Toby Shapshak: You don't need an app for that

Prevoditelj: Marinela Zagorscak Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands:

Počeo bih s pitanjem za vas, samo podignite ruke:

Who has an iPhone?

Tko ima iPhone?

Who has an Android phone?

Tko ima Android telefon?

Who has a Blackberry?

Tko ima Blackberry?

Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?

Tko bi priznao u javnosti da ima Blackberry?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And let me guess, how many of you,

I dajte da pogodim, koliko vas je,

when you arrived here, like me, went and bought

po dolasku ovdje, kao i ja, otišlo i kupilo

a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah?

SIM karticu na bonove? Da?

I'll bet you didn't even know

Kladim se da niste znali

you're using African technology.

da koristite afričku tehnologiju.

Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea,

Kartica na bonove je tehnologija, odnosno ideja,

pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom

koju je u Africi pokrenula tvrtka pod imenom Vodacom

a good 15 years ago,

prije gotovo 15 godina,

and now, like franchising,

i sada, poput franšize,

pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces

kartica na bonove jedna je od najdominantnijih sila

of economic activity in the world.

gospodarske djelatnosti u svijetu.

So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa,

Stoga ću govoriti o inovativnosti u Africi,

which I think is the purest form,

koja je po mom mišljenju najčišći oblik,

innovation out of necessity.

inovativnosti iz potrebe.

But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions.

Ali, prvo ću vam postaviti neka pitanja.

You don't have to put your hands up.

Ne morate dizati ruke.

These are rhetorical.

Ova su retorička.

Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent

Zašto je Nikola Tesla morao izmisliti

the alternating current that powers the lights

izmjeničnu struju koja napaja svjetla

in this building or the city that we're in?

u ovoj zgradi ili u ovome gradu?

Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line

Zašto je Henry Ford morao izmisliti proizvodnu liniju

to produce these Fords that came in anything

kako bi proizvodila Fordove bilo koje boje

as long as they were black?

dokle god je riječ o crnoj boji?

And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos?

I zašto je Eric Merrifield morao izmisliti "dolos"?

Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like,

Prazni pogledi. Ovako izgleda "dolos",

and in the background, you can see Robben Island.

a u pozadini možete vidjeti otok Robben.

This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield

Ovo je mali "dolos", a Eric Merrifield

is the most famous inventor you've never heard of.

je najpoznatiji izumitelj za kojeg niste nikad čuli.

In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor

Godine 1963. oluja je uništila luku

in a small South African town called East London,

u malom južnoafričkom gradu East London.

and while he was watching his kids playing

I dok je gledao kako se njegova djeca igraju igračkama

with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse,

od volovih kostiju koje se zovu "dolosse"

he had the idea for this.

dobio je ideju.

It's a bit like a huge jumping jack,

Izgleda kao veliki "jumping jack" (skok s raznoženjem i razručenjem),

and they have used this in every harbor in the world

i postavljen je u svakoj luci na svijetu

as a breakwater.

kao lukobran.

The global shipping economy would not be possible

Globalno trgovačko gospodarstvo ne bi bilo moguće

without African technology like this.

bez ovakve afričke tehnologije.

So whenever you talk about Africa,

Kada se govori o Africi

you have to put up this picture of the world from space,

i pokaže ova slika svijeta snimljena iz svemira,

and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent."

ljudi će reći, "Gledaj, to je crni kontinent".

Actually, it isn't.

Zapravo, ona to nije.

What it is is a map of innovation.

Ovo je karta inovacija.

And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on.

I vrlo je lako vidjeti gdje se izumi događaju.

All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't.

Na svim dobro osvjetljenim mjestima nema inovacija.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And the reason it isn't is because everybody's

A razlog tomu je što svi

watching television or playing Angry Birds.

ili gledaju TV ili igraju Angry Birds.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smijeh) (Pljesak)

So where it's happening is in Africa.

Stoga se događaju u Africi.

