Daniel Goleman: Why arent we all Good Samaritans?

Translator: Milan Markovic Reviewer: Sandra Gojic

You know, I'm struck by how one of the implicit themes of TED

Znate, iznenađen sam time što je saosjećajnonst jedna od implicitnih tema TED-a.

is compassion, these very moving demonstrations we've just seen:

Veoma potresne demonstracije koje smo vidjeli:

HIV in Africa, President Clinton last night.

HIV u Africi, predsjednik Klinton sinoć...

And I'd like to do a little collateral thinking, if you will,

Htio bih da pridodam malo kolateralnog razmišljanja,

about compassion and bring it from the global level to the personal.

o saosjećanju i da ga spustim sa globalnog na jedan niži (lični) nivo.

I'm a psychologist, but rest assured,

Ja sam psiholog, ali budite uvjereni,

I will not bring it to the scrotal.

da ga nećemo spuštati ispod pojasa.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

There was a very important study done a while ago

Nedavno je urađena jedna studija

at Princeton Theological Seminary that speaks to why it is

na Princeton Theological Seminary koja govori o tome zašto

that when all of us have so many opportunities to help,

iako nam se pružaju mnogobrojne mogućnosti da pomognemo,

we do sometimes, and we don't other times.

nekad to činimo, a nekad ne.

A group of divinity students at the Princeton Theological Seminary

Grupi studenata teologije na Princeton Theological Seminary

were told that they were going to give a practice sermon

dodijeljeno je da održe po jednu propovijed

and they were each given a sermon topic.

na zadatu temu.

Half of those students were given, as a topic,

Polovini ovih studenata je zadata

the parable of the Good Samaritan:

parabola dobrog Samarićanina

the man who stopped the stranger in --

čovjeka koji bi zastao

to help the stranger in need by the side of the road.

da pomogne strancu u nevolji pokraj puta.

Half were given random Bible topics.

Drugoj polovini su zadate nasumične bibilijske teme.

Then one by one, they were told they had to go to another building

Onda je jednom po jednom rečeno da odu u drugu zgradu

and give their sermon.

i tamo održe svoju propovijed.

As they went from the first building to the second,

Na putu do druge zgrade,

each of them passed a man who was bent over and moaning,

svi oni bi prošli pored pognutog čovjeka koji stenje,

clearly in need. The question is: Did they stop to help?

čovjeku kojem očigledno treba pomoć. Pitanje je: da li su stali da pomognu?

The more interesting question is:

Još interesantnije pitanje je:

Did it matter they were contemplating the parable

Da li je to imalo ikakve veze sa tim što su razmišljali o paraboli

of the Good Samaritan? Answer: No, not at all.

o dobrom Samarićaninu. Odgovor: Ne, uopšte.

What turned out to determine whether someone would stop

Ispostavilo se da je o tome da li će stati

and help a stranger in need

i pomoći strancu u nevolji

was how much of a hurry they thought they were in --

odlučilo u kolikoj su se se žurbi našli -

were they feeling they were late, or were they absorbed

da li su osjećali da kasne, ili su utonuli

in what they were going to talk about.

u temu o kojoj su trebali govoriti.

And this is, I think, the predicament of our lives:

Mislim da je ovo tvrdnja naših života:

that we don't take every opportunity to help

ne iskorištavamo svaku priliku da pomognemo,

because our focus is in the wrong direction.

jer je fokus naše pažnje pogrešno usmjeren.

There's a new field in brain science, social neuroscience.

Postoji nova oblast neurologije - socijalna neurologija.

This studies the circuitry in two people's brains

Oni proučavaju električnu spregu u mozgovima dvije osobe

that activates while they interact.

koja je aktivna kada oni interaguju.

And the new thinking about compassion from social neuroscience

I novo, neurološko, poimanje saosjećajnosti

is that our default wiring is to help.

je da je podrazumijevano pomoći.

That is to say, if we attend to the other person,

Što će reći, ako se posvetimo drugoj osobi

we automatically empathize, we automatically feel with them.

automatski osjećamo empatiju, automatski saosjećamo.

There are these newly identified neurons, mirror neurons,

Postoje tri novoidentifikovana neurona - neuroni ogledala,

that act like a neuro Wi-Fi, activating in our brain

koji se ponašaju kao neuro Wi-Fi, aktivirajući u našem mozgu

exactly the areas activated in theirs. We feel "with" automatically.

iste oblasti koje su aktivne u mozgu sagovornika. Mi "sa"-osjećamo automatski.

