Leymah Gbowee: Unlock the intelligence, passion, greatness of girls | TED

Često držim pedavanja

širom sveta,

Many times

i ljudi me pitaju

I go around the world to speak,

o izazovima,

and people ask me questions

mojim trenucima

about the challenges,

i o stvarima zbog kojih se kajem.

my moments,

1998.:

some of my regrets.

kao samohrana majka četvoro dece,

1998:

tri meseca nakon rođenja mog četvrtog deteta,

A single mother of four,

three months after the birth of my fourth child,

počela sam da radim

kao asistent istraživača.

I went to do a job

as a research assistant.

Otišla sam u severni deo Liberije.

U sklopu posla,

I went to Northern Liberia.

selo mi je obezbedilo smeštaj

And as part of the work,

kod samohrane majke

the village would give you lodgings.

i njene kćeri.

And they gave me lodging with a single mother

Ispostavilo se da je ta devojčica

and her daughter.

jedina u tom selu

This girl happened to be

koja je upisala

the only girl in the entire village

deveti razred.

who had made it

Ljudi u selu su joj se podsmevali.

to the ninth grade.

Druge žene su njenoj majci često govorile:

She was the laughing stock of the community.

"Ti i tvoje dete

Her mother was often told by other women,

ćete umreti siromašne."

"You and your child

Posle dve nedelje rada u tom selu,

will die poor."

došlo je vreme za povratak.

After two weeks of working in that village,

Majka je došla kod mene, klekla

it was time to go back.

The mother came to me, knelt down,

i rekla: "Lejma, povedi moju kćer.

and said, "Leymah, take my daughter.

Želim

da bude medicinska sestra."

I wish for her

Živela sam u velikom siromaštvu, u kući svojih roditelja,

to be a nurse."

Dirt poor, living in the home with my parents,

i nisam mogla to da priuštim.

Sa suzama u očima,

I couldn't afford to.

rekla sam: "Ne."

With tears in my eyes,

Dva meseca kasnije,

I said, "No."

odlazim u drugo selo,

Two months later,

sa istim zadatkom,

I go to another village

i ponudili su mi da živim sa upravnikom sela.

on the same assignment

and they asked me to live with the village chief.

Njegova žena ima tu devojčicu,

iste boje kao i ja,

The women's chief of the village has this little girl,

potpuno prljavu.

fair color like me,

Po čitav dan ona je tumarala okolo

totally dirty.

samo u svom donjem vešu.

And all day she walked around

Kada sam upitala: "Ko je to?",

only in her underwear.

žena mi je odgovorila: "To je Vei.

When I asked, "Who is that?"

Njeno ime znači svinja.

She said, "That's Wei.

Majka joj je umrla na porođaju,

The meaning of her name is pig.

a niko nije imao pojma ko je njen otac."

Her mother died while giving birth to her,

Te dve nedelje, ona je postala moj saputnik,

and no one had any idea who her father was."

spavala je pored mene.

For two weeks, she became my companion,

Kupila sam joj staru odeću

slept with me.

i njenu prvu lutku.

I bought her used clothes

Veče pre nego što je trebalo da odem,

and bought her her first doll.

došla je u moju sobu

The night before I left,

i rekla: "Lejma, ne ostavljaj me ovde.

she came to the room

Želim da pođem s tobom.

and said, "Leymah, don't leave me here.

Želim da idem u školu."

I wish to go with you.

Veoma siromašna, bez novca,

I wish to go to school."

živeći u kući s mojim roditeljima,

Dirt poor, no money,

ponovo sam rekla: "Ne."

living with my parents,

Dva meseca potom,

I again said, "No."

u oba sela je izbio rat.

Two months later,

Ni danas ne znam

both of those villages fell into another war.

Till today, I have no idea

gde su te devojčice.

Godina 2004.

where those two girls are.

Fast-forward, 2004:

Na vrhuncu našeg aktivizma,

ministar Liberije me je pozvao

In the peak of our activism,

i rekao: "Lejma, imam za tebe jednu devetogodišnjakinju.

the minister of Gender Liberia called me

Hoću da je odvedeš kući

and said, "Leymah, I have a nine-year-old for you.

jer nemamo sigurne kuće."

