Daniel Goleman: Why arent we all Good Samaritans?

Prevoditelj: Mladen Barešić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

You know, I'm struck by how one of the implicit themes of TED

Znate, iznenadilo me da je jedna od implicitnih tema TED-a - sućut.

is compassion, these very moving demonstrations we've just seen:

Upravo smo vidjeli vrlo dirljiva predstavljanja:

HIV in Africa, President Clinton last night.

HIV u Africi, predsjednik Clinton sinoć.

And I'd like to do a little collateral thinking, if you will,

Ako se slažete, volio bih da pokušamo lateralno razmišljati

about compassion and bring it from the global level to the personal.

o sućuti, i s globalne je razine dovedemo na osobnu.

I'm a psychologist, but rest assured,

Ja sam psiholog, ali ne brinite,

I will not bring it to the scrotal.

nećemo o falusima.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

There was a very important study done a while ago

Nedavno je provedeno vrlo važno istraživanje

at Princeton Theological Seminary that speaks to why it is

na Princetonskom bogoslovnom fakultetu, koje nam govori o tome zašto,

that when all of us have so many opportunities to help,

iako svi imamo toliko prilika da nekome pomognemo,

we do sometimes, and we don't other times.

katkad to činimo, a katkad ne.

A group of divinity students at the Princeton Theological Seminary

Skupini studenata na Princetonskom teološkom fakultetu

were told that they were going to give a practice sermon

rečeno je da će za vježbu održati propovijed

and they were each given a sermon topic.

i svakome je bila zadana tema propovijedi.

Half of those students were given, as a topic,

¸Polovici studenata zadana je tema

the parable of the Good Samaritan:

prispodobe o milosrdnom Samaritancu:

the man who stopped the stranger in --

o čovjeku koji je zastao kako bi neznancu u --

to help the stranger in need by the side of the road.

kako bi pomogao neznancu u potrebi, kraj ceste.

Half were given random Bible topics.

Polovici su slučajnim odabirom zadane biblijske teme.

Then one by one, they were told they had to go to another building

Zatim im je, jednom po jednom, rečeno da idu u drugu zgradu

and give their sermon.

i održe svoje propovijedi.

As they went from the first building to the second,

Dok su iz prve zgrade prelazili u drugu,

each of them passed a man who was bent over and moaning,

svaki je od njih prošao pokraj čovjeka, pognutog i stenjućeg,

clearly in need. The question is: Did they stop to help?

nesumnjivo u potrebi. Pitanje je: Jesu li zastali da bi mu pomogli?

The more interesting question is:

Još je zanimljivije pitanje:

Did it matter they were contemplating the parable

Je li bilo bitno to što su razmatrali prispodobu

of the Good Samaritan? Answer: No, not at all.

o milosrdnom Samaritancu? Odgovor: Ne, uopće ne.

What turned out to determine whether someone would stop

Ono što se ispostavilo važnim u tome hoće li netko zastati

and help a stranger in need

i pomoći neznancu u potrebi

was how much of a hurry they thought they were in --

bilo je to u kojoj su mjeri oni smatrali da su u žurbi --

were they feeling they were late, or were they absorbed

Jesu li imali osjećaj da kasne, ili su bili obuzeti

in what they were going to talk about.

razmišljanjem o onome o čemu će govoriti?

And this is, I think, the predicament of our lives:

I to je, po mom mišljenju, manje lijepo obilježje naših života:

that we don't take every opportunity to help

ne koristimo svaku prigodu da bismo pomogli,

because our focus is in the wrong direction.

jer nam je fokus u pogrešnom smjeru.

There's a new field in brain science, social neuroscience.

U znanosti o mozgu nalazimo novo polje - socijalnu neuroznanost.

This studies the circuitry in two people's brains

Ona proučava sklopove u mozgovima dvoje ljudi,

that activates while they interact.

koji se aktiviraju tijekom njihove interakcije.

