Toby Shapshak: You don't need an app for that

Prevodilac: Aleksandar Despotovic Lektor: Mile Živković

Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands:

Dignite ruku ako je vaš odgovor na moje pitanje "da".

Who has an iPhone?

Ko ima Ajfon?

Who has an Android phone?

Ko ima Android telefon?

Who has a Blackberry?

Ko ima Blekberi?

Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?

Ko javno priznaje da ima Blekberi?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And let me guess, how many of you,

Koliko vas je, došavši ovde,

when you arrived here, like me, went and bought

poput mene, otišlo i kupilo

a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah?

pripejd SIM karticu? Da?

I'll bet you didn't even know

Kladim se da niste ni znali

you're using African technology.

da koristite afričku tehnologiju.

Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea,

Pripejd je tehnologija, ideja,

pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom

koju je lansirao afrički Vodakom,

a good 15 years ago,

pre dobrih 15 godina.

and now, like franchising,

I sada, poput franšize,

pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces

predstavlja jednu od najdominantnijih sila

of economic activity in the world.

ekonomske aktivnosti u svetu.

So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa,

Pričaću o inovacijama u Africi,

which I think is the purest form,

za koje mislim da su najčistiji vid inovacija,

innovation out of necessity.

inovacije iz potrebe.

But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions.

Ali prvo ću vam postaviti neka pitanja.

You don't have to put your hands up.

Ne morate da dižete ruke.

These are rhetorical.

Ova su retorička.

Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent

Zašto je Nikola Tesla izmislio

the alternating current that powers the lights

naizmeničnu struju koja snabdeva svetla

in this building or the city that we're in?

u ovoj zgradi ili gradu u kome smo?

Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line

Zašto je Henri Ford izmislio proizvodnu traku

to produce these Fords that came in anything

da proizvede kakve god Fordove

as long as they were black?

sve dok su crne boje?

And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos?

Zašto je Erik Merifild izumeo dolose?

Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like,

Tako izgleda dolos

and in the background, you can see Robben Island.

i u pozadini možete videti ostrvo Roben.

This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield

Ovo je mali dolos, i Erik Merifild

is the most famous inventor you've never heard of.

je najpoznatiji pronalazač za koga nikada niste čuli.

In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor

1963, oluja je uništila luku

in a small South African town called East London,

u malom južnoafričkom gradu Ist Londonu.

and while he was watching his kids playing

Dok je gledao svoju decu kako se igraju

with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse,

igračkama napravljenim od kostiju vola, zvanih dolosi,

he had the idea for this.

sinula mu je ideja.

It's a bit like a huge jumping jack,

Izgleda kao velika lutka,

and they have used this in every harbor in the world

i koristili su je u svakoj luci na svetu

as a breakwater.

za razbijanje talasa.

The global shipping economy would not be possible

Svetski transport ne bi bio moguć

without African technology like this.

bez afričke tehnologije poput ove.

So whenever you talk about Africa,

Svaki put kada govorite o Africi

you have to put up this picture of the world from space,

naiđete na ovu sliku sveta iz svemira

and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent."

i neko kaže: "Pogledaj, to je mračan kontinent".

Actually, it isn't.

U stvari, nije.

What it is is a map of innovation.

To je karta inovacije.

And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on.

I veoma je lako uočiti mesta gde se dešavaju novine.

All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't.

Mesta sa dosta struje, to nisu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And the reason it isn't is because everybody's

Razlog tome je taj što svi

watching television or playing Angry Birds.

gledaju televiziju ili igraju "Angry Birds".

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

So where it's happening is in Africa.

To se dešava u Africi.

Now, this is real innovation,

Ovo je prava inovacija.

not the way people have expropriated the word

Tu reč mnogi pogrešno koriste

to talk about launching new products.

da pričaju o novim proizvodima.

This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving.

Ovo je prava inovacija, koju definišem kao rešavanje problema.

People are solving real problems in Africa.

Ljudi rešavaju stvarne probleme u Africi.

Why? Because we have to.

Zašto? Zato što moramo.

Because we have real problems.

Zato što imamo stvarne probleme.

And when we solve real problems for people,

Kada rešimo stvarne probleme za ljude,

we solve them for the rest of the world

rešimo ih i za ostatak sveta

at the same time.

u isto vreme.

So in California, everybody's really excited

U Kaliforniji su svi uzbuđeni

about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone

oko malog, plastičnog kvadrata koji se uključi u telefon

and you can swipe your credit card,

kako bi se provukla kreditna kartica, i svi kažu:

and people say, "We've liberated the credit card

"Oslobodili smo kreditnu karticu od kase."

from the point of sale terminal."

Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card?

Sjajno. Šta će ti uopšte kartica?

In Africa, we've been doing that for years,

U Africi to već radimo godinama,

and we've been doing it on phones like this.

i to na ovakvim telefonima.

This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela,

Ovo sam uslikao na mestu Kitengela,

about an hour south of Nairobi,

oko sat vremena južno od Najrobija.

and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system

Ono što je izuzetno o sistemu plaćanja,

koji se razvio u Africi, zvan M-Pesa,

that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa

is that it works on phones like this.

je da radi na ovakvim telefonima.

It works on every single phone possible,

Radi na svakom telefonu,

because it uses SMS.

zato što koristi SMS.

You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries,

Možete da plaćate račune, da kupujete namirnice,

you can pay your kids' school fees,

da platite dečije račune za školu,

and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials.

i rečeno mi je da možete potplatiti carinike.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Something like 25 million dollars a day

Oko 25 miliona dolara dnevno

is transacted through M-Pesa.

prođe kroz M-Pesu.

Forty percent of Kenya's GDP

Četrdeset procenata BDP Kenije

moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.

se kreće M-Pesom koristeći ovakve telefone.