I want you to bring her home

Ovo je priča te devojčice:

because we don't have safe homes."

silovao ju je

The story of this little girl:

njen deda sa očeve strane

She had been raped

svakog dana, šest meseci.

by her paternal grandfather

Došla je kod mene naduvena,

every day for six months.

veoma bleda.

She came to me bloated,

Svake noći kada bih se vratila sa posla i legla na hladan pod,

very pale.

ona bi legla pored mene

Every night I'd come from work and lie on the cold floor.

i rekla: "Tetkice, želim da budem dobro.

She'd lie beside me

Želim da idem u školu."

and say, "Auntie, I wish to be well.

2010.:

I wish to go to school."

Mlada žena stoji ispred predsednice Sirlif

2010:

i priča svoju priču

A young woman stands before President Sirleaf

kako ona i njena braća i sestre žive zajedno,

and gives her testimony

a roditelji su im poginuli u ratu.

of how she and her siblings live together,

Ima 19 godina. Sanja o tome da se školuje

their father and mother died during the war.

kako bi mogla da ih izdržava.

She's 19; her dream is to go to college

Sportski je građena.

to be able to support them.

Jedna od stvari koja se desila

She's highly athletic.

je ta da je konkurisala za stipendiju.

One of the things that happens

Punu stipendiju. Dobija je.

is that she applies for a scholarship.

Njen san da ide u školu,

Full scholarship. She gets it.

njena želja da se obrazuje,

Her dream of going to school,

konačno su ostvareni.

her wish of being educated,

Odlazi u školu prvog dana.

is finally here.

Profesor fizičkog

She goes to school on the first day.

koji je odgovoran za njen program

The director of sports

je zamoli da izađe iz učionice.

who's responsible for getting her into the program

Sledeće tri godine,

asks her to come out of class.

je bila osuđena na

And for the next three years,

seksualne odnose sa njim svakog dana

her fate will be

za uslugu što ju je pustio u školu.

having sex with him every day,

Globalno, postoji politika,

as a favor for getting her in school.

Globally, we have policies,

internacionalni instrumenti,

vođe poslova.

international instruments,

Veliki ljudi su se obavezali

work leaders.

da ćemo zaštititi našu decu

Great people have made commitments --

od požude i straha.

we will protect our children

Postoji Povelja o pravima deteta Ujedinjenih nacija.

from want and from fear.

The U.N. has the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Iz zemalja poput Amerike dolaze inicijative kao što je "Nijedno dete zanemareno".

Countries like America, we've heard things like No Child Left Behind.

Druge zemlje imaju različite stvari.

Postoji milenijumski pokret koji se zove "Tri"

Other countries come with different things.

i fokusiran je na devojčice.

There is a Millennium Development called Three

that focuses on girls.

Sva ova izuzetna dela izuzetnih ljudi

posvećena usmeravanju mladih ljudi

All of these great works by great people

ka onome gde bismo globalno želeli da budu,

aimed at getting young people

su po mom mišljenju propala.

to where we want to get them globally,

Na primer, u Liberiji,

I think, has failed.

je trudna

In Liberia, for example,

svaka treća od deset tinejdžerki.

the teenage pregnancy rate

is three to every 10 girls.

Maloletničko prostituisanje je na vrhuncu.

U jednoj zajednici su nam rekli,

Teen prostitution is at its peak.

da kada se probudiš ujutru

In one community, we're told,

ugledaš upotrebljene kondome kao papiriće od žvaka.

you wake up in the morning

and see used condoms like used chewing gum paper.

Čak i dvanaestogodišnjakinje rade kao prostitutke,

za manje od dolar za jednu noć.

Girls as young as 12 being prostituted

for less than a dollar a night.

To je srceparajuće, to je žalosno.

A onda me je neko pitao,

It's disheartening, it's sad.

baš pre mog izlaganja ovde, pre nekoliko dana,

And then someone asked me,

"Pa, ima li nade?"

just before my TEDTalk, a few days ago,

Pre par godina, nekoliko mojih prijatelja

"So where is the hope?"

je odlučilo da treba da premostimo jaz

Several years ago, a few friends of mine

između naše generacije

decided we needed to bridge the disconnect

i generacije mladih žena.

between our generation

Nije dovoljno reći

and the generation of young women.

imate dva laureata Nobelove nagrade u republici Liberiji,

It's not enough to say

kada su pri tome vaše devojčice na ulicama

you have two Nobel laureates from the Republic of Liberia

i to bez nade, ili bar tako izgleda.

when your girls' kids are totally out there

Stvorili smo pokret

and no hope, or seemingly no hope.

nazvan "Projekat za pomoć mladim devojkama".

