This could be why you're depressed or anxious | Johann Hari | TED

Prevodilac: Kristina Radosavljević Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

For a really long time,

Prilično dugo vremena

I had two mysteries that were hanging over me.

su me opsedale dve misterije.

I didn't understand them

Nisam ih razumeo,

and, to be honest, I was quite afraid to look into them.

i iskreno, prilično me je plašilo da razmišljam o njima.

The first mystery was, I'm 40 years old,

Prva misterija je: imam 40 godina,

and all throughout my lifetime, year after year,

i kroz ceo moj život, iz godine u godinu,

serious depression and anxiety have risen,

ozbiljna depresija i anksioznost su u porastu,

in the United States, in Britain,

u Sjedinjenim Državama, u Velikoj Britaniji,

and across the Western world.

i širom zapadnog sveta.

And I wanted to understand why.

Želeo sam da razumem zašto.

Why is this happening to us?

Zašto se to nama dešava?

Why is it that with each year that passes,

Zašto se, iz godine u godinu,

more and more of us are finding it harder to get through the day?

sve veći broj nas nađe u situaciji da sve teže izgura dan?

And I wanted to understand this because of a more personal mystery.

Želeo sam da razumem ovo više zbog lične misterije.

When I was a teenager,

Kada sam bio tinejdžer,

I remember going to my doctor

sećam se da sam išao kod doktora

and explaining that I had this feeling, like pain was leaking out of me.

i objasnio mu da imam taj osećaj kao da bol curi iz mene.

I couldn't control it,

Nisam ga mogao kontrolisati,

I didn't understand why it was happening,

nisam razumeo zašto se to dešava,

I felt quite ashamed of it.

stideo sam se toga.

And my doctor told me a story

Doktor mi je ispričao priču

that I now realize was well-intentioned,

koja je, sad shvatam, bila dobronamerna,

but quite oversimplified.

ali prilično uprošćena.

Not totally wrong.

Ne potpuno pogrešna.

My doctor said, "We know why people get like this.

Moj doktor je rekao: „Znamo zašto ljudi postaju takvi.

Some people just naturally get a chemical imbalance in their heads --

Neki ljudi prirodno imaju hemijski disbalans u glavi -

you're clearly one of them.

ti si očigledno jedan od njih.

All we need to do is give you some drugs,

Samo treba da ti damo neke lekove,

i tvoj hemijski balans će se vratiti u normalu.“

it will get your chemical balance back to normal."

So I started taking a drug called Paxil or Seroxat,

Počeo sam da uzimam lekove Paksil ili Seroksat,

it's the same thing with different names in different countries.

isti lek pod drugim nazivima u različitim zemljama.

I osećao sam se mnogo bolje, stvarno me je to podiglo.

And I felt much better, I got a real boost.

But not very long afterwards,

Ali nedugo potom,

this feeling of pain started to come back.

onaj osećaj bola se počeo vraćati.

So I was given higher and higher doses

Davali su mi sve veće i veće doze,

until, for 13 years, I was taking the maximum possible dose

dok za 13 godina nisam počeo uzimati maksimalnu moguću dozu

that you're legally allowed to take.

koja je zakonski dozvoljena da se uzima.

And for a lot of those 13 years, and pretty much all the time by the end,

Tokom većeg dela tih 13 godina, i uglavnom sve vreme pred kraj,

I was still in a lot of pain.

bio sam u bolovima.

And I started asking myself, "What's going on here?

Počeo sam da se pitam: „Šta se dešava?

Because you're doing everything

Radiš sve što su ti rekli da radiš,

you're told to do by the story that's dominating the culture --

po obrascu koji dominira ovom kulturom -

why do you still feel like this?"

zašto se još uvek osećaš tako?“

So to get to the bottom of these two mysteries,

Da bih otkrio srž ove dve misterije,

for a book that I've written

za knjigu koju sam napisao,

I ended up going on a big journey all over the world,

završio sam na velikom putovanju po svetu,

i proputovao preko 64 000 kilometara.

I traveled over 40,000 miles.

I wanted to sit with the leading experts in the world

Želeo sam da pričam sa vodećim svetskim stručnjacima

about what causes depression and anxiety

o uzrocima depresije i anksioznosti,

and crucially, what solves them,

i što je najbitnije, šta ih rešava,

and people who have come through depression and anxiety

i ljudima koji su prošli kroz depresiju i anksioznost,

and out the other side in all sorts of ways.

i pronašli izlaz na razne načine.

