a person at work. And they said, well,

sa osobom na poslu.

I oni kažu pa, osnovna stvar koju treba da uradite

the fundamental thing you have to do is turn off your BlackBerry,

je da isključite svoj Blekberi,

zatvorite laptop, završite sa sanjarenjem

close your laptop, end your daydream

i usmerite punu pažnju na osobu.

and pay full attention to the person.

Postoji jedna nova reč u engleskom jeziku

There is a newly coined word in the English language

za trenutak u kom osoba sa kojom smo izvadi svoj Blekberi

for the moment when the person we're with whips out their BlackBerry

or answers that cell phone, and all of a sudden we don't exist.

ili se javi na mobilni i odjednom mi ne postojimo.

Reč je "pizzled": kombinacija "puzzled" i "pissed off".

The word is "pizzled": it's a combination of puzzled and pissed off.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I think it's quite apt. It's our empathy, it's our tuning in

Mislim da je prilično prikladno.

Naša empatija, uključivanje,

je ono što nas odvaja od makijavelista ili sociopata.

which separates us from Machiavellians or sociopaths.

Imam zeta koji je stručnjak za stravu i užas -

I have a brother-in-law who's an expert on horror and terror --

he wrote the Annotated Dracula, the Essential Frankenstein --

napisao je "Objašnjeni drakula, suštinski Frankenštajn" -

he was trained as a Chaucer scholar,

proučavao je Čosera,

but he was born in Transylvania

ali rođen je u Transilvaniji

and I think it affected him a little bit.

i mislim da je to malo uticalo na njega.

At any rate, at one point my brother-in-law, Leonard,

U svakom slučaju, u jednom trenutku moj zet, Leonard,

decided to write a book about a serial killer.

odlučuje da napiše knjigu o jednom serijskom ubici.

This is a man who terrorized the very vicinity we're in

To je čovek koji je terorisao upravo okruženje u kom se nalazimo,

pre mnogo godina.

many years ago. He was known as the Santa Cruz strangler.

Bio je poznat kao davitelj iz Santa Kruza.

And before he was arrested, he had murdered his grandparents,

Pre nego što je uhapšen ubio je svoju babu i dedu,

his mother and five co-eds at UC Santa Cruz.

svoju majku i pet studentkinja sa Santa Kruz univerziteta u Kaliforniji.

I tako moj zet ide da intervjuiše ovog serijskog ubicu

So my brother-in-law goes to interview this killer

and he realizes when he meets him

i shvata, kada ga upoznaje

da je ovaj tip apsolutno zastrašujuć.

that this guy is absolutely terrifying.

Za početak, visok je preko dva metra.

For one thing, he's almost seven feet tall.

But that's not the most terrifying thing about him.

Ali to nije najstrašnije u vezi sa njim.

The scariest thing is that his IQ is 160: a certified genius.

Najstrašnija stvar je ta da je njegov IQ 160: osvedočeni genije.

Ali korelacija između IQ i emocionalne empatije,

But there is zero correlation between IQ and emotional empathy,

feeling with the other person.

osećanja sa drugom osobom, je nula.

They're controlled by different parts of the brain.

Kontrolišu ih različiti delovi mozga.

I u jednom trenutku moj zet skupi hrabrost

So at one point, my brother-in-law gets up the courage

da postavi to jedno pitanje na koje stvarno želi da sazna odgovor.

to ask the one question he really wants to know the answer to,

and that is: how could you have done it?

A to je: kako si mogao to da uradiš?

Didn't you feel any pity for your victims?

Zar nisi osećao nimalo sažaljenja prema svojim žrtvama?

These were very intimate murders -- he strangled his victims.

To su bila veoma intimna ubistva - on je zadavio svoje žrtve.

And the strangler says very matter-of-factly,

I davitelj kaže vrlo činjenično,

"Oh no. If I'd felt the distress, I could not have done it.

"O, ne. Da sam osećao patnju, ne bih mogao to da uradim.

I had to turn that part of me off. I had to turn that part of me off."

Morao sam da isključim taj deo sebe.

Morao sam da isključim taj deo sebe."

And I think that that is very troubling,

I mislim

da je upravo to veoma uznemiravajuće.