We created a space

Posećujemo seoske zajednice

called the Young Girls Transformative Project.

i radimo isto ono što se radi u ovoj prostoriji,

We go into rural communities

a to je - stvaramo atmosferu.

and all we do, like has been done in this room,

Kada ove devojčice sednu,

is create the space.

vi date šansu inteligenciji,

When these girls sit,

date šansu strasti,

you unlock intelligence,

date šansu posvećenosti,

you unlock passion,

date šansu usredsređenosti,

you unlock commitment,

date šansu velikim vođama.

you unlock focus,

Do danas smo radili sa više od 300 devojčica.

you unlock great leaders.

Neke od tih devojaka

Today, we've worked with over 300.

koje su stidljivo ušle u sobu

And some of those girls

su preuzele odvažne korake, kao mlade majke,

who walked in the room very shy

da izađu i da se zalažu

have taken bold steps, as young mothers,

za prava drugih mladih žena.

to go out there and advocate

Jedna mlada žena koju sam srela,

for the rights of other young women.

tinejdžerka sa četvoro dece,

One young woman I met,

nikada nije pomišljala da završi školu,

teen mother of four,

uspešno je diplomirala;

never thought about finishing high school,

nikada nije pomišljala da studira,

graduated successfully;

upisala se na fakultet.

never thought about going to college,

Jednog dana mi je rekla:

enrolled in college.

"Želim da završim fakultet

One day she said to me,

i izdržavam svoju decu."

"My wish is to finish college

Živi na mestu gde ne može doći do novca

and be able to support my children."

za školovanje.

She's at a place where she can't find money

Prodaje vodu, sokove,

to go to school.

kartice za mobilne telefone.

She sells water, sells soft drinks

and sells recharge cards for cellphones.

Pomislili biste da štedi taj novac

i ulaže u svoje obrazovanje.

And you would think she would take that money

Zove se Huanita.

and put it back into her education.

Ona taj novac daje

Juanita is her name.

samohranim majkama u svojoj zajednici

She takes that money

koje šalje nazad u školu.

and finds single mothers in her community

Ona kaže: "Lejma, moja želja

to send back to school.

je da se obrazujem.

Says, "Leymah, my wish

A ako ja ne mogu da se obrazujem,

is to be educated.

kada vidim da se neka od mojih sestara obrazuje,

And if I can't be educated,

moja želja se ostvaruje.

when I see some of my sisters being educated,

Želim bolji život.

my wish has been fulfilled.

Želim hranu za moju decu.

I wish for a better life.

Želim da prestane seksualno zlostavljanje i iskorištavanje u školama."

I wish for food for my children.

I wish that sexual abuse and exploitation in schools would stop."

Ovo je san afričke devojke.

Pre nekoliko godina,

This is the dream of the African girl.

živela je jedna afrička devojčica.

Several years ago,

Imala je sina

there was one African girl.

koji je želeo komadić krofne

This girl had a son

jer je bio jako gladan.

who wished for a piece of doughnut

Ljuta, frustrirana,

because he was extremely hungry.

zaista uznemirena

Angry, frustrated,

stanjem svog društva

really upset

i stanjem svoje dece,

about the state of her society

ova mlada devojka je osnovala pokret,

and the state of her children,

gde su se obične žene

this young girl started a movement,

udružile da bi

a movement of ordinary women

se izborile za mir.

banding together

Ja ću ispuniti tu želju.

to build peace.

Ovo je želja druge afričke devojke.

I will fulfill the wish.

Nisam uspela da ispunim želje te dve devojke.

This is another African girl's wish.

Nisam uspela.

I failed to fulfill the wish of those two girls.

Ovo su bile stvari koje su prolazile kroz glavu tim mladim ženama -

I failed to do this.

nisam uspela, nisam uspela, nisam uspela.

These were the things that were going through the head of this other young woman --

Ja ću uraditi to.

I failed, I failed, I failed.

So I will do this.

