Toby Shapshak: You don't need an app for that

140,914 views ใƒป 2014-03-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kevin Jin ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands:
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์†๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:15
Who has an iPhone?
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์•„์ดํฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„?
00:17
Who has an Android phone?
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œํฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„?
00:20
Who has a Blackberry?
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๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„?
00:22
Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
00:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:27
And let me guess, how many of you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—์„œ
00:29
when you arrived here, like me, went and bought
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ € ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:31
a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah?
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์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฐฉ์‹ SIM ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”? ์˜ˆ?
00:35
I'll bet you didn't even know
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค„๋„
00:36
you're using African technology.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea,
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ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™” ์„ ๋ถˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ 'Vodacom'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด
00:40
pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ
00:43
a good 15 years ago,
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์กฑํžˆ 15๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
00:46
and now, like franchising,
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์ด์ œ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:48
pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces
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์„ ๋ถˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ
00:51
of economic activity in the world.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:55
which I think is the purest form,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๊ณ 
00:57
innovation out of necessity.
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ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ˜์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
You don't have to put your hands up.
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์†์„ ๋“œ์‹ค ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
These are rhetorical.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent
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์™œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:08
the alternating current that powers the lights
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š”
01:10
in this building or the city that we're in?
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๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:13
Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line
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์™œ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ํฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”
01:15
to produce these Fords that came in anything
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ผ์ธ์„
01:18
as long as they were black?
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๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:20
And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos?
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์™œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€์ธ ์—๋ฆญ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌํ•„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:24
Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋กœ์Šค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
and in the background, you can see Robben Island.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋กœ๋ฒค์„ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ๋กœ์Šค์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ์—๋ฆญ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌํ•„๋“œ๋Š”
01:34
is the most famous inventor you've never heard of.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor
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1963๋…„์— ํญํ’์ด ์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:41
in a small South African town called East London,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋„์‹œ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
01:43
and while he was watching his kids playing
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๋ฉ”๋ฆฌํ•„๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ™ฉ์†Œ๋ผˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
01:46
with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse,
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๋Œ๋กœ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:49
he had the idea for this.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
It's a bit like a huge jumping jack,
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๋Œ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์ผ๊ฒฌ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ ํ•‘์žญ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ (์ ํ•‘์žญ: ์‹ค๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ผญ๋‘๊ฐ์‹œ )
01:53
and they have used this in every harbor in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
as a breakwater.
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01:58
The global shipping economy would not be possible
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด์†ก ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—†์ด๋Š”
02:01
without African technology like this.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
So whenever you talk about Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜
02:07
you have to put up this picture of the world from space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋†“๊ณ 
02:10
and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '๋ด, ์ด๊ฑด ์•”ํ‘์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด์•ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Actually, it isn't.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
What it is is a map of innovation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't.
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
02:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:33
And the reason it isn't is because everybody's
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:35
watching television or playing Angry Birds.
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์•ต๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋“œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)( ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:42
So where it's happening is in Africa.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Now, this is real innovation,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:47
not the way people have expropriated the word
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ถœ์‹œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
02:50
to talk about launching new products.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
People are solving real problems in Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:59
Why? Because we have to.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
03:01
Because we have real problems.
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์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And when we solve real problems for people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ
03:05
we solve them for the rest of the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:08
at the same time.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
So in California, everybody's really excited
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:13
about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์— ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:16
and you can swipe your credit card,
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์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ์ง„์งœ ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
and people say, "We've liberated the credit card
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . " ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:21
from the point of sale terminal."
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์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค."
03:23
Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card?
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ . ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธด ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:27
In Africa, we've been doing that for years,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ 
03:30
and we've been doing it on phones like this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‚คํ…ก๊ฒ”๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
about an hour south of Nairobi,
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๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„์—์„œ ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”.
03:37
and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ M-Pesa๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:40
that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa
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์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง€๋ถˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
is that it works on phones like this.
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03:45
It works on every single phone possible,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ
03:48
because it uses SMS.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
03:50
You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ ์ง€๋ถˆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:53
you can pay your kids' school fees,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์„ธ๊ด€์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:01
Something like 25 million dollars a day
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 2์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
04:04
is transacted through M-Pesa.