And you think this is just a feature phone.

Mislili ste da je ovo samo jeftin telefon.

Actually it's the smartphone of Africa.

To je, u stvari, pametan telefon Afrike.

It's also a radio, and it's also a torch,

Takođe je radio, kao i baklja,

and more than anything else,

i više od svega,

it has really superb battery life.

ima izuzetno dugo trajanje baterije.

Why? Because that's what we need.

Zašto? Zato što nam je to potrebno.

We have really severe energy problems in Africa.

Imamo stvarno ozbiljne probleme sa strujom u Africi.

By the way, you can update Facebook

Možete da koristite Fejsbuk

and send Gmail from a phone like this.

i da šaljete mejlove sa ovakvog telefona.

So we have found a way to use

Našli smo način da koristimo

the available technology to send money via M-Pesa,

dostupnu tehnologiju da šaljemo novac preko M-Pese,

which is a bit like a check system

što je poput sistema za čekove

for the mobile age.

za ovo mobilno doba.

I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town.

Poreklom sam iz Johanesburga, rudarskog grada.

It's built on gold.

Sagrađen je na zlatu.

This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier.

Ovo je slika koju sam nedavno postavio na Instagram.

And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile.

Razlika danas je to, što je zlato današnjice mobilni telefon.

If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked,

Ako razmislite kako je radila železnica u Severnoj Americi,

first came the infrastructure,

prvo je stvorena infrastruktura,

then came the industry around it, the brothels --

onda se razvila industrija oko toga, kupleraj -

it's a bit like the Internet today, right? —

podseća na internet danas, zar ne? -

and everything else that worked with it:

i ostalo što je radilo uz to:

bars, saloons, etc.

barovi, krčme, itd.

The gold of today is mobile,

Zlato današnjice je mobilni telefon,

and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.

i mobilni telefon čini sve ovo mogućim.

So what are some of the things that you can do with it?

Dakle, šta se sve može uraditi sa njime?

Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana,

Ovo je smislio Brajt Sajmons iz Gane,

and what you do is you take medication,

ovde uzimate lek,

something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on,

nešto na šta ljudi mogu potrošiti svoju celu mesečnu platu,

and you scratch off the code,

i ogrebete kod,

and you send that to an SMS number,

zatim ga pošaljete SMS-om na broj,

and it tells you if that is legitimate

na šta dobijate odgovor da li je legitiman

or if it's expired.

ili je istekao.

Really simple, really effective, really life-saving.

Veoma jednostavno i efektivno, stvarno spašava život.

In Kenya, there's a service called iCow,

U Keniji postoji servis pod imenom Ajkau,

which just sends you really important information

koji vam šalje veoma bitne informacije

about how to look after your dairy.

o tome kako da brinete o mlečnim proizvodima.

The dairy business in Kenya

Trgovina mlekom u Keniji

is a $463 million business,

je posao vredan 463 miliona dolara,

and the difference between a subsistence farmer

i razlika između farmera koji se bori za opstanak

and an abundance farmer

i bogatog farmera,

is only a couple of liters of milk a day.

je par litara mleka na dan.

And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty.

Ako to možete da uradite, možete se izvući iz siromaštva.

Really simple, using a basic phone.

Veoma jednostavno, koristeći jednostavan telefon.

If you don't have electricity, no problem!

Ukoliko nemate struje, nema problema!

We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts

Stvorićemo je uz pomoć starih delova bicikla,

using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did.

koristeći vetrenjaču, kao i Vilijam Kamvamba.

There's another great African that you've heard

Ima još jedan Afrikanac za koga ste čuli

that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world.

koji je zauzet menjanjem automobilske industrije u svetu.

He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power

Traži način da promeni napajanje na solarnu energiju,

and the electricity industry in North America,

kao i električnu industriju, u Severnoj Americi,

and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars,

i ukoliko bude imao sreće, odvešće nas na Mars,

hopefully in my lifetime.

nadam se dok sam živ.

He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa],

Poreklom je iz Pretorije, glavnog grada Južne Afrike,

about 50 kilometers from where I live.

oko 50 kilometara od moje kuće.

So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli,

Nazad na Johanesburg, kog nekad nazivaju Egoli,

which means City of Gold.

što znači Grad zlata.

And not only is mobile the gold of today,

I ne samo da je mobilni zlato današnjice,

I don't believe that the gold is under the ground.

ne verujem da je zlato ispod zemlje.

I believe we are the gold.

Verujem da smo mi zlato.

Like you've heard the other economists say,

Čuli ste ekonomiste kako kažu,

we are at the point where China was

mi smo tamo gde je Kina bila

when its boom years began,

na početku svojih godina buma

and that's where we're going.

i tamo idemo.

So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge.

Čujete kako na zapadu pričaju o inovacijama na ivici.

Well, of course it's happening at the edge,

Naravno da se odvija na ivici,

because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook,

jer su svi u unutrašnjosti na Fejsbuku

or worse still, they're trying to understand

ili još gore, i dalje pokušavaju da razumeju

Facebook's privacy settings.

podešavanja privatnosti na Fejsbuku.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This is not that catchy catchphrase.

Ovo nije ta izlizana fraza.

This is innovation over the edge.

Ovo je inovacija preko ivice.

So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent,

Kažu za Afriku da je kontinent koji je na prvom mestu mobilni

but actually it's mobile-only,

ali je u stvari isključivo mobilni.

so while everybody else is doing all of those things,

Tako da, dok svi rade to što rade,

we're solving the world's problems.

mi rešavamo svetske probleme.

So there's only one thing left to say.

Tako da je ostalo reći još samo jedno.

["You're welcome"] (Laughter)

["Nema na čemu"] (Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)