Toby Shapshak: You don't need an app for that

141,041 views ใƒป 2014-03-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands:
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืฉืืœื”, ืจืง ื‘ื”ืจืžืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื:
00:15
Who has an iPhone?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ?
00:17
Who has an Android phone?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“?
00:20
Who has a Blackberry?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืืงื‘ืจื™?
00:22
Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืœืืงื‘ืจื™?
00:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:27
And let me guess, how many of you,
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื ื—ืฉ, ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื,
00:29
when you arrived here, like me, went and bought
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืคื”, ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื”ืœื›ืชื ื•ืงื ื™ืชื
00:31
a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah?
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ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืกื™ื ืฉืœื-ืœืคื™-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ? ื›ืŸ?
00:35
I'll bet you didn't even know
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืืคื™ืœื•
00:36
you're using African technology.
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ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
00:38
Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea,
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ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
00:40
pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื•ื•ื“ื”ืงื•ื
00:43
a good 15 years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 15 ืฉื ื”,
00:46
and now, like franchising,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื–ื›ื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
00:48
pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces
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ืฉืœื-ืœืคื™-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื
00:51
of economic activity in the world.
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ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:53
So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
00:55
which I think is the purest form,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”,
00:57
innovation out of necessity.
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืจื—.
00:59
But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
01:02
You don't have to put your hands up.
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ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
01:03
These are rhetorical.
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ื”ืŸ ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
01:06
Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent
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ืœืžื” ื ื™ืงื•ืœื” ื˜ืกืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื
01:08
the alternating current that powers the lights
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ืืช ื–ืจื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืจื•ืช
01:10
in this building or the city that we're in?
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื?
01:13
Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ืจื™ ืคื•ืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืคืก ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ
01:15
to produce these Fords that came in anything
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืข
01:18
as long as they were black?
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ?
01:20
And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos?
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ื•ืœืžื” ืืจื™ืง ืžืจื™ืคื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืœื•ืก?
01:24
Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like,
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ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื. ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ืœื•ืก,
01:27
and in the background, you can see Robben Island.
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ื•ื‘ืจืงืข, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ ืจื•ื‘ืŸ.
01:30
This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืœื•ืก ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ืืจื™ืง ืžืจื™ืคื™ืœื“
01:34
is the most famous inventor you've never heard of.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžืฆื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื•.
01:37
In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor
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ื‘ 1963, ืกื•ืคื” ืงืจืขื” ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ
01:41
in a small South African town called East London,
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืžื–ืจื— ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
01:43
and while he was watching his kids playing
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
01:46
with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse,
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ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ื“ื•ืœื•ืกื™ื,
01:49
he had the idea for this.
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ืขืœื” ื‘ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื”.
01:50
It's a bit like a huge jumping jack,
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืœื’'ืง ื”ืžืงืคืฅ,
01:53
and they have used this in every harbor in the world
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:56
as a breakwater.
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ื›ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื’ืœื™ื.
01:58
The global shipping economy would not be possible
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ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
02:01
without African technology like this.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื›ื–ื•.
02:04
So whenever you talk about Africa,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
02:07
you have to put up this picture of the world from space,
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื”ื—ืœืœ,
02:10
and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent."
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืชืจืื•, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื”."
02:14
Actually, it isn't.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื.
02:16
What it is is a map of innovation.
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื–ื” ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
02:18
And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
02:21
All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื.
02:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:33
And the reason it isn't is because everybody's
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื
02:35
watching television or playing Angry Birds.
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ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื ื’ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืจื“ืก.
02:39
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:42
So where it's happening is in Africa.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
02:45
Now, this is real innovation,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
02:47
not the way people have expropriated the word
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ืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”
02:50
to talk about launching new products.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:52
This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving.
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ื–ื• ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืคืชื™ืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
02:56
People are solving real problems in Africa.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
02:59
Why? Because we have to.
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ืœืžื”? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื.
03:01
Because we have real problems.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
03:03
And when we solve real problems for people,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื,
03:05
we solve them for the rest of the world
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:08
at the same time.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
03:10
So in California, everybody's really excited
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ืื– ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื
03:13
about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone
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ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
03:16
and you can swipe your credit card,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™,
03:18
and people say, "We've liberated the credit card
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™
03:21
from the point of sale terminal."
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ืžืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื."
03:23
Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card?
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ืžืขื•ืœื”, ืœืžื” ืืชื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™?
03:27
In Africa, we've been doing that for years,
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื,
03:30
and we've been doing it on phones like this.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
03:32
This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela,
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืงื™ื˜ื ื’ืœื”,
03:35
about an hour south of Nairobi,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืขื” ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™,
03:37
and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื
03:40
that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa
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ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช "M ืคืกื”"
03:42
is that it works on phones like this.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
03:45
It works on every single phone possible,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื,
03:48
because it uses SMS.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ SMS.
03:50
You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื™ืชื” ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื,
03:53
you can pay your kids' school fees,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
03:55
and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials.