And the new thinking about compassion from social neuroscience

Nova razmišljanja o sućuti, što potječu iz socijalne neuroznanosti,

is that our default wiring is to help.

kažu da smo u osnovi podešeni da pomažemo drugima.

That is to say, if we attend to the other person,

Drugim riječima, obratimo li se drugoj osobi,

we automatically empathize, we automatically feel with them.

istog trenutka postajemo empatični, suosjećamo s njima.

There are these newly identified neurons, mirror neurons,

Postoje ti novootkriveni neuroni, zrcalni neuroni,

that act like a neuro Wi-Fi, activating in our brain

koji djeluju kao neurološki Wi-Fi, aktivirajući u našemu mozgu

exactly the areas activated in theirs. We feel "with" automatically.

upravo ona područja koja su aktivirana u njihovom. Istog trenutka suosjećamo.

And if that person is in need, if that person is suffering,

A ako je toj osobi potrebna pomoć, ako ona pati,

we're automatically prepared to help. At least that's the argument.

mi smo joj istog trenutka spremni pomoći. Tako se, barem, tvrdi.

But then the question is: Why don't we?

No, ostaje pitanje: Zašto se ne ponašamo tako?

And I think this speaks to a spectrum

Mislim da ovo govori o spektru

that goes from complete self-absorption,

koji ide od potpune zaokupljenosti sobom,

to noticing, to empathy and to compassion.

do zamjećivanja, do empatije i do sućuti.

And the simple fact is, if we are focused on ourselves,

Jednostavna je činjenica da, fokusiramo li se na sebe,

if we're preoccupied, as we so often are throughout the day,

ako smo prezauzeti kao što često jesmo tijekom dana,

we don't really fully notice the other.

drugoga, zapravo, baš i ne primjećujemo.

And this difference between the self and the other focus

Ova razlika između usmjerenosti na sebe i na drugoga

can be very subtle.

može biti vrlo istančana.

I was doing my taxes the other day, and I got to the point

Neki sam se dan bavio svojim poreznim davanjima i u nekom sam trenutku

where I was listing all of the donations I gave,

pregledavao sve donacije koje sam dao,

and I had an epiphany, it was -- I came to my check

i razotkrilo mi se -- naišao sam na potvrdu uplate

to the Seva Foundation and I noticed that I thought,

Zakladi Seva i primijetio da sam pomislio:

boy, my friend Larry Brilliant would really be happy

Čovječe, moj prijatelj Larry Brilliant bit će doista sretan

that I gave money to Seva.

da sam dao nešto novca Sevi.

Then I realized that what I was getting from giving

Potom sam uvidio da je ono što ja davanjem dobivam

was a narcissistic hit -- that I felt good about myself.

narcistički šut -- sviđam se samom sebi.

Then I started to think about the people in the Himalayas

Zatim sam počeo razmišljati o ljudima na Himalaji

whose cataracts would be helped, and I realized

kojima će se pomoći u vezi s očnim mrenama, i shvatio sam

that I went from this kind of narcissistic self-focus

da sam od svojevrsne narcistične usmjerenosti na sebe

to altruistic joy, to feeling good

došao do nesebične radosti, do toga da se dobro osjećam

for the people that were being helped. I think that's a motivator.

zbog ljudi koji dobivaju što im je potrebno. Mislim da to jest motivirajuće.

But this distinction between focusing on ourselves

No, to razlikovanje između usmjeravanja na same sebe,

and focusing on others

odnosno na druge,

is one that I encourage us all to pay attention to.

ono je na što nas sve pozivam da obratimo pažnju.

You can see it at a gross level in the world of dating.

U većim razmjerima to možete vidjeti u kontekstu ljubavnih spojeva.

I was at a sushi restaurant a while back

Nedavno sam bio u sushi-restoranu

and I overheard two women talking about the brother of one woman,

i načuo sam razgovor dviju žena o bratu jedne od njih,

who was in the singles scene. And this woman says,

samac je bio. I jedna od njih kaže:

"My brother is having trouble getting dates,

"Moj si brat ne može naći djevojku,

so he's trying speed dating." I don't know if you know speed dating?

pa se sad okušava u brzinskim spojevim." Ne znam znate li što je brzinski spoj?

