Toby Shapshak: You don't need an app for that

Translator: MIrza Arif Reviewer: Indah Setiawan

Saya mulai dengan pertanyaan, tolong angkat tangan:

Siapa yang punya iPhone?

Siapa yang punya Android?

Siapa yang punya Blackberry

Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands:

Siapa yang mau secara terbuka mengaku punya Blackberry?

Who has an iPhone?

(Tawa)

Who has an Android phone?

Biar saya tebak,

Who has a Blackberry?

berapa dari kalian, ketika tiba disini, seperti saya,

Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?

membeli SIM card pay-as-you-go?

(Laughter)

Ya?

And let me guess, how many of you,

Pasti kalian tidak tahu kalian memakai teknologi dari Afrika.

when you arrived here, like me, went and bought

Pay-as-you-go adalah teknologi, atau ide,

a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah?

yang ditemukan di Afrika oleh perusahaan Vodacom

I'll bet you didn't even know

sekitar 15 tahun lalu.

you're using African technology.

Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea,

Dan sekarang, seperti waralaba,

pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom

pay-as-you-go adalah salah satu aktivitas ekonomi terbesar di dunia.

a good 15 years ago,

Saya akan membahas Inovasi di Afrika,

and now, like franchising,

yang menurutku bentuk murni, inovasi dari kebutuhan.

pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces

of economic activity in the world.

Pertama, saya punya beberapa pertanyaan.

So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa,

Kalian tidak perlu angkat tangan.

which I think is the purest form,

Ini retorikal.

innovation out of necessity.

Mengapa Nikola Tesla harus menciptakan

But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions.

arus bolak-balik yang menyalakan lampu di gedung ini atau di kota ini?

You don't have to put your hands up.

These are rhetorical.

Mengapa Henry Ford menciptakan sistem produksi

Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent

untuk memproduksi mobil Ford yang berasal dari apapun

the alternating current that powers the lights

in this building or the city that we're in?

yang berwarna hitam?

Dan mengapa Eric Merrifield menciptakan dolos?

Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line

to produce these Fords that came in anything

Tidak tahu? Itulah bentuk dolos,

as long as they were black?

dan di belakangnya, Anda dapat lihat Pulau Robben.

And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos?

Ini adalah sebuah dolos kecil,

Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like,

dan Eric Merrifield adalah penemu paling terkenal yang kalian tidak kenal.

and in the background, you can see Robben Island.

Di 1963, Badai mengancurkan dermaga di kota kecil di Afrika Selatan,

This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield

is the most famous inventor you've never heard of.

London Timur,

dan ketika menjaga anak-anaknya bermain

In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor

mainan yang terbuat dari tulang lembu, dolosse, muncullah ide itu.

in a small South African town called East London,

itu seperti jumping jack besar,

and while he was watching his kids playing

dan semua menggunakan ini di tiap dermaga di dunia

with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse,

untuk memecah ombak.

he had the idea for this.

Ekonomi perkapalan global tidak akan ada tanpa teknologi Afrika seperti ini.

It's a bit like a huge jumping jack,

and they have used this in every harbor in the world

as a breakwater.

Jadi setiap kalian membahas Afrika,

The global shipping economy would not be possible

kalian lihat foto dunia dari luar angkasa dan orang berkata, “Lihat, benua gelap.”

without African technology like this.

So whenever you talk about Africa,

Sebenarnya, bukan itu.

you have to put up this picture of the world from space,

Itu adalah peta inovasi.

and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent."

dan sangat mudah untuk melihat dimana inovasi terjadi.

Semua tempat punya banyak aliran listrik tidak memiliki banyak inovasi.

Actually, it isn't.

What it is is a map of innovation.

(Tawa)

And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on.

(Tepuk tangan)

All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't.

(Laughter)

Dan penyebabnya karena semua orang menonton TV atau main Angry Birds.

(Applause)

(Tawa) (Tepuk tangan)

And the reason it isn't is because everybody's

Jadi, itu terjadi di Afrika.

watching television or playing Angry Birds.

Nah, ini inovasi yang sebenarnya,

(Laughter) (Applause)

bukan seperti orang yang mengubah arti kata ini saat peluncuran produk baru.