Now, this is real innovation,

To su pravi izumi,

not the way people have expropriated the word

ne poput onih za koje ljudi koriste tu riječ

to talk about launching new products.

kako bi je iskoristili za lansiranje novih proizvoda.

This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving.

To su prave inovacije. Ja ih definiram kao izumi koji rješavaju probleme.

People are solving real problems in Africa.

Ljudi u Africi rješavaju prave probleme.

Why? Because we have to.

Zašto? Zato jer moramo.

Because we have real problems.

Zato jer imamo stvarne probleme.

And when we solve real problems for people,

I kada riješimo stvarne probleme za ljude

we solve them for the rest of the world

istovremeno ih riješimo

at the same time.

za cijeli svijet.

So in California, everybody's really excited

U Kaliforniji su svi uzbuđeni

about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone

oko komadića plastike koji se priključi na telefon

and you can swipe your credit card,

i može se provući kreditna kartica,

and people say, "We've liberated the credit card

i ljudi kažu: "Oslobodili smo karticu

from the point of sale terminal."

od POS uređaja."

Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card?

Izvrsno. Zašto nam uopće treba kreditna kartica?

In Africa, we've been doing that for years,

U Africi to radimo već godinama,

and we've been doing it on phones like this.

pomoću telefona poput ovoga.

This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela,

Ovo je slika iz mjesta Kitengela,

about an hour south of Nairobi,

udaljenom oko jedan sat južno od Nairobija,

and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system

i ono što je sjajno kod načina plaćanja

that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa

M-Pesa koji se razvio u Africi

is that it works on phones like this.

je to što radi na ovakvom uređaju.

It works on every single phone possible,

Radi na bilo kojem telefonu,

because it uses SMS.

zato što koristi SMS.

You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries,

Mogu se plaćati računi, kupovati namirnice,

you can pay your kids' school fees,

djeci plaćati školarine,

and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials.

i rekli su mi da je moguće podmititi i carinike.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Something like 25 million dollars a day

Dnevno se obavljaju transakcije u vrijednosti oko 25 milijuna dolara

is transacted through M-Pesa.

putem M-Pesa sustava.

Forty percent of Kenya's GDP

Četrdeset posto BDP-a Kenije

moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.

prolazi kroz M-Pesa korištenjem ovakvih telefona.

And you think this is just a feature phone.

A vi mislite da je to samo telefon s posebnim mogućnostima.

Actually it's the smartphone of Africa.

Zapravo je to pametni telefon u Africi.

It's also a radio, and it's also a torch,

To je ujedno i radio i džepna svjetiljka,

and more than anything else,

i najvažnije od svega,

it has really superb battery life.

vijek trajanja baterije je izuzetan.

Why? Because that's what we need.

Zašto? Jer je to ono što trebamo.

We have really severe energy problems in Africa.

Imamo ozbiljnih problema s energijom u Africi.

By the way, you can update Facebook

I da, možete ažurirati Facebook profil

and send Gmail from a phone like this.

i poslati Gmail putem ovakvog telefona.

So we have found a way to use

Pronašli smo način kojim možemo koristiti

the available technology to send money via M-Pesa,

dostupnu tehnologiju za slanje novaca putem M-Pesa,

which is a bit like a check system

što je poput korištenja čekova

for the mobile age.

u doba mobilne telefonije.

I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town.

Dolazim iz Johannesburga, koji je rudarski grad.

It's built on gold.

Izgrađen je na zlatu.

This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier.

Ovo je slika koju sam postavio na Instagram maloprije.

And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile.

Današnje zlato su mobiteli, i to je razlika.

If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked,

Razmislite o željezničkom sustavu u Sjevernoj Americi i kako se razvijao.

first came the infrastructure,

Prvo je postavljena infrastruktura,

then came the industry around it, the brothels --

potom se raširila industrija, javne kuće --

it's a bit like the Internet today, right? —

to je nešto poput interneta danas, zar ne? -

and everything else that worked with it:

i sve ostalo što je bilo potrebno:

bars, saloons, etc.

kavane, barovi, itd.