And if that person is in need, if that person is suffering,

I ako je osoba sa kojom komuniciramo u nevolji, ako pati,

we're automatically prepared to help. At least that's the argument.

mi smo automatski spremni da pomognemo. Barem je takva tvrdnja.

But then the question is: Why don't we?

Ali onda se postavlja pitanje: Zašto ne mi?

And I think this speaks to a spectrum

I ja mislim da ovo govori spektru

that goes from complete self-absorption,

koji ide od kompletne samo-preokupiranosti

to noticing, to empathy and to compassion.

do primjećivanja, empatiziranja i saosjećanja.

And the simple fact is, if we are focused on ourselves,

I prosta činjenica je da, ako smo preokupirani sobom,

if we're preoccupied, as we so often are throughout the day,

ako smo prezauzeti, kao što i jesmo tokom dana,

we don't really fully notice the other.

mi zaista i ne primjećujemo druge.

And this difference between the self and the other focus

I u ta razlika između fokusa na sebi i drugima

can be very subtle.

može biti vrlo suptilna.

I was doing my taxes the other day, and I got to the point

Prije neki dan sam sređivao porezske papire, i došao sam do tačke

where I was listing all of the donations I gave,

gdje je potrebno napisati sve donacije koje sam dao,

and I had an epiphany, it was -- I came to my check

u tom trenutku osjetih otkrovenje - naišao sam na ček

to the Seva Foundation and I noticed that I thought,

Seva fondaciji i sjetih se, čovječe

boy, my friend Larry Brilliant would really be happy

moj prijatelj Leri Brilijant bi bio oduševljen

that I gave money to Seva.

ako bih dao novac Sevi.

Then I realized that what I was getting from giving

Onda sam shvatio šta sam dobio dajući

was a narcissistic hit -- that I felt good about myself.

narcistično zadovoljstvo - osjećao sam se dobro.

Then I started to think about the people in the Himalayas

Onda sam počeo da razmišljam o ljudima u Himalajima

whose cataracts would be helped, and I realized

koji bi dobili operaciju katarakte, i shvatio sam

that I went from this kind of narcissistic self-focus

da sam prošao put od ove narcistične samo-preokupiranosti

to altruistic joy, to feeling good

u altruističku radost, osjećanje blagosti

for the people that were being helped. I think that's a motivator.

prema ljudima kojima će biti pružena pomoć. Mislim da je ovo veliki motivator.

But this distinction between focusing on ourselves

Ali razlika između fokusiranja na sebe

and focusing on others

i fokusiranja na druge

is one that I encourage us all to pay attention to.

je razlika na koju treba obratiti pažnju.

You can see it at a gross level in the world of dating.

Možete ovo vidjeti u velikim količinama u svijetu zabavljanja.

I was at a sushi restaurant a while back

Bio sam skoro u suši restoranu

and I overheard two women talking about the brother of one woman,

i načuo sam dvije žene kako govore o bratu jedne od njih,

who was in the singles scene. And this woman says,

koji je bio neženja. I ova žena kaže,

"My brother is having trouble getting dates,

"Moj brat ima problema da nađe djevojku za izlazak,

so he's trying speed dating." I don't know if you know speed dating?

pa je otišao na jedan od onih speed-dating sastanaka". Ne znam da li vam je taj pojam poznat?

Women sit at tables and men go from table to table,

Žene sjede za stolovima i muškarci idu od stola do stola,

and there's a clock and a bell, and at five minutes, bingo,

i na svakom stolu stoji tajmer. Kada prođe pet minuta BINGO

the conversation ends and the woman can decide

razgovor se završava i žena može da odluči

whether to give her card or her email address to the man

da li će da dâ svoj broj ili email adresu muškarcu.

for follow up. And this woman says,

I, kako ova žena kaže,

"My brother's never gotten a card, and I know exactly why.

"Moj brat nikad nije dobio broj telefona. I ja znam upravo zašto.

The moment he sits down, he starts talking non-stop about himself;

Onoga trenutka kad sjedne za sto, on počne da non-stop govori o sebi,

he never asks about the woman."

ne zanima ga njegova sagovornica."

And I was doing some research in the Sunday Styles section

I istraživao sam u Sunday Styles sekciji

of The New York Times, looking at the back stories of marriages --

New York Timesa, tražeći priče o brakovima --

because they're very interesting -- and I came to the marriage

zato što su veoma interesantne -- i stigao sam do braka

of Alice Charney Epstein. And she said

Alice Charney Epstein. I ona kaže

that when she was in the dating scene,

da kad se zabavljala,

she had a simple test she put people to.

ona je imala jednostavan test za svoje partnere.