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ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉื—ื“ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืก.
03:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:01
Something like 25 million dollars a day
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื
04:04
is transacted through M-Pesa.
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ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš M ืคืกื”.
04:06
Forty percent of Kenya's GDP
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ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืชืœ"ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื”
04:08
moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.
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ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืš ื“ืจืš M ืคืกื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื.
04:11
And you think this is just a feature phone.
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ื•ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
04:13
Actually it's the smartphone of Africa.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
04:16
It's also a radio, and it's also a torch,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืจื“ื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื ืก,
04:19
and more than anything else,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ,
04:20
it has really superb battery life.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื•ืœืœื” ืขื ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื”.
04:23
Why? Because that's what we need.
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ืœืžื”? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
04:25
We have really severe energy problems in Africa.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
04:29
By the way, you can update Facebook
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
04:30
and send Gmail from a phone like this.
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ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื’'ื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”.
04:34
So we have found a way to use
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ืื– ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
04:36
the available technology to send money via M-Pesa,
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื›ืกืฃ ื“ืจืš M ืคืกื”,
04:39
which is a bit like a check system
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆ'ืงื™ื
04:41
for the mobile age.
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ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ.
04:44
I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืžื™ื•ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ื”.
04:46
It's built on gold.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”ื‘.
04:48
This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier.
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืขืœืชื™ ืœืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:50
And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile.
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ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ.
04:55
If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“,
04:59
first came the infrastructure,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืื” ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช,
05:01
then came the industry around it, the brothels --
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ืื– ืงืžื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉืช --
05:05
it's a bit like the Internet today, right? โ€”
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ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? --
05:07
and everything else that worked with it:
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ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ืชื•:
05:09
bars, saloons, etc.
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ื‘ืจื™ื, ืกืœื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื•'
05:11
The gold of today is mobile,
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ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ,
05:13
and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.
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ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
05:16
So what are some of the things that you can do with it?
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ืื– ืžื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”?
05:18
Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžื•ื ืก ืžื’ืื ื”,
05:22
and what you do is you take medication,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
05:24
something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช,
05:28
and you scratch off the code,
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ื•ืืชื ืžื’ืจื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“,
05:30
and you send that to an SMS number,
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ื•ืืชื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืกืคืจ SMS,
05:32
and it tells you if that is legitimate
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™
05:34
or if it's expired.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื’ ืชื•ืงืฃ.
05:36
Really simple, really effective, really life-saving.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:40
In Kenya, there's a service called iCow,
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ื‘ืงื ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืื™ืงืื•,
05:42
which just sends you really important information
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ืฉืจืง ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
05:45
about how to look after your dairy.
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื.
05:47
The dairy business in Kenya
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ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื”
05:48
is a $463 million business,
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ื”ื ืขืกืง ืฉืœ 463 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
05:51
and the difference between a subsistence farmer
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ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืงื™ื•ื
05:54
and an abundance farmer
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ื•ื—ืงืœืื™ ืฉื•ืคืข
05:55
is only a couple of liters of milk a day.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื.
05:58
And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty.
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™.
06:01
Really simple, using a basic phone.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™,
06:05
If you don't have electricity, no problem!
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ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”!
06:08
We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื
06:10
using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ืจื•ื—, ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืงืžืงื•ื•ืžื‘ื” ืขืฉื”.
06:12
There's another great African that you've heard
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ื™ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื“ื’ื•ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื•
06:14
that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world.
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ืฉืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:18
He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื•ืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืกื•ืœืืจื™
06:21
and the electricity industry in North America,
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ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
06:23
and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืื“ื™ื,
06:26
hopefully in my lifetime.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™.
06:28
He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa],
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” (ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”),
06:31
about 50 kilometers from where I live.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื’ืจ.
06:34
So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli,
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ืื– ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื•ื‘ื•ืจื’, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ืื’ื•ืœื™,
06:38
which means City of Gold.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘.
06:40
And not only is mobile the gold of today,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
06:44
I don't believe that the gold is under the ground.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”.
06:46
I believe we are the gold.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
06:48
Like you've heard the other economists say,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
06:51
we are at the point where China was
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื”
06:53
when its boom years began,
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ื›ืฉืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื—ืœื•,
06:55
and that's where we're going.
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ื•ืœืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
06:56
So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge.
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ืื–, ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื”.
07:01
Well, of course it's happening at the edge,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืงืฆื”,
07:03
because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
07:06
or worse still, they're trying to understand
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ืื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
07:08
Facebook's privacy settings.
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ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
07:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:12
This is not that catchy catchphrase.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
07:15
This is innovation over the edge.
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ื–ื• ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืฆื”.
07:19
So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent,
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ืื–, ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช,
07:24
but actually it's mobile-only,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ,
07:26
so while everybody else is doing all of those things,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
07:30
we're solving the world's problems.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:31
So there's only one thing left to say.
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ืื– ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“.
07:34
["You're welcome"] (Laughter)
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["ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”"] (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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