The gold of today is mobile,

Današnje zlato su mobiteli,

and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.

koji omogućuju sve.

So what are some of the things that you can do with it?

Što sve možete raditi pomoću njega?

Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana,

Ovo je ideja Brighta Simonsa iz Gane,

and what you do is you take medication,

i ono što činiš je da uzmeš svoj lijek,

something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on,

na koji neki ljudi potroše mjesečnu plaću,

and you scratch off the code,

precrtaš kod,

and you send that to an SMS number,

pošalješ ga u SMS poruci,

and it tells you if that is legitimate

i dobiješ odgovor je li lijeku prošao rok trajanja

or if it's expired.

ili nije.

Really simple, really effective, really life-saving.

Vrlo jednostavno, djelotvorno, i spašava živote.

In Kenya, there's a service called iCow,

U Keniji postoji servis iCow,

which just sends you really important information

koji šalje vrlo važne informacije

about how to look after your dairy.

o tome kako čuvati mliječne proizvode.

The dairy business in Kenya

Trgovina mliječnim proizvodima u Keniji

is a $463 million business,

vrijedi 463 milijuna dolara,

and the difference between a subsistence farmer

i razlika između naturalne poljoprivrede

and an abundance farmer

i industrijske poljoprivrede

is only a couple of liters of milk a day.

je u samo nekoliko litara mlijeka dnevno.

And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty.

Ako možete to, možete se maknuti iz siromaštva.

Really simple, using a basic phone.

Vrlo jednostavno, koristeći običan telefon.

If you don't have electricity, no problem!

Ako nemate struje, nema problema!

We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts

Mi ćemo je proizvesti od starih dijelova bicikala

using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did.

koristeći vjetrenjače, kao što je to učinio William Kamkwamba.

There's another great African that you've heard

Još jedan Afrikanac za kojeg ste čuli

that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world.

je zauzet s remećenjem automobilske industrije u svijetu.

He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power

Također, pokušava pronaći način za korištenje solarne energije

and the electricity industry in North America,

i elektroprivrede u Sjevernoj Americi,

and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars,

i ako će imati sreće, odvest će nas na Mars,

hopefully in my lifetime.

nadam se, za mojeg životnog vijeka.

He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa],

On je iz Pretorije, glavni grad [Južne Afrike],

about 50 kilometers from where I live.

udaljen oko 50 kilometara od mjesta gdje ja živim.

So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli,

Vratimo se na Joburg, koji se ponekad zove Egoli,

which means City of Gold.

što znači Zlatni Grad.

And not only is mobile the gold of today,

Nisu samo mobiteli današnje zlato,

I don't believe that the gold is under the ground.

ne vjerujem da se zlato nalazi ispod površine.

I believe we are the gold.

Vjerujem da smo mi zlato.

Like you've heard the other economists say,

Kao što ekonomisti govore,

we are at the point where China was

mi smo u vremenu u kojem je Kina bila

when its boom years began,

kada su počele "boom" godine,

and that's where we're going.

i u tom smjeru idemo.

So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge.

Čujete kako Zapad govori o inovacijama na rubu.

Well, of course it's happening at the edge,

Pa, naravno, da se događa na rubu,

because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook,

jer u sredini, svi ažuriraju Facebook,

or worse still, they're trying to understand

ili još gore, pokušavaju shvatiti

Facebook's privacy settings.

sigurnosne postavke Facebooka.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

This is not that catchy catchphrase.

To nije fraza koja se lako pamti.

This is innovation over the edge.

To je inovacija preko ruba.

So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent,

Ljudi vole reći za Afriku da je kontinent gdje su mobiteli na prvom mjestu,

but actually it's mobile-only,

međutim, to je kontinent gdje je mobitel jedino sredstvo tehnologije.

so while everybody else is doing all of those things,

I dok drugi rade sve ostale stvari

we're solving the world's problems.

mi rješavamo svjetske probleme.

So there's only one thing left to say.

Preostaje još jedino reći:

["You're welcome"] (Laughter)

"Nema na čemu": (Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)