So where it's happening is in Africa.

Ini inovasi sebenarnya, saya menyebutnya memecahkan masalah.

Now, this is real innovation,

not the way people have expropriated the word

Mereka benar-benar memecahkan masalah di Afrika.

to talk about launching new products.

Kenapa? Karena memang harus.

This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving.

Karena kita punya masalah.

Dan ketika kita memecahkan masalah seseorang,

People are solving real problems in Africa.

kita memecahkannya untuk seluruh dunia dalam waktu yang sama.

Why? Because we have to.

Because we have real problems.

Di California, semua orang jadi tertarik

And when we solve real problems for people,

we solve them for the rest of the world

pada plastik kotak kecil yang dipasang di telepon seluler

at the same time.

dan kalian bisa menggesek kartu kredit dan orang berkata,

So in California, everybody's really excited

“Kita telah membebaskan kartu kredit dari mesin kasir.”

about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone

Hebat, tetapi mengapa kalian masih butuh kartu kredit?

and you can swipe your credit card,

and people say, "We've liberated the credit card

Di Afrika, kami sudah melakukannya selama bertahun-tahun,

from the point of sale terminal."

dan melalui telepon seperti ini.

Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card?

Foto ini saya ambil di tempat bernama Kitengela,

sekitar satu jam ke selatan Nairobi,

In Africa, we've been doing that for years,

dan hal terhebat tentang sistem pembayaran yang ditemukan di Afrika bernama M-Pesa

and we've been doing it on phones like this.

This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela,

adalah itu bekerja di telepon seluler seperti ini.

about an hour south of Nairobi,

Itu bekerja di telepon seluler apapun, karena memakai SMS.

and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system

that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa

is that it works on phones like this.

Kalian bisa bayar tagihan, belanja harian, membayar biaya sekolah anak,

It works on every single phone possible,

dan saya dengar bahkan bisa untuk menyuap petugas bea cukai.

because it uses SMS.

You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries,

(Tawa)

Transaksi berjumlah sekitar 25 juta dolar terjadi lewat M-Pesa setiap hari.

you can pay your kids' school fees,

and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials.

Sebanyak 40 persen PDB Kenya

(Laughter)

bergerak lewat M-Pesa dengan telepon seluler seperti ini

Something like 25 million dollars a day

Kalian kira ini hanya telepon seluler biasa.

is transacted through M-Pesa.

Itu adalah smartphone di Afrika.

Forty percent of Kenya's GDP

moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.

Itu juga radio, dan juga senter,

And you think this is just a feature phone.

dan dari semua itu, dia punya baterai yang sangat awet.

Actually it's the smartphone of Africa.

Mengapa? Karena itu yang kami butuh.

It's also a radio, and it's also a torch,

Kami punya masalah energi yang serius di Afrika.

and more than anything else,

it has really superb battery life.

Oh ya, kalian bisa memperbarui Facebook dan mengirim Gmail dengan telepon ini.

Why? Because that's what we need.

We have really severe energy problems in Africa.

Kami menemukan cara untuk memanfaatkan teknologi yang ada

By the way, you can update Facebook

and send Gmail from a phone like this.

dan mengirim uang via M-Pesa,

yang serupa dengan sistem cek untuk era mobile.

So we have found a way to use

the available technology to send money via M-Pesa,

Saya berasal dari Johannesburg, kota pertambangan.

Dibangun di atas emas.

which is a bit like a check system

Ini foto yang saya unggah ke Instagram tadi.

for the mobile age.

Bedanya, emas itu zaman sekarang adalah telepon seluler.

I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town.

It's built on gold.

Bila kalian amati sistem rel di Amerika dan cara kerjanya,

This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier.

And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile.

pertama infrastrukturnya dibangun, lalu industri muncul di sekitarnya,

If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked,

rumah bordil— seperti internet sekarang, kan?—

dan apapun yang berkaitan: bar, salons, dan lainnya.

first came the infrastructure,

then came the industry around it, the brothels --

Emas masa kini adalah telepon seluler,

it's a bit like the Internet today, right? —

dan ia adalah alat yang membuat semuanya bisa terjadi.

and everything else that worked with it:

Apa yang bisa kalian lakukan dengannya?

bars, saloons, etc.