The test was: from the moment they got together,

Test je bilo koliko vremena prođe od trenutka kad se vide,

how long it would take the guy to ask her a question

dok on nešto ne upita

with the word "you" in it.

sa riječju "ti" u rečenici.

And apparently Epstein aced the test, therefore the article.

I, očigledno, Epstein je položio test - odatle i članak.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

Now this is a -- it's a little test

Ne, to je.. -- samo jedan mali test

I encourage you to try out at a party.

isprobajte ga na žurkama.

Here at TED there are great opportunities.

Ovdje na TEDu ima dosta dobrih prilika.

The Harvard Business Review recently had an article called

Harvard Business Review je skoro objavio članak nazvan

"The Human Moment," about how to make real contact

"Ljudski moment", o tome kako se uspostavlja pravi kontakt

with a person at work. And they said, well,

sa osobom na poslu. I oni kažu da

the fundamental thing you have to do is turn off your BlackBerry,

je fundamentalna stvar koju treba da uradite je da isključite BlackBerry,

close your laptop, end your daydream

zatvorite laptop, probudite se iz sanjarenja

and pay full attention to the person.

i posvetite pažnju osobi.

There is a newly coined word in the English language

Pojavila se u engleskom jeziku nova kovanica

for the moment when the person we're with whips out their BlackBerry

za trenutak kad osoba sa kojom smo isuče BlackBerry

or answers that cell phone, and all of a sudden we don't exist.

ili se javi na telefon, i kada iznenada nestanemo.

The word is "pizzled": it's a combination of puzzled and pissed off.

Riječ je "pizzled": kombinacija "pizzled" i "pissed off".

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

I think it's quite apt. It's our empathy, it's our tuning in

Mislim da je prilično dobar termin. Naša empatija je ono

which separates us from Machiavellians or sociopaths.

što nas razdvaja od Makijavelista i sociopata.

I have a brother-in-law who's an expert on horror and terror --

Moj zet je ekspert u hororu i teroru --

he wrote the Annotated Dracula, the Essential Frankenstein --

napisao je Anotiranog Drakulu, Osnove Frankenštajna --

he was trained as a Chaucer scholar,

odrastao je na Chauceru,

but he was born in Transylvania

ali je rođen u Transilvaniji

and I think it affected him a little bit.

i mislim da je to malo uticalo na njega.

At any rate, at one point my brother-in-law, Leonard,

U svakom slučaju, u jednom trenutku, moj zet Leonard je

decided to write a book about a serial killer.

odlučio da napiše knjigu o serijskom ubici.

This is a man who terrorized the very vicinity we're in

Ovo je čovjek koji je terorisao u neposrednoj nam blizini

many years ago. He was known as the Santa Cruz strangler.

prije mnogo godina. Bio je poznat kao Davitelj iz Santa Cruza.

And before he was arrested, he had murdered his grandparents,

I prije no je uhapšen, ubio je svoju babu, svog dedu,

his mother and five co-eds at UC Santa Cruz.

majku i pet kolega na UC Santa Cruz.

So my brother-in-law goes to interview this killer

Moj brat ode da intervjuiše ovog ubicu

and he realizes when he meets him

i shvati, kad ga je upoznao

that this guy is absolutely terrifying.

da je ovaj lik apsolutno zastrašujući.

For one thing, he's almost seven feet tall.

Za početak čovjek ima preko dva metra.

But that's not the most terrifying thing about him.

Ali ovo nije najstrašnija stvar na njemu.

The scariest thing is that his IQ is 160: a certified genius.

Najstrašnije je to što je njegov IQ 160: potvrđeni genije.

But there is zero correlation between IQ and emotional empathy,

Ali nema korelacije između inteligencije i emocionalne empatije,

feeling with the other person.

saosjećanja sa drugima.

They're controlled by different parts of the brain.

Oni se nalaze u različitim djelovima mozga.

So at one point, my brother-in-law gets up the courage

U jednom trenutku, moj zet skupi snagu

to ask the one question he really wants to know the answer to,

da pita jedno pitanje koje ga je zaista interesovalo.

and that is: how could you have done it?

A to je: "Kako si mogao?"

Didn't you feel any pity for your victims?

"Osjećaš li imalo sažaljenja prema svojim žrtvama?"