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M-Pesa๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Forty percent of Kenya's GDP
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์ผ€๋ƒ GDP์˜ 40%๊ฐ€
04:08
moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ M-Pesa๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
And you think this is just a feature phone.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ”ผ์ณํฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
04:13
Actually it's the smartphone of Africa.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
It's also a radio, and it's also a torch,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์„ ํ†ต์‹  ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ ํšƒ๋ถˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”
04:19
and more than anything else,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
it has really superb battery life.
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04:23
Why? Because that's what we need.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:25
We have really severe energy problems in Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
By the way, you can update Facebook
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋กœ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:30
and send Gmail from a phone like this.
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Gmail ๋„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
So we have found a way to use
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ M-Pesa๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ์†ก๊ธˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:36
the available technology to send money via M-Pesa,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ด์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
which is a bit like a check system
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
04:41
for the mobile age.
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04:44
I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
It's built on gold.
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๊ธˆ ์œ„์— ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„ ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์˜ ๊ธˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:55
If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked,
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๋ถ๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์„ ๋กœ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
04:59
first came the infrastructure,
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๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด๊ณ 
05:01
then came the industry around it, the brothels --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์‚ฐ์—…, ์œค๋ฝ์—…์ด์—์š”. --
05:05
it's a bit like the Internet today, right? โ€”
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด์ฐŒ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋งž์ฃ ?
05:07
and everything else that worked with it:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:09
bars, saloons, etc.
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์ˆ ์ง‘, ์‚ด๋กฑ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.
05:11
The gold of today is mobile,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ธˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:13
and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.
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๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
So what are some of the things that you can do with it?
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:18
Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋ชฌ์Šค์—์š”.
05:22
and what you do is you take medication,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:24
something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on,
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์›”๊ธ‰ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๋งŒํ•œ ์•ฝ์ด์—์š”.
05:28
and you scratch off the code,
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์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด
05:30
and you send that to an SMS number,
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05:32
and it tells you if that is legitimate
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์œ ํšจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
or if it's expired.
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05:36
Really simple, really effective, really life-saving.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง„์งœ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:40
In Kenya, there's a service called iCow,
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์ผ€๋ƒ์—๋Š” iCow๋ผ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:42
which just sends you really important information
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๋‚™๋† ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
about how to look after your dairy.
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05:47
The dairy business in Kenya
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์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚™๋†์—…์€
05:48
is a $463 million business,
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4์–ต 6์ฒœ 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋ฉฐ
05:51
and the difference between a subsistence farmer
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์ตœ์ € ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€์™€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
05:54
and an abundance farmer
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05:55
is only a couple of liters of milk a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ์œ  ๋ช‡ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋นˆ๊ณค์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ—ค์–ด๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Really simple, using a basic phone.
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์ง„์งœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:05
If you don't have electricity, no problem!
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”!
06:08
We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts
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๋‚ก์€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:10
using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did.
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์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ์บ„์พ€๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ’์ฐจ ํšŒ์ „์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
There's another great African that you've heard
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹ค๋งŒํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:14
that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋’คํ”๋“œ๋Š๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€
06:21
and the electricity industry in North America,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:23
and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars,
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ํ–‰์šด์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
hopefully in my lifetime.
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ์ œ ์ƒ์• ์•ˆ์—์š”.
06:28
He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa],
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ํ”„๋ฆฌํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ๋ฐ
06:31
about 50 kilometers from where I live.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ 50km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
06:34
So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli,
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์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ด๊ณจ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:38
which means City of Gold.
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๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
06:40
And not only is mobile the gold of today,
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๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ธˆ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:44
I don't believe that the gold is under the ground.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ด ์ง€ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
I believe we are the gold.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Like you've heard the other economists say,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:51
we are at the point where China was
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ „์„ฑ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
when its boom years began,
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06:55
and that's where we're going.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๊ตฌ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Well, of course it's happening at the edge,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์€ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:06
or worse still, they're trying to understand
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ์˜
07:08
Facebook's privacy settings.
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์„ค์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:12
This is not that catchy catchphrase.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
This is innovation over the edge.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
but actually it's mobile-only,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ๋งŒ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:26
so while everybody else is doing all of those things,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
we're solving the world's problems.
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07:31
So there's only one thing left to say.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ง๋งŒ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
07:34
["You're welcome"] (Laughter)
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["๋ณ„ ๋ง์”€์„์š”."] (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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