And I learned a huge amount

Mnogo toga sam naučio

from the amazing people I got to know along the way.

od neverovatnih ljudi koje sam upoznavao tokom putovanja.

But I think at the heart of what I learned is,

Ali smatram da je suština onoga što sam naučio do sada

so far, we have scientific evidence

da imamo naučne dokaze

for nine different causes of depression and anxiety.

za devet različitih uzroka depresije i anksioznosti.

Two of them are indeed in our biology.

Dva uzročnika su stvarno biološka.

Your genes can make you more sensitive to these problems,

Vaši geni vas mogu učiniti osetljivijim na te probleme,

though they don't write your destiny.

iako oni ne određuju vašu sudbinu.

And there are real brain changes that can happen when you become depressed

Postoje i stvarne promene u mozgu koje mogu da se dese

kada upadnete u depresiju

that can make it harder to get out.

i koje mogu otežati izlazak iz nje.

But most of the factors that have been proven

Ali većina faktora koji su potvrđeni

to cause depression and anxiety

kao uzroci depresije i anksioznosti

are not in our biology.

nisu biološke prirode.

They are factors in the way we live.

To su faktori koji se nalaze u načinu na koji živimo.

And once you understand them,

Onog momenta kada ih razumete,

it opens up a very different set of solutions

to otvara veoma drugačiji spektar rešenja

that should be offered to people

koji bi trebalo ponuditi ljudima

alongside the option of chemical antidepressants.

uz opciju hemijskih antidepresiva.

For example,

Na primer:

if you're lonely, you're more likely to become depressed.

ako ste usamljeni, veća je verovatnoća da ćete postati depresivni.

If, when you go to work, you don't have any control over your job,

Ako radite, a nemate nikakvu kontrolu nad svojim poslom,

you've just got to do what you're told,

nego samo radite ono šta vam se kaže,

you're more likely to become depressed.

veća je verovatnoća da ćete postati depresivni.

If you very rarely get out into the natural world,

Ako retko kad izlazite u prirodu,

you're more likely to become depressed.

veća je verovatnoća da ćete postati depresivni.

And one thing unites a lot of the causes of depression and anxiety

A jedna stvar objedinjuje mnogo uzroka depresije i anksioznosti

that I learned about.

o kojima sam slušao.

Not all of them, but a lot of them.

Ne sve, ali dosta njih.

Everyone here knows

Svi ovde znaju

you've all got natural physical needs, right?

da svi imamo prirodne fizičke potrebe, zar ne?

Obviously.

Očigledno.

You need food, you need water,

Treba vam hrana, treba vam voda,

you need shelter, you need clean air.

prenoćište, čist vazduh.

If I took those things away from you,

Ako bih uzeo to od vas,

you'd all be in real trouble, real fast.

bili biste veoma brzo u stvarnom problemu.

But at the same time,

Ali u isto vreme,

every human being has natural psychological needs.

svako ljudsko biće ima prirodne psihološke potrebe.

You need to feel you belong.

Potrebno vam je da osećate pripadnost.

You need to feel your life has meaning and purpose.

Potrebno vam je da osetite da vaš život ima smisao i svrhu,

You need to feel that people see you and value you.

da osetite da vas ljudi prepoznaju i cene,

You need to feel you've got a future that makes sense.

da osetite da imate budućnost koja ima smisla.

And this culture we built is good at lots of things.

Ova kultura koju smo izgradili je dobra po pitanju dosta stvari.

And many things are better than in the past --

Mnoge stvari su bolje nego u prošlosti -

I'm glad to be alive today.

drago mi je što živim u sadašnjici.

But we've been getting less and less good

Ali sve smo lošiji i lošiji

u ispunjavanju ovih dubokih, osnovnih psiholoških potreba.

at meeting these deep, underlying psychological needs.

And it's not the only thing that's going on,

I to nije jedino što se dešava,

ali smatram da je to ključni razlog zašto se ova kriza stalno produbljuje.

but I think it's the key reason why this crisis keeps rising and rising.

And I found this really hard to absorb.

Shvatio sam da je to jako teško prihvatiti.

I really wrestled with the idea

Stvarno sam se borio sa ovom idejom

of shifting from thinking of my depression as just a problem in my brain,

promene od razmišljanja o depresiji kao problemu samo u mom mozgu

to one with many causes,

do o problemu sa više uzroka,

including many in the way we're living.

uključujući mnoge vezane za način na koji živimo.