Women sit at tables and men go from table to table,

Žene sjede za stolovima, a muškarci idu od stola do stola;

and there's a clock and a bell, and at five minutes, bingo,

imate sat i zvono, i svakih pet minuta - bingo! -

the conversation ends and the woman can decide

razgovor završava i žena može odlučiti

whether to give her card or her email address to the man

hoće li muškarcu dati svoj telefonski broj ili e-adresu,

for follow up. And this woman says,

kako bi se kasnije mogli čuti. I žena kaže:

"My brother's never gotten a card, and I know exactly why.

"Moj brat nikad nije nabavio nikakav kontakt, i ja točno znam zašto.

The moment he sits down, he starts talking non-stop about himself;

Čim sjedne, on počne non-stop govoriti o sebi!

he never asks about the woman."

Nikad ga ništa o ženi ne zanima."

And I was doing some research in the Sunday Styles section

Istraživao sam nešto podlistak u The New York Timesu -

of The New York Times, looking at the back stories of marriages --

Sunday Styles - proučavajući one zakulisne bračne priče --

because they're very interesting -- and I came to the marriage

jer jako su zanimljive -- Naišao sam na brak

of Alice Charney Epstein. And she said

Alice Charney Epstein. Rekla je

that when she was in the dating scene,

da je, dok je još aktivno izlazila,

she had a simple test she put people to.

koristila jedan jednostavan test.

The test was: from the moment they got together,

Radilo se o sljedećem: od trenutka susreta,

how long it would take the guy to ask her a question

koliko je vremena muškarcu potrebno da joj postavi pitanje

with the word "you" in it.

koje u sebi sadrži riječ "ti".

And apparently Epstein aced the test, therefore the article.

Čini se da je Epstein prošao test s "odličnim", jer otud i članak.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now this is a -- it's a little test

E sad, ovo je mali test

I encourage you to try out at a party.

kojeg biste trebali iskušati na nekoj zabavi.

Here at TED there are great opportunities.

Ovdje, na TED-u, ima sjajnih prilika.

The Harvard Business Review recently had an article called

U Harvard Business Reviewu nedavno je objavljen članak pod nazivom

"The Human Moment," about how to make real contact

"Trenutak ljudskosti"; o tome kako uspostaviti stvaran kontakt

with a person at work. And they said, well,

s osobom na poslu. I rekli su, dakle, da je

the fundamental thing you have to do is turn off your BlackBerry,

osnovno što trebate učiniti - isključiti svoj BlackBerry,

close your laptop, end your daydream

zatvoriti svoj laptop, okončati svoje dnevno sanjarenje,

and pay full attention to the person.

i punu pozornost posvetiti osobi.

There is a newly coined word in the English language

Postoji nova kovanica u engleskom jeziku,

for the moment when the person we're with whips out their BlackBerry

a opisuje trenutak kad osoba s kojom smo u društvu izvuče svoj BlackBerry

or answers that cell phone, and all of a sudden we don't exist.

ili se javi na mobitel, a mi iznenada više ne postojimo.

The word is "pizzled": it's a combination of puzzled and pissed off.

Riječ je - "zbukan". Spoj "zbunjenog" i "nadrkanog".

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I think it's quite apt. It's our empathy, it's our tuning in

Mislim da je vrlo prikladna. Naša empatičnost, naše usklađivanje s drugim,

which separates us from Machiavellians or sociopaths.

ono je što nas razlikuje od makijavelista ili sociopata.

I have a brother-in-law who's an expert on horror and terror --

Moj šogor je stručnjak za stravu i užas.

he wrote the Annotated Dracula, the Essential Frankenstein --

Napisao je Tumačenje Drakule, Suštinu Frankensteina;

he was trained as a Chaucer scholar,

obrazovan je kao tumač Chaucera, ali

but he was born in Transylvania

rođen je u Transilvaniji

and I think it affected him a little bit.

i vjerujem da je to pomalo i utjecalo na njega.