I na neki način sam razmišljao o isključivanju tog našeg dela.

and in a sense, I've been reflecting on turning that part of us off.

When we focus on ourselves in any activity,

Kad se fokusiramo na sebe u bilo kojoj aktivnosti,

mi stvarno isključimo taj deo sebe ako je tu neka druga osoba.

we do turn that part of ourselves off if there's another person.

Pomislite na odlazak u kupovinu

Think about going shopping and think about the possibilities

i pomislite na mogućnosti

of a compassionate consumerism.

saosećajnog konzumerizma.

Right now, as Bill McDonough has pointed out,

U ovom trenutku, kako je Bil MekDana istakao,

the objects that we buy and use have hidden consequences.

predmeti koje kupujemo i koristimo imaju skrivene posledice.

We're all unwitting victims of a collective blind spot.

Svi smo nenamerne žrtve kolektivne slepe mrlje.

Ne primećujemo i ne primećujemo da ne primećujemo

We don't notice and don't notice that we don't notice

the toxic molecules emitted by a carpet or by the fabric on the seats.

toksične molekule koje ispušta neki tepih ili tkanina sa sedišta.

Ili ne znamo da li je ta tkanina

Or we don't know if that fabric is a technological

tehnološki ili fabrički hranljiva;

or manufacturing nutrient; it can be reused

da li se može ponovo koristiti

or does it just end up at landfill? In other words,

ili jednostavno završi na deponiji?

Drugim rečima, nismo svesni ekološkog i javnog zdravlja

we're oblivious to the ecological and public health

i socijalnih i ekonomskih posledica

and social and economic justice consequences

of the things we buy and use.

stvari koje kupujemo i koristimo.

Na neki način, sama soba je slon u sobi,

In a sense, the room itself is the elephant in the room,

but we don't see it. And we've become victims

ali mi ga ne vidimo.

I postali smo žrtve

of a system that points us elsewhere. Consider this.

sistema koji nas usmerava na druge strane.

Razmislite o ovome.

There's a wonderful book called

Postoji izvanredna knjiga koja se zove

"Stvari: skriveni život svakodnevnih predmeta".

Stuff: The Hidden Life of Everyday Objects.

And it talks about the back story of something like a t-shirt.

I govori o poreklu na primer majice.

And it talks about where the cotton was grown

Govori o tome gde je pamuk uzgajan

and the fertilizers that were used and the consequences

i o đubrivima koja su korišćena

for soil of that fertilizer. And it mentions, for instance,

i posledicama koje imaju na tlo.

I spominje, na primer,

that cotton is very resistant to textile dye;

da je pamuk veoma otporan na boju za tekstil;

about 60 percent washes off into wastewater.

otprilike 60 procenata se ispere i ode u otpadnu vodu.

And it's well known by epidemiologists that kids

A epidemiolozi veoma dobro znaju da deca

who live near textile works tend to have high rates of leukemia.

koja žive blizu tekstilnih fabrika često obolevaju od leukemije.

There's a company, Bennett and Company, that supplies Polo.com,

Ima jedna kompanija, "Bennett and Company"

koja snabdeva Polo.com,

Victoria's Secret -- they, because of their CEO, who's aware of this,

Victoria's Secret -

oni su, zbog svog generalnog direktora koji je svestan ovoga,

in China formed a joint venture with their dye works

osnovali u Kini zajedničku firmu sa svojim proizvođačima boje

to make sure that the wastewater

kako bi osigurali da se otpadne vode

would be properly taken care of before it returned to the groundwater.

prečiste na odgovarajući način pre nego što se vrate u podzemne vode.

Right now, we don't have the option to choose the virtuous t-shirt

Trenutno nemamo mogućnost da izaberemo plemenite majice

nad ne-plemenitim.

over the non-virtuous one. So what would it take to do that?

Šta bi bilo potrebno da bi se to ostvarilo?

Well, I've been thinking. For one thing,

Razmišljao sam o tome.

Za početak, postoji nova tehnologija elektronskog obeležavanja

there's a new electronic tagging technology that allows any store

koja omogućava bilo kojoj prodavnici

to know the entire history of any item on the shelves in that store.

da zna celokupnu istoriju svakog predmeta koji se nalazi na policama u toj radnji.