And it only really began to fall into place for me

To je tek počelo da se uklapa u mojoj glavi

when one day, I went to interview a South African psychiatrist

kada sam jednog dana otišao da razgovaram sa južnoafričkim psihijatrom

named Dr. Derek Summerfield.

po imenu dr Derek Samerfild.

He's a great guy.

On je sjajan lik.

And Dr. Summerfield happened to be in Cambodia in 2001,

Dr Samerfild je sticajem okolnosti bio u Kambodži 2001. godine,

when they first introduced chemical antidepressants

kada su prvi put predstavili hemijske antidepresive

for people in that country.

ljudima u zemlji.

And the local doctors, the Cambodians, had never heard of these drugs,

Lokalni doktori, Kambodžijanci, nikada nisu čuli za ovu vrstu lekova,

so they were like, what are they?

pa su pitali šta je to.

And he explained.

On je objasnio.

And they said to him,

Onda su mu oni rekli:

"We don't need them, we've already got antidepressants."

„Nama to ne treba, mi već imamo antidepresive.”

And he was like, "What do you mean?"

On je bio u fazonu: „Kako to mislite?”

He thought they were going to talk about some kind of herbal remedy,

Mislio je da će pričati o nekoj vrsti biljnog leka,

like St. John's Wort, ginkgo biloba, something like that.

kao, na primer, o kantarionu, ginko bilobi ili nečemu sličnom.

Instead, they told him a story.

Umesto toga, oni su mu ispričali priču.

There was a farmer in their community who worked in the rice fields.

Bio je jedan farmer u njihovoj zajednici koji je radio na prinčanim poljima.

And one day, he stood on a land mine

Jednog dana, stao je na minu

left over from the war with the United States,

zaostalu iz rata sa Sjedinjenim Državama,

and he got his leg blown off.

i izgubio je nogu.

So they him an artificial leg,

Nabavili su mu veštačku nogu,

and after a while, he went back to work in the rice fields.

i nakon izvesnog vremena, vratio se u pirinčana polja.

Očigledno, bilo je izuzetno bolno raditi pod vodom

But apparently, it's super painful to work under water

when you've got an artificial limb,

kada imate veštački ud,

and I'm guessing it was pretty traumatic

i pretpostavljam da je bilo i prilično traumatično

to go back and work in the field where he got blown up.

vratiti se natrag na polje gde je bio raznesen.

The guy started to cry all day,

Čovek je počeo plakati po ceo dan,

he refused to get out of bed,

odbijao je da izađe iz kreveta,

he developed all the symptoms of classic depression.

razvio je sve simptome klasične depresije.

The Cambodian doctor said,

Kambodžanski doktor je rekao:

"This is when we gave him an antidepressant."

„Tada smo mu dali antidepresiv.”

And Dr. Summerfield said, "What was it?"

A dr Samerfild je pitao: „Šta ste mu dali?”

They explained that they went and sat with him.

Objasnili su da su otišli kod njega,

They listened to him.

saslušali ga,

They realized that his pain made sense --

i shvatili da njegov bol ima smisla -

it was hard for him to see it in the throes of his depression,

za njega je bilo teško da to vidi, gušeći se u depresiji,

but actually, it had perfectly understandable causes in his life.

ali u suštini je to imalo potpuno razumljive uzroke u njegovom životu.

One of the doctors, talking to the people in the community, figured,

Jedan od doktora je pomislio, pričajući sa ljudima iz zajednice:

„Znate, ako mu kupimo kravu,

"You know, if we bought this guy a cow,

he could become a dairy farmer,

mogao bi da postane mlekar,

he wouldn't be in this position that was screwing him up so much,

i ne bi bio u poziciji koja ga toliko remeti,

ne bi morao da ide da radi u pirinčanim poljima.”

he wouldn't have to go and work in the rice fields."

Tako su mu kupili kravu.

So they bought him a cow.

Za nekoliko nedelja plakanje je prestalo,

Within a couple of weeks, his crying stopped,

within a month, his depression was gone.

u roku od mesec dana njegova depresija je nestala.

They said to doctor Summerfield,

Rekli su doktoru Samerfildu:

"So you see, doctor, that cow, that was an antidepressant,

„Vidite, doktore, ta krava je bila antidepresiv,

that's what you mean, right?"

to je ono na šta mislite, zar ne?”