At any rate, at one point my brother-in-law, Leonard,

Kako bilo, u jednom je trenutku moj šogor, Leonard,

decided to write a book about a serial killer.

odlučio napisati knjigu o serijskom ubojici.

This is a man who terrorized the very vicinity we're in

Čovjek je to koji je, prije mnogo godina, terorizirao naš životni prostor.

many years ago. He was known as the Santa Cruz strangler.

Bio je poznat kao "Davitelj iz Santa Cruza".

And before he was arrested, he had murdered his grandparents,

Prije no što je uhićen, ubio je svoju baku i djeda,

his mother and five co-eds at UC Santa Cruz.

svoju majku i petero kolega s Kalifornijskog sveučilišta u Santa Cruzu.

So my brother-in-law goes to interview this killer

Stoga moj šogor odluči intervjuirati tog ubojicu i,

and he realizes when he meets him

u trenutku susreta s njime, shvati

that this guy is absolutely terrifying.

da je taj tip apsolutno zastrašujući.

For one thing, he's almost seven feet tall.

Jedan je razlog taj što je visok gotovo 2.10 m.

But that's not the most terrifying thing about him.

No, to nije i najstrašnije u vezi s njime.

The scariest thing is that his IQ is 160: a certified genius.

Najstrašnije je to što mu je kvocijent inteligencije 160; tip je potvrđeni genij.

But there is zero correlation between IQ and emotional empathy,

Međutim, nulta je korelacija između inteligencije i emocionalne empatije,

feeling with the other person.

suosjećanja s drugom osobom.

They're controlled by different parts of the brain.

Različiti dijelovi mozga ih nadziru.

So at one point, my brother-in-law gets up the courage

U jednom trenutku, moj je šogor smognuo hrabrosti

to ask the one question he really wants to know the answer to,

postaviti mu pitanje na koje je istinski želio znati odgovor,

and that is: how could you have done it?

a to je: "Kako ste to mogli učiniti?

Didn't you feel any pity for your victims?

Niste li osjećali nimalo sažaljenja za svoje žrtve?"

These were very intimate murders -- he strangled his victims.

Bila su to vrlo prisna ubojstva - davio je svoje žrtve.

And the strangler says very matter-of-factly,

A davitelj na to doslovno i činjenično odgovori:

"Oh no. If I'd felt the distress, I could not have done it.

"O, ne. Da sam osjećao stres, ne bih to mogao učiniti.

I had to turn that part of me off. I had to turn that part of me off."

Taj sam dio sebe morao isključiti. Taj sam dio sebe morao isključiti."

And I think that that is very troubling,

Smatram da je to vrlo zabrinjavajuće,

and in a sense, I've been reflecting on turning that part of us off.

i ja sam, na izvjestan način, razmišljao o tom isključivanju dijela sebe.

When we focus on ourselves in any activity,

Kad se usredotočimo na sebe u kakvoj god aktivnosti,

we do turn that part of ourselves off if there's another person.

mi isključujemo taj dio sebe ako je u blizini druga osoba.

Think about going shopping and think about the possibilities

Razmislite o kupnji, i razmislite o mogućnostima

of a compassionate consumerism.

sućutnog konzumerizma.

Right now, as Bill McDonough has pointed out,

Upravo sad, kao što je istaknuo Bill McDonough,

the objects that we buy and use have hidden consequences.

predmeti koje kupujemo i rabimo sadrže skrivene posljedice.

We're all unwitting victims of a collective blind spot.

Svi smo mi nehotične žrtve kolektivne slijepe pjege.

We don't notice and don't notice that we don't notice

Ne primjećujemo i ne primjećujemo da ne primjećujemo

the toxic molecules emitted by a carpet or by the fabric on the seats.

otrovne molekule što ih odašilje tepih ili tkanina na sjedalima.