These were very intimate murders -- he strangled his victims.

Davitelji su veoma intimne ubice.

And the strangler says very matter-of-factly,

I davitelj odgovara, vrlo činjenično,

"Oh no. If I'd felt the distress, I could not have done it.

"O, ne. Da sam osjetio bol ne bih mogao to da učinim.

I had to turn that part of me off. I had to turn that part of me off."

Morao sam taj dio da isključim. Morao sam taj dio da isključim."

And I think that that is very troubling,

Mislim da je to veoma zabrinjavajuće.

and in a sense, I've been reflecting on turning that part of us off.

U neku ruku, razmišljao sam o tome kako i mi to činimo.

When we focus on ourselves in any activity,

Kada se preokupiramo sobom u nekoj aktivnosti,

we do turn that part of ourselves off if there's another person.

mi zaista isključujemo taj dio ako postoji druga osoba.

Think about going shopping and think about the possibilities

Razmišljajte o odlasku u trgovinu i mislite o mogućnosti

of a compassionate consumerism.

saosjećajnog potrošača.

Right now, as Bill McDonough has pointed out,

Sada, kako je BIll McDonough pokazao,

the objects that we buy and use have hidden consequences.

stvari koje kupujemo imaju skrivene konsekvence.

We're all unwitting victims of a collective blind spot.

Svi mi smo nenamjerne žrtve kolektivne slijepe mrlje.

We don't notice and don't notice that we don't notice

Ne primjećujemo i ne primjećujemo da ne primjećujemo

the toxic molecules emitted by a carpet or by the fabric on the seats.

toksične molekulie koje ispušta tepih ili presvlake na sjedištima.

Or we don't know if that fabric is a technological

Ili ne znamo je li ta tkanina tehnološki

or manufacturing nutrient; it can be reused

ili fabrički nutrijent; može li se ponovo iskoristiti

or does it just end up at landfill? In other words,

ili završi na deponijama? Drugačije rečeno,

we're oblivious to the ecological and public health

ne razmišljamo o ekološkom i javnom zdravlju

and social and economic justice consequences

i društveno-ekonomskim posljedicama

of the things we buy and use.

stvari koje kupujemo.

In a sense, the room itself is the elephant in the room,

U neku ruku, sama soba je slon u sobi,

but we don't see it. And we've become victims

ali mi ga ne vidimo. I postajemo žrtve

of a system that points us elsewhere. Consider this.

sistema koji nas upućuje na pogrešnu stranu. Razmislite o ovom.

There's a wonderful book called

Ima jedna divna knjiga koja se zove

Stuff: The Hidden Life of Everyday Objects.

Stvari: Skriveni život svakodnevnih objekata.

And it talks about the back story of something like a t-shirt.

Ov knjiga govori o priči koja stoji iza nečega kao što je majica.

And it talks about where the cotton was grown

Govori o tome gdje je uzgajan pamuk

and the fertilizers that were used and the consequences

đubriva koja su korišćena i posljedice

for soil of that fertilizer. And it mentions, for instance,

koje je imalo na zemljište. Spominje se, na primjer,

that cotton is very resistant to textile dye;

da je pamuk jako otporan na tekstilne boje;

about 60 percent washes off into wastewater.

oko 60 posto se ispere i ode u kanalizaciju.

And it's well known by epidemiologists that kids

A poznato je mnogim epidemiolozima da djeca

who live near textile works tend to have high rates of leukemia.

koja žive blizu tekstilne industrije često boluju od leukemije.

There's a company, Bennett and Company, that supplies Polo.com,

Bennet and Company, koja snabdijeva Polo.com,

Victoria's Secret -- they, because of their CEO, who's aware of this,

Victoria's Secret - oni, zato što je njihov direktor, koji je svjestan ovoga,

in China formed a joint venture with their dye works

u Kini je formirao zajedničku firmu sa njihovim proizvođačima boje

to make sure that the wastewater

da se postara da njihove otpadne vode

would be properly taken care of before it returned to the groundwater.

budu propisno prečišćene prije nego se vrate u rijeke.

Right now, we don't have the option to choose the virtuous t-shirt

Za sada nam nije pružena mogućnost da izaberemo plemenite majice

over the non-virtuous one. So what would it take to do that?

nad ne-plemenitim. Šta bi bilo potrebno da se tako nešto ostvari?