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

If you'd been raised to think about depression the way I was,

Da ste odgajani da razmišljate o depresiji na način na koji sam ja,

and most of the people here were,

a većina ljudi jeste,

that sounds like a bad joke, right?

to zvuči kao loša šala, zar ne?

"I went to my doctor for an antidepressant,

„Otišao sam kod doktorke po antidepresiv, i dala mi je kravu.”

she gave me a cow."

But what those Cambodian doctors knew intuitively,

Ali ono što su kambodžanski doktori intuitivno znali,

based on this individual, unscientific anecdote,

zasnovano na ovoj pojedinačnoj, nenaučnoj anegdoti,

is what the leading medical body in the world,

je ono što vodeća svetska zdravstvena institucija,

the World Health Organization,

Svetska zdravstvena organizacija,

has been trying to tell us for years,

pokušava da nam kaže godinama unazad,

based on the best scientific evidence.

zasnovano na najboljim naučnim dokazima.

If you're depressed,

Ako ste depresivni,

if you're anxious,

ako ste anksiozni,

you're not weak, you're not crazy,

niste slabi, niste ludi,

you're not, in the main, a machine with broken parts.

niste, pobogu, mašina sa polomljenim delovima.

You're a human being with unmet needs.

Vi ste ljudsko biće sa potrebama koje nisu ispunjene.

And it's just as important to think here about what those Cambodian doctors

Jednako je važno razmisliti o onome što kambodžanski doktori

and the World Health Organization are not saying.

i Svetska zdravstvena organizacija ne govore.

They did not say to this farmer,

Oni ne govore ovom farmeru:

"Hey, buddy, you need to pull yourself together.

„Hej, drugar, moraš da se sabereš.

It's your job to figure out and fix this problem on your own."

Tvoj posao je da sam rešiš ovaj problem.”

On the contrary, what they said is,

Naprotiv, oni kažu:

"We're here as a group to pull together with you,

„Ovde smo kao grupa da ti pomognemo,

so together, we can figure out and fix this problem."

zajedno možemo da shvatimo i rešimo ovaj problem.”

This is what every depressed person needs,

To je ono što svaka osoba koja je u depresiji treba,

and it's what every depressed person deserves.

i ono što svaka osoba koja je u depresiji zaslužuje.

This is why one of the leading doctors at the United Nations,

Upravo zato je jedan od vodećih doktora u Ujedinjenim nacijama,

in their official statement for World Health Day,

u zvaničnoj izjavi povodom Svetskog dana zdravlja,

couple of years back in 2017,

pre par godina, 2017. godine,

said we need to talk less about chemical imbalances

rekao da treba manje razgovarati o hemijskoj neuravnoteženosti,

and more about the imbalances in the way we live.

a više o neuravnoteženosti u načinu na koji živimo.

Drugs give real relief to some people --

Lekovi pružaju pravo olakšanje nekim ljudima -

they gave relief to me for a while --

meni su pružali olakšanje neko vreme -

but precisely because this problem goes deeper than their biology,

ali upravo zbog toga što ovaj problem prevazilazi biologiju,

the solutions need to go much deeper, too.

rešenje mora takođe da bude trajnije.

But when I first learned that,

Kada sam ovo prvi put shvatio,

I remember thinking,

sećam se da sam pomislio:

"OK, I could see all the scientific evidence,

„Okej, mogao sam da vidim sve naučne dokaze,

I read a huge number of studies,

pročitao sam brojna istraživanja,

I interviewed a huge number of the experts who were explaining this,"

razgovarao sa velikim brojem stručnjaka koji su ovo objašnjavali,”

but I kept thinking, "How can we possibly do that?"

ali stalno sam mislio: „Kako to možemo da uradimo?”

The things that are making us depressed

Stvari koje nas čine depresivnim

are in most cases more complex than what was going on

su u većini slučajeva mnogo komplikovanije

with this Cambodian farmer.

nego kod kambodžanskog farmera.

Where do we even begin with that insight?

Sa čim uopšte da počnemo?

But then, in the long journey for my book,

Ali opet, na dugom putovanju za moju knjigu,

all over the world,

širom sveta,

I kept meeting people who were doing exactly that,

susretao sam ljude koji su upravo to radili,

from Sydney, to San Francisco,

od Sidneja, San Franciska,

to São Paulo.

do Sao Paula.