Or we don't know if that fabric is a technological

Ne znamo je li ta tkanina tehnološki

or manufacturing nutrient; it can be reused

ili proizvodni nutrijent. Može li se ponovno koristiti

or does it just end up at landfill? In other words,

ili jednostavno završava na odlagalištu? Drugim riječima,

we're oblivious to the ecological and public health

nesvjesni smo ekoloških i javnozdravstvenih posljedica,

and social and economic justice consequences

te posljedica po društvenu i ekonomsku pravičnost,

of the things we buy and use.

a što ih uzrokuju predmeti koje kupujemo i rabimo.

In a sense, the room itself is the elephant in the room,

Na neki način, i soba sama je slon u sobi,

but we don't see it. And we've become victims

ali mi to ne vidimo. I postajemo žrtve

of a system that points us elsewhere. Consider this.

sustava koji nam pokazuje u drugom smjeru. Razmislite o sljedećem.

There's a wonderful book called

Ima jedna čudesna knjiga zvana

Stuff: The Hidden Life of Everyday Objects.

Stvari: Skrovit život svakodnevnih predmeta.

And it talks about the back story of something like a t-shirt.

Prikazuje pozadinu nečega poput majice kratkih rukava.

And it talks about where the cotton was grown

Prikazuje gdje je sve pamuk uzgajan,

and the fertilizers that were used and the consequences

i gnojiva koja su korištena, i njihov

for soil of that fertilizer. And it mentions, for instance,

utjecaj na tlo. Spominje se, primjerice,

that cotton is very resistant to textile dye;

da je pamuk vrlo otporan na bojila;

about 60 percent washes off into wastewater.

oko 60% ispire se i dolazi u otpadne vode.

And it's well known by epidemiologists that kids

A epidemiolozi znaju da su djeca

who live near textile works tend to have high rates of leukemia.

koja žive blizu tekstilnih pogona sklonija obolijevanju od leukemije.

There's a company, Bennett and Company, that supplies Polo.com,

Postoji tvrtka - Bennett and Company - koja opskrbljuje Polo.com,

Victoria's Secret -- they, because of their CEO, who's aware of this,

Victoria's Secret. -- oni su, zbog svojeg direktora koji je svjestan ovoga,

in China formed a joint venture with their dye works

u Kini krenuli u zajednički pothvat sa svojim pogonima za proizvodnju bojila

to make sure that the wastewater

kako bi osigurali da će otpadne vode

would be properly taken care of before it returned to the groundwater.

biti primjereno zbrinjavane prije no što se vrate u podzemne vode.

Right now, we don't have the option to choose the virtuous t-shirt

U ovom trenutku, nemamo mogućnosti odabrati majicu izvrsnih svojstava

over the non-virtuous one. So what would it take to do that?

umjesto one bez njih. Što bi onda bilo potrebno za to?

Well, I've been thinking. For one thing,

Razmišljao sam malo. S jedne strane,

there's a new electronic tagging technology that allows any store

postoji nova elektronska tehnologija za obilježavanje, koja svakoj trgovini dopušta

to know the entire history of any item on the shelves in that store.

uvid u čitavu povijest svakog predmeta na njenim policama.

You can track it back to the factory. Once you can track it

Možete ih popratiti unatrag sve do tvornice. Jednom kad u tome uspijete,

back to the factory, you can look at the manufacturing processes

možete sagledati i proizvodne procese

that were used to make it, and if it's virtuous,

korištene u njihovoj izradi, i, ako su izvrsni,

you can label it that way. Or if it's not so virtuous,

možete ih tako i obilježiti. Odnosno, ako nisu toliko izvrsni,

you can go into -- today, go into any store,

možete ući u -- danas -- ući u koju god trgovinu,

put your scanner on a palm onto a barcode,

staviti čitač na dlan i onda na bar-kod,

which will take you to a website.