Žene su izašle,

usprotivile se brutalnom diktatoru,

Women came out,

govorile bez straha.

protested a brutal dictator,

Ne samo da je želja za parčetom krofne ispunjena,

fearlessly spoke.

Not only did the wish of a piece of doughnut come true,

već je i želja za mirom ispunjena.

Ova mlada žena

the wish of peace came true.

je takođe želela da ide u školu.

This young woman

Išla je u školu.

wished also to go to school.

Ova mlada žena je želela da se dese i druge stvari,

She went to school.

i one su se desile.

This young woman wished for other things to happen,

Danas sam ja ta mlada žena,

it happened for her.

Today, this young woman is me,

dobitnik Nobelove nagrade.

Na putu sam

a Nobel laureate.

da ispunim želju,

I'm now on a journey

koliko je to u mojoj moći,

to fulfill the wish,

želju mladih afričkih devojaka -

in my tiny capacity,

da se obrazuju.

of little African girls --

Osnovali smo fondaciju.

the wish of being educated.

Dajemo pune četvorogodišnje stipendije

We set up a foundation.

devojčicama iz sela u kojima vidimo potencijal.

We're giving full four-year scholarships

Ne tražim mnogo od vas.

to girls from villages that we see with potential.

Takođe sam posetila mesta u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama,

I don't have much to ask of you.

i znam da devojke iz ove zemlje

I've also been to places in this U.S.,

takođe imaju želje,

and I know that girls in this country

za boljim životom negde u Bronksu,

also have wishes,

za boljim životom

a wish for a better life somewhere in the Bronx,

negde u Los Anđelesu,

a wish for a better life

za boljim životom negde u Teksasu,

somewhere in downtown L.A.,

za boljim životom negde u Njujorku,

a wish for a better life somewhere in Texas,

za boljim životom

a wish for a better life somewhere in New York,

negde u Nju Džerziju.

a wish for a better life

Hoćete li da mi se pridružite u pokušaju

somewhere in New Jersey.

da pomognemo toj devojci,

Will you journey with me

bilo da je ona iz Afrike ili Amerike

to help that girl,

ili Japana

be it an African girl or an American girl

da joj ispunimo želju,

or a Japanese girl,

njen san,

fulfill her wish,

da dostigne taj san?

fulfill her dream,

Zato što svi ovi

achieve that dream?

veliki inovatori i izumitelji

Because all of these

sa kojima smo razgovarali i koje smo videli

great innovators and inventors

poslednjih nekoliko dana,

that we've talked to and seen

takođe sede i u skrivenim ćoškovima

over the last few days

širom sveta,

are also sitting in tiny corners

i sve što traže od nas

in different parts of the world,

je da stvorimo tu atmosferu koja će

and all they're asking us to do

osloboditi inteligenciju,

is create that space

osloboditi strast,

to unlock the intelligence,

osloboditi sve divne stvari

unlock the passion,

koje nose u sebi.

unlock all of the great things

Putujmo zajedno. Putujmo zajedno.

that they hold within themselves.

Hvala vam.

Let's journey together. Let's journey together.

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

(Applause)

Kris Anderson: Hvala vam mnogo.

Upravo sada u Liberiji,

Chris Anderson: Thank you so much.

šta je to

Right now in Liberia,

što vam najviše smeta?

what do you see

LG: Tražili su mi da vodim

as the main issue that troubles you?

Pokret mira Liberije.

LG: I've been asked to lead

Kao deo mog posla,

the Liberian Reconciliation Initiative.

obilazim

As part of my work,

različita sela i gradove -

I'm doing these tours

13,15 sati na prašnjavim putevima -

in different villages and towns --

13, 15 hours on dirt roads --

i nema zajednice u kojoj sam bila,

a u kojoj nije bilo inteligentnih devojčica.

and there is no community that I've gone into

that I haven't seen intelligent girls.

Na žalost,

vizija velike budućnosti,

But sadly,

ili san o velikoj budućnosti,

the vision of a great future,

samo je san,

or the dream of a great future,

jer se susrećete sa svim tim porocima.

is just a dream,

Tinejdžerska trudnoća je, kao što sam rekla, epidemija.

because you have all of these vices.

Dakle, ono što me brine

Teen pregnancy, like I said, is epidemic.

je to da sam bila tamo,

So what troubles me

is that I was at that place

i nekako sam došla i ovde,

a ne želim da budem jedina

and somehow I'm at this place,

koja je ovde dospela.

and I just don't want to be the only one

Tražim načine

at this place.

da druge devojke budu uz mene.