I kept meeting people who were understanding

Sretao sam se sa ljudima koji su razumeli

the deeper causes of depression and anxiety

dublje uzroke depresije i anksioznosti

and, as groups, fixing them.

i koji su ih, kao grupa, rešavali.

Obviously, I can't tell you about all the amazing people

Očigledno, ne mogu da vam pričam o svim neverovatnim ljudima

I got to know and wrote about,

koje sam upoznao i pisao o njima,

or all of the nine causes of depression and anxiety that I learned about,

ili o svih devet uzroka depresije i anksioznosti za koje sam saznao,

because they won't let me give a 10-hour TED Talk --

zato što mi ne daju da održim TED govor od 10 sati -

you can complain about that to them.

možete im se žaliti na to.

But I want to focus on two of the causes

Želim da se fokusiram na dva uzroka

and two of the solutions that emerge from them, if that's alright.

i dva rešenja koja proizilaze iz njih, ako se slažete.

Here's the first.

Evo prvog:

We are the loneliest society in human history.

Mi smo najusamljenije društvo u ljudskoj istoriji.

There was a recent study that asked Americans,

Postoji nedavno istraživanje koje je pitalo Amerikance:

"Do you feel like you're no longer close to anyone?"

„Da li imate osećaj kao da više niste bliski ni sa kim?”

And 39 percent of people said that described them.

I 39% ljudi je reklo da to odgovara njihovom opisu.

„Nisam više blizak ni sa kim.”

"No longer close to anyone."

In the international measurements of loneliness,

Na međunarodnim skalama usamljenosti,

Britain and the rest of Europe are just behind the US,

Velika Britanija i ostatak Evrope su odmah iza Sjedinjenih Država,

in case anyone here is feeling smug.

za slučaj da neko likuje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I spent a lot of time discussing this

Puno vremena sam proveo razgovarajući o ovome

with the leading expert in the world on loneliness,

sa vodećim svetskim stručnjacima za usamljenost,

an incredible man named professor John Cacioppo,

sa izuzetnim čovek po imenu profesor Džon Kasiopo,

who was at Chicago,

koji je bio u Čikagu,

and I thought a lot about one question his work poses to us.

i razmišljao sam o jednom pitanju koje nam njegov rad postavlja.

Professor Cacioppo asked,

Profesor Kasiopo je pitao:

"Why do we exist?

„Zašto postojimo?

Why are we here, why are we alive?"

Zašto smo ovde, zašto smo živi?”

One key reason

Jedan od ključnih razloga

is that our ancestors on the savannas of Africa

je taj što su naši praoci iz afričkih savana

were really good at one thing.

bili stvarno dobri u jednoj stvari.

They weren't bigger than the animals they took down a lot of the time,

Često nisu bili veći od životinja koje su lovili,

they weren't faster than the animals they took down a lot of the time,

a često nisu bili ni brži od životinja koje su lovili,

but they were much better at banding together into groups

ali su bili mnogo bolji u povezivanju u grupe

and cooperating.

i saradnji.

This was our superpower as a species --

To je bila naša supermoć kao vrste -

we band together,

mi se povezujemo,

just like bees evolved to live in a hive,

baš kao što su se pčele razvile da žive u košnici,

humans evolved to live in a tribe.

ljudi su se razvili da žive u plemenima.

And we are the first humans ever

A mi smo prvi ljudi u istoriji

to disband our tribes.

koji se odriču svojih plemena.

And it is making us feel awful.

Zbog toga se osećamo grozno.

But it doesn't have to be this way.

Ali ne mora da bude tako.

One of the heroes in my book, and in fact, in my life,

Jedan od junaka moje knjige, i zapravo mog života,

is a doctor named Sam Everington.

je doktor po imenu Sem Everington.

He's a general practitioner in a poor part of East London,

On je lekar opšte prakse u siromašnim delovima istočnog Londona,

where I lived for many years.

gde sam ja živeo mnogo godina.

And Sam was really uncomfortable,

Sem se osećao jako neprijatno

because he had loads of patients

zato što je imao gomilu pacijenata

coming to him with terrible depression and anxiety.

koji su mu dolazili sa depresijom i anksioznošću.

And like me, he's not opposed to chemical antidepressants,

Baš kao i ja, nije protivnik hemijskih antidepresiva,

he thinks they give some relief to some people.

smatra da oni pružaju olakšanje nekim ljudima.