što će vas odvesti na internetsku stranicu.

They have it for people with allergies to peanuts.

Imaju to za ljude alergične na kikiriki.

That website could tell you things about that object.

Na internetskoj biste stranici mogli naći podatke o tim predmetima.

In other words, at point of purchase,

Drugim riječima, u trenutku kupnje,

we might be able to make a compassionate choice.

mogli bismo biti sposobni i za sućutan izbor.

There's a saying in the world of information science:

Postoji izreka u svijetu informacijskih znanosti:

ultimately everybody will know everything.

U konačnici, svatko će znati sve.

And the question is: will it make a difference?

A pitanje je: Hoće li nam to donijeti išta vrijedno?

Some time ago when I was working for The New York Times,

Prije nekog vremena, dok sam radio za The New York Times -

it was in the '80s, I did an article

bilo je to u 80-ima - napisao sam članak

on what was then a new problem in New York --

o onome što je tad bio novi problem u New Yorku.

it was homeless people on the streets.

Bili su to beskućnici na ulicama.

And I spent a couple of weeks going around with a social work agency

Proveo sam par tjedana hodajući okolo sa socijalnim radnicima

that ministered to the homeless. And I realized seeing the homeless

koji su obilazili beskućnike. Vidjevši beskućnike iz njihove perspektive,

through their eyes that almost all of them were psychiatric patients

shvatio sam da su oni gotovo svi psihijatrijski pacijenti

that had nowhere to go. They had a diagnosis. It made me --

koji nisu imali kamo otići. Imali su dijagnozu.

what it did was to shake me out of the urban trance where,

To me prodrmalo iz mog urbanog transa u kojemu,

when we see, when we're passing someone who's homeless

kad ugledamo nešto, kad prolazimo pokraj nekoga tko živi na ulici,

in the periphery of our vision, it stays on the periphery.

na periferiji našeg vida, on i ostaje na periferiji.

We don't notice and therefore we don't act.

Ne primjećujemo i stoga i ne djelujemo.

One day soon after that -- it was a Friday -- at the end of the day,

Jednog dana nedugo nakon toga - bio je petak - krajem dana,

I went down -- I was going down to the subway. It was rush hour

spuštao sam se u podzemnu; u doba najveće prometne gužve.

and thousands of people were streaming down the stairs.

Tisuće su se ljudi kretale prema stubama.

And all of a sudden as I was going down the stairs

Iznenada, dok sam silazio stubama,

I noticed that there was a man slumped to the side,

zamijetio sam čovjeka koji se stropoštao na stranu,

shirtless, not moving, and people were just stepping over him --

bez košulje, nije se micao, i ljudi su ga samo preskakali --

hundreds and hundreds of people.

stotine i stotine ljudi.

And because my urban trance had been somehow weakened,

Zbog toga što je moj urbani trans bio donekle oslabljen,

I found myself stopping to find out what was wrong.

zastao sam ne bih li otkrio što nije u redu.

The moment I stopped, half a dozen other people

Čim sam ja zastao, 5-6 drugih ljudi

immediately ringed the same guy.

ubrzo je okružilo tog čovjeka.

And we found out that he was Hispanic, he didn't speak any English,

Otkrili smo da je bio hispanskog podrijetla, uopće nije govorio engleski,

he had no money, he'd been wandering the streets for days, starving,

bio je bez novaca, danima je lutao ulicama, gladovao,

and he'd fainted from hunger.

i od gladi se onesvijestio.

Immediately someone went to get orange juice,

Ubrzo je netko otišao po sok od naranče,

someone brought a hotdog, someone brought a subway cop.

netko je donio hrenovku u pecivu, netko doveo policajca.

This guy was back on his feet immediately.

Čovjek je začas ponovno bio na nogama.

But all it took was that simple act of noticing,

Ali, sve što je bilo potrebno bio je taj jednostavan čin zamjećivanja.

and so I'm optimistic.

I stoga sam optimističan.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam najljepša.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)