I'm looking for ways

Želim da, kada se za 20 godina osvrnem,

for other girls to be with me.

vidim da jedna devojka iz Liberije,

I want to look back 20 years from now

Gane, Nigerije, Etiopije

and see that there's another Liberian girl,

stoji na ovoj TED pozornici.

Ghanaian girl, Nigerian girl, Ethiopian girl

I možda, samo možda, kaže:

standing on this TED stage.

"Zbog te žene koja je dobila Nobelovu nagradu

And maybe, just maybe, saying,

ja sam danas ovde."

"Because of that Nobel laureate

Veoma sam zabrinuta

I'm here today."

kada ih vidim beznadežne.

So I'm troubled

Ali ipak nisam tako pesimistična,

when I see them like there's no hope.

jer znam da mi ne treba mnogo

But I'm also not pessimistic,

da bih ih podstakla.

because I know it doesn't take a lot

KA: Podelite sa nama jednu stvar

to get them charged up.

koja se desila prošle godine, a koja budi nadu,

CA: And in the last year,

i kojoj ste bili svedok.

tell us one hopeful thing

LG: Mogu da vam pričam o mnogim takvim primerima.

that you've seen happening.

Ali prošle godine

LG: I can tell you many hopeful things that I've seen happening.

smo otišli u selo iz kojeg je predsednica Sirlif,

But in the last year,

otišli smo da radimo sa devojčicama.

where President Sirleaf comes from, her village,

Nismo mogli da nađemo 25 devojčica

we went there to work with these girls.

u srednjoj školi.

And we could not find 25 girls

Sve ove devojčice su išle u rudnik zlata,

in high school.

a uglavnom su bile prostitutke

All of these girls went to the gold mine,

i radile razne stvari.

and they were predominantly prostitutes

Okupili smo 50 devojaka

doing other things.

i radili sa njima.

We took 50 of those girls

To je bilo na početku izbora.

and we worked with them.

To je mesto gde žene nikada -

And this was at the beginning of elections.

čak ni one starije -

This is one place where women were never --

nisu čak ni sedele u društvu muškaraca.

even the older ones

Ove devojke su se udružile, formirale grupu

barely sat in the circle with the men.

i započele kampanju

These girls banded together and formed a group

za registraciju glasača.

and launched a campaign

To je zaista pravo ruralno mesto.

for voter registration.

A slogan koji su koristile je bio:

This is a real rural village.

"Čak i lepe devojke glasaju."

And the theme they used was:

Uspele su da okupe mlade žene.

"Even pretty girls vote."

Ali nisu samo to uradile.

They were able to mobilize young women.

Otišle su do onih koji su se kandidovali

But not only did they do that,

i pitali ih: "Šta je to

they went to those who were running for seats

što ćete pružiti devojkama ove zajednice

to ask them, "What is it

kada pobedite?"

that you will give the girls of this community

Jedan od tih ljudi

when you win?"

koji je već imao mesto je bio vrlo -

And one of the guys

Liberija ima jedan od najstrožih zakona o silovanju,

who already had a seat was very --

on je bio jedan od onih koji se zaista bore u parlamentu

because Liberia has one of the strongest rape laws,

da preobliče taj zakon

and he was one of those really fighting in parliament

jer ga je nazvao varvarskim.

to overturn that law

Silovanje nije varvarsko, ali zakon, rekao je, jeste.

because he called it barbaric.

Rape is not barbaric, but the law, he said, was barbaric.

A kada su devojke počele da razgovaraju s njim,

bio je veoma neljubazan.

And when the girls started engaging him,

Te mlade devojke su se okrenule i rekle mu:

he was very hostile towards them.

"Zbacićemo te sa položaja."

These little girls turned to him and said,

On danas više nije na tom položaju.

"We will vote you out of office."

(Aplauz)

He's out of office today.

(Applause)

KA: Lejma, hvala. Hvala mnogo na gostovanju na TED-u.

LG: Nema na čemu. (KA: Hvala.)

CA: Leymah, thank you. Thank you so much for coming to TED.

(Aplauz)

LG: You're welcome. (CA: Thank you.)

(Applause)