Ali je uvideo dve stvari.

But he could see two things.

Firstly, his patients were depressed and anxious a lot of the time

Prvo, njegovi pacijenti su često bili depresivni i anksiozni

for totally understandable reasons, like loneliness.

iz potpuno razumljivih razloga, poput usamljenosti.

And secondly, although the drugs were giving some relief to some people,

Drugo, iako su lekovi pružali olakšanje nekim ljudima,

mnogima nisu rešili problem.

for many people, they didn't solve the problem.

The underlying problem.

Suštinski problem.

One day, Sam decided to pioneer a different approach.

Jednog dana Sem je odlučio da pokrene drugačiji pristup.

A woman came to his center, his medical center,

Žena je došla u njegovu zdravstvenu ustanovu,

called Lisa Cunningham.

a zvala se Lisa Kaningem.

I got to know Lisa later.

Ja sam kasnije upoznao Lisu.

And Lisa had been shut away in her home with crippling depression and anxiety

Lisa je bila zatvorena u svom domu sa jezivom depresijom i anksioznošću

for seven years.

sedam godina.

And when she came to Sam's center, she was told, "Don't worry,

Kada je došla u Semovu ustanovu, rečeno joj je: „Ne brini,

we'll carry on giving you these drugs,

nastavićemo sa davanjem ovih lekova,

but we're also going to prescribe something else.

ali ćemo takođe prepisati nešto drugo.

We're going to prescribe for you to come here to this center twice a week

Prepisaćemo ti da dva puta nedeljno dolaziš u ovaj centar

to meet with a group of other depressed and anxious people,

kako bi upoznala grupu ljudi sa depresijom i anksioznošću,

not to talk about how miserable you are,

ne da biste pričali kako ste nesrećni,

but to figure out something meaningful you can all do together

nego da zajedno pronađete nešto smisleno što biste mogli da uradite,

so you won't be lonely and you won't feel like life is pointless."

tako da ne budeš usamljena i nemaš osećaj da ti je život besmislen.”

The first time this group met,

Prvi put kada se ova grupa sastala,

Lisa literally started vomiting with anxiety,

Lisa je bukvalno počela da povraća od anksioznosti,

it was so overwhelming for her.

to je bilo preemotivno za nju.

But people rubbed her back, the group started talking,

Ali ljudi su bili tu za nju, grupa je počela pričati:

they were like, "What could we do?"

„Šta bismo mogli učiniti?”

These are inner-city, East London people like me,

Ljudi iz grada, iz istočnog Londona, kao ja,

nisu imali pojma o baštovanstvu.

they didn't know anything about gardening.

Bili su u fazonu: „Hajde da naučimo baštovanstvo?”

They were like, "Why don't we learn gardening?"

Postojao je prostor iza doktorskih ordinacija

There was an area behind the doctors' offices

koji je bio zarastao.

that was just scrubland.

„Zašto ne bismo pretvorili to u baštu?”

"Why don't we make this into a garden?"

Počeli su da uzimaju knjige iz biblioteke,

They started to take books out of the library,

da gledaju klipove na Jutjubu.

started to watch YouTube clips.

Počeli su da čeprkaju po zemljištu.

They started to get their fingers in the soil.

They started to learn the rhythms of the seasons.

Počeli su da uče o ritmu godišnjih doba.

There's a lot of evidence

Postoje brojni dokazi da je izloženost prirodi

that exposure to the natural world

is a really powerful antidepressant.

stvarno jak antidepresiv.

But they started to do something even more important.

Ali oni su počeli da rade nešto još značajnije.

They started to form a tribe.

Počeli su da formiraju pleme.

They started to form a group.

Počeli su da osnivaju grupu.

They started to care about each other.

Počeli su da brinu jedni o drugima.

If one of them didn't show up,

Kada se neko od njih ne bi pojavio,

the others would go looking for them -- "Are you OK?"

drugi bi otišli da ih traže - „Jesi li dobro?”,

Help them figure out what was troubling them that day.

pomažući im da shvate šta ih je mučilo tog dana.

Lisa mi je to objasnila ovako:

The way Lisa put it to me,

"As the garden began to bloom,

„Kako je bašta počela da cveta,

we began to bloom."

i mi smo procvetali.”

This approach is called social prescribing,

Ovaj pristup se zove prepisivanje druženja,

it's spreading all over Europe.

i širi se Evropom.