Well, I've been thinking. For one thing,

Pa, razmišljao sam o tome. Kao prvo,

there's a new electronic tagging technology that allows any store

postoji nova elektronska tehnologija taovanja koja omogućava da bilo koja radnja

to know the entire history of any item on the shelves in that store.

zna cijelu istoriju bilo kojeg artikla na rafovima.

You can track it back to the factory. Once you can track it

Možete da pratite prozivod do fabrike. Kada to uradite

back to the factory, you can look at the manufacturing processes

možete pogledati proces proizvodnje

that were used to make it, and if it's virtuous,

i ako je proces proizvodnje prihvatljiv

you can label it that way. Or if it's not so virtuous,

možete je označiti kao takvu. Ako to nije slučaj

you can go into -- today, go into any store,

možete otići -- danas, možete otići u bilo koju radnju,

put your scanner on a palm onto a barcode,

skenirati bar kod

which will take you to a website.

koji vas odvede na sajt.

They have it for people with allergies to peanuts.

To već postoji za ljude sa alergijom na kikiriki.

That website could tell you things about that object.

Taj sajt vam može pružiti informacije o tom objektu.

In other words, at point of purchase,

Drugim riječima, na mjestu kupovine,

we might be able to make a compassionate choice.

možemo napraviti čin saosjećanja.

There's a saying in the world of information science:

Postoji izreka u svijetu informacionih tehnologija

ultimately everybody will know everything.

na kraju krajeva svi će znati sve.

And the question is: will it make a difference?

A pitanje je: Hoće li to promijeniti nešto?

Some time ago when I was working for The New York Times,

Nekada davno, kada sam radio za New York Times,

it was in the '80s, I did an article

bilo je to osamdesetih, napisao sam članak

on what was then a new problem in New York --

o tome šta je novi problem New Yorka --

it was homeless people on the streets.

to su bili beskućnici na ulicama.

And I spent a couple of weeks going around with a social work agency

I proveo sam par nedjelja prateći socijalne radnike

that ministered to the homeless. And I realized seeing the homeless

koji su pomagali beskućnicima. I shvatio sam da vidjevši te ljude

through their eyes that almost all of them were psychiatric patients

njihovim očima da su većina njih psihijatrijski pacijenti

that had nowhere to go. They had a diagnosis. It made me --

koji nisu imali kuda otići. Imali su dijagnozu.

what it did was to shake me out of the urban trance where,

To me je probudilo iz urbanog transa u kojem sam se nalazio,

when we see, when we're passing someone who's homeless

kada vidimo u prolazu nekoga koje beskućnik

in the periphery of our vision, it stays on the periphery.

ono što je u periferalnom vidu ostaje tamo.

We don't notice and therefore we don't act.

Ne primjećujemo i stoga ne djelamo.

One day soon after that -- it was a Friday -- at the end of the day,

Nekoliko dana kasnije -- bio je petak -- na kraju dana,

I went down -- I was going down to the subway. It was rush hour

sišao sam u metro. Bio je špic

and thousands of people were streaming down the stairs.

hiljade ljudi je jurilo niz stepenice.

And all of a sudden as I was going down the stairs

Iznenada, dok sam silazio niz stepenice

I noticed that there was a man slumped to the side,

primijetio sam čovjeka onesviješćenog po strani,

shirtless, not moving, and people were just stepping over him --

bez majice, bez pokreta, i ljude koji su ga naprosto gazili --

hundreds and hundreds of people.

stotine i stotine ljudi.

And because my urban trance had been somehow weakened,

I pošto je moj gradski trans bio malčiče oslabljen,

I found myself stopping to find out what was wrong.

zastao sam da pomognem.

The moment I stopped, half a dozen other people

Čim sam stao još desetak drugih ljudi

immediately ringed the same guy.

priteklo je u pomoć

And we found out that he was Hispanic, he didn't speak any English,

Saznali smo da je Hispano, nije govorio engleski,

he had no money, he'd been wandering the streets for days, starving,

nije imao para, lutao je ulicama danima, gladujući,

and he'd fainted from hunger.

i onesvijestio se od gladi.

Immediately someone went to get orange juice,

Istog trenutka neko je otišao da donese sok,

someone brought a hotdog, someone brought a subway cop.

neko je kupio hot dog, a neko je doveo policajca na dužnosti.

This guy was back on his feet immediately.

Čovjek je bio na nogama u istom trenutku.

But all it took was that simple act of noticing,

A sve što je bilo potrebno je primijetiti.

and so I'm optimistic.

I zato sam optimističan.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(aplauz)