Ini dilakukan seseorang bernama Bright Simons dari Ghana,

The gold of today is mobile,

and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.

dan yang kalian lakukan adalah membeli obat,

So what are some of the things that you can do with it?

bagi sebagian orang bisa seharga gaji sebulan,

Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana,

dan kalian gesek kodenya,

and what you do is you take medication,

lalu kirim SMS,

something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on,

dan kalian akan tahu itu asli atau itu sudah kadaluarsa.

and you scratch off the code,

Sangat sederhana, efektif, dan penyelamat hidup.

and you send that to an SMS number,

and it tells you if that is legitimate

Di Kenya, ada layanan bernama iCow,

or if it's expired.

yang akan memberi informasi penting tentang cara menjalankan usaha susu.

Really simple, really effective, really life-saving.

Bisnis susu di Kenya adalah bisnis senilai $463 juta,

In Kenya, there's a service called iCow,

which just sends you really important information

dan perbedaan antara peternak kecil dan besar

about how to look after your dairy.

The dairy business in Kenya

adalah hanya beberapa liter susu per hari.

is a $463 million business,

Jika kalian tahu caranya, kalian bisa keluar dari kemiskinan.

and the difference between a subsistence farmer

Sangat simpel, dengan hape biasa.

and an abundance farmer

is only a couple of liters of milk a day.

Bila kalian tidak punya listrik, tidak masalah!

And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty.

Kami bisa buat dari bagian sepeda tua

Really simple, using a basic phone.

dengan tenaga kincir angin, seperti William Kamkwamba.

Ada orang hebat Afrika lain kalian tahu yang sibuk mengubah industri mobil dunia.

If you don't have electricity, no problem!

We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts

Dia juga sedang mencari cara membangkitkan energi surya

using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did.

There's another great African that you've heard

dan industri energi listrik di Amerika Utara,

that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world.

dan bila dia beruntung, dia akan membawa kita ke Mars,

He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power

Semoga saya masih hidup.

Dia berasal dari Pretoria, ibu kota [Afrika Selatan]

and the electricity industry in North America,

and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars,

sekitar 50 kilometer dari tempat tinggal saya.

hopefully in my lifetime.

Kembali ke Joburg, kadang disebut Egoli,

He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa],

yang artinya Kota Emas.

about 50 kilometers from where I live.

bukan hanya telepon seluler yang seperti emas zaman sekarang,

So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli,

Bagi saya emas tidak di bawah tanah.

which means City of Gold.

Kita adalah emas itu.

And not only is mobile the gold of today,

Seperti kata seorang ahli ekonomi,

kita di titik seperti Tiongkok dahulu ketika tahun kejayaan dimulai,

I don't believe that the gold is under the ground.

I believe we are the gold.

kita mengarah kesana.

Like you've heard the other economists say,

Kalian tahu pepatah Barat tentang “inovasi di pinggiran”.

we are at the point where China was

when its boom years began,

Tentu itu terjadi di pinggiran,

and that's where we're going.

karena di tengah-tengah itu, semua sibuk mempebarui status Facebook,

So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge.

atau lebih parah, mereka berusaha memahami pengaturan privasi Facebook.

Well, of course it's happening at the edge,

(Tawa)

because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook,

Ini bukan slogan yang menarik.

or worse still, they're trying to understand

Ini inovasi gila-gilaan.

Facebook's privacy settings.

(Laughter)

Orang suka menyebut Afrika benua mobile pertama,

This is not that catchy catchphrase.

This is innovation over the edge.

tapi memang hanya ada mobile.

Jadi, ketika orang lain melakukan hal-hal itu,

So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent,

kami memecahkan masalah dunia.

Dan oleh karena itu, kami tinggal katakan.

but actually it's mobile-only,

so while everybody else is doing all of those things,

[“Sama-sama”] (Tawa)

(Tepuk tangan)

we're solving the world's problems.

So there's only one thing left to say.

["You're welcome"] (Laughter)

(Applause)