Možete ga pratiti unazad sve do fabrike.

You can track it back to the factory. Once you can track it

Kada saznate iz koje je fabrike,

back to the factory, you can look at the manufacturing processes

možete saznati na koji način je proizveden,

that were used to make it, and if it's virtuous,

i ako je prihvatljiv

you can label it that way. Or if it's not so virtuous,

možete ga tako označiti.

Ili ako nije prihvatljiv, možete otići u bilo koju radnju danas

you can go into -- today, go into any store,

put your scanner on a palm onto a barcode,

i skenirati bar kod

which will take you to a website.

koji će vas odvesti na vebsajt.

They have it for people with allergies to peanuts.

To postoji zbog ljudi koji su alergični na kikiriki.

Taj sajt će vam dati podatke o tom predmetu.

That website could tell you things about that object.

Drugim rečima, u trenutku kupovine

In other words, at point of purchase,

we might be able to make a compassionate choice.

moći ćemo saosećajno da biramo.

There's a saying in the world of information science:

Postoji jedna izreka u informatičkom svetu:

ultimately everybody will know everything.

na kraju krajeva, svi će znati sve.

And the question is: will it make a difference?

A pitanje je: da li će to nešto promeniti?

Some time ago when I was working for The New York Times,

Ranije dok sam radio za "Njujork Tajms",

it was in the '80s, I did an article

bilo je to osamdesetih, napisao sam članak

on what was then a new problem in New York --

o onome što je tada bio novi problem u Njujorku -

it was homeless people on the streets.

o beskućnicima na ulicama.

And I spent a couple of weeks going around with a social work agency

Proveo sam dve nedelje idući okolo sa socijalnim radnicima

that ministered to the homeless. And I realized seeing the homeless

koji su pomagali beskućnicima.

Gledajući beskućnike njihovim očima,

through their eyes that almost all of them were psychiatric patients

shvatio sam da su to većinom psihijatrijski pacijenti

that had nowhere to go. They had a diagnosis. It made me --

koji nisu imali kuda da odu.

Imali su dijagnozu.

To me je protreslo iz urbanog transa u kom,

what it did was to shake me out of the urban trance where,

kada u prolazu vidimo nekoga ko je beskućnik,

when we see, when we're passing someone who's homeless

in the periphery of our vision, it stays on the periphery.

on ostaje na periferiji našeg vida.

Ne primećujemo i stoga ni ne reagujemo.

We don't notice and therefore we don't act.

One day soon after that -- it was a Friday -- at the end of the day,

Jednog dana ubrzo posle toga - bio je petak, kraj dana,

I went down -- I was going down to the subway. It was rush hour

silazio sam u podzemnu železnicu.

Bio je špic i hiljade ljudi je jurilo niz stepenice.

and thousands of people were streaming down the stairs.

And all of a sudden as I was going down the stairs

Dok sam silazio,

I noticed that there was a man slumped to the side,

odjednom sam primetio da neki čovek čuči sa strane,

shirtless, not moving, and people were just stepping over him --

bez majice, ne pomera se,

a ljudi samo prelaze preko njega -

stotine i stotine ljudi.

hundreds and hundreds of people.

I pošto je moj urbani trans bio oslabljen,

And because my urban trance had been somehow weakened,

I found myself stopping to find out what was wrong.

zastao sam da vidim šta nije u redu.

U momentu kad sam se zaustavio, još šestoro drugih ljudi

The moment I stopped, half a dozen other people

immediately ringed the same guy.

je primetilo tog čoveka.

Saznali smo da je Hispano, nije uopšte znao engleski,

And we found out that he was Hispanic, he didn't speak any English,

he had no money, he'd been wandering the streets for days, starving,

nije imao para, lutao je ulicama danima, izgladneo,

and he'd fainted from hunger.

i onesvestio se od gladi.

Immediately someone went to get orange juice,

U trenutku je neko doneo sok,

someone brought a hotdog, someone brought a subway cop.

neko je doneo hotdog, neko je pozvao policajca.

This guy was back on his feet immediately.

Čovek je ubrzo ponovo bio na nogama.

But all it took was that simple act of noticing,

A samo je bilo potrebno primetiti.

I zato sam optimističan.

and so I'm optimistic.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)