Postoji mala ali sve veća gomila dokaza

And there's a small, but growing body of evidence

koja upućuje da to može proizvesti stvaran i smislen pad

suggesting it can produce real and meaningful falls

in depression and anxiety.

depresije i anksioznosti.

And one day, I remember standing in the garden

Sećam se jednog dana, dok sam stajao u bašti

that Lisa and her once-depressed friends had built --

koju su napravili Lisa i njeni nekada depresivni prijatelji -

it's a really beautiful garden --

stvarno prelepa bašta -

and having this thought,

razmišljao sam o ovome,

it's very much inspired by a guy called professor Hugh Mackay in Australia.

prilično inspirisan čovekom po imenu profesor Hju Mekaj iz Australije.

I was thinking, so often when people feel down in this culture,

Razmišljao sam o tome da, toliko često kada se ljudi u ovoj kulturi osećaju loše,

what we say to them -- I'm sure everyone here said it, I have --

kažemo im - siguran sam da su svi izgovorili, ja jesam -

we say, "You just need to be you, be yourself."

kažemo: „Samo treba da budeš to što jesi. Budi svoj.”

And I've realized, actually, what we should say to people is,

I shvatio sam da bi zapravo trebalo reći ljudima:

"Don't be you.

„Nemoj biti ti.

Don't be yourself.

Nemoj biti svoj.

Be us, be we.

Budi mi. Budi naš.

Be part of a group."

Budi deo grupe.”

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

The solution to these problems

Rešenje ovih problema

does not lie in drawing more and more on your resources

ne leži u angažovanju sve više i više vaših resursa,

as an isolated individual --

kao usamljene jedinke -

that's partly what got us in this crisis.

delimično to nas je dovelo u krizu.

It lies on reconnecting with something bigger than you.

Leži u ponovnom povezivanju sa nečim što je veće od vas.

And that really connects to one of the other causes

A to je suštinski povezano sa jednim od ostalih uzroka

of depression and anxiety that I wanted to talk to you about.

depresije i anksioznosti o kojima sam želeo da vam pričam.

So everyone knows

Dakle, svi znaju

da je loša hrana počela da nam dominira u ishrani i učinila nas fizički bolesnim.

junk food has taken over our diets and made us physically sick.

I don't say that with any sense of superiority,

Ne govorim ovo sa nekom dozom superiornosti,

bukvalno sam došao ovamo iz Mekdonaldsa.

I literally came to give this talk from McDonald's.

I saw all of you eating that healthy TED breakfast, I was like no way.

Video sam sve vas kako jedete zdrav TED-ov doručak

i bio sam u fazonu - nema šanse.

But just like junk food has taken over our diets and made us physically sick,

Isto kao što je loša hrana preovladala ishranom i učinila nas fizički bolesnim,

a kind of junk values have taken over our minds

tako su i loše vrednosti preuzele naše umove

and made us mentally sick.

i učinile nas mentalno bolesnim.

For thousands of years, philosophers have said,

Hiljadama godina filozofi govore da,

if you think life is about money, and status and showing off,

ako vam se život vrti oko novca, statusa i pokazivanja,

you're going to feel like crap.

osećaćete se očajno.

That's not an exact quote from Schopenhauer,

To nije baš bio precizan citat Šopenhauera,

but that is the gist of what he said.

ali to je suština onoga što je rekao.

But weirdly, hardy anyone had scientifically investigated this,

Ono što je čudno jeste da niko nije naučno istražio ovo,

until a truly extraordinary person I got to know, named professor Tim Kasser,

sve dok istinski vanserijska osoba koju sam upoznao, profesor Tim Kaser,

who's at Knox College in Illinois,

sa Fakulteta Noks u Ilinoisu,

and he's been researching this for about 30 years now.

nije počeo svoje istraživanje pre oko 30 godina.

And his research suggests several really important things.

Njegovo istraživanje je upućivalo na nekoliko važnih stvari.

Firstly, the more you believe

Prvo, što više verujete

you can buy and display your way out of sadness,

da možete novcem i pokazivanjem naći izlaz iz tuge

and into a good life,

ka dobrom životu,

the more likely you are to become depressed and anxious.

veća je verovatnoća da ćete postati depresivni i anksiozni.

And secondly,

Drugo, kao društvo,

as a society, we have become much more driven by these beliefs.

sve nas više pokreću ova verovanja.

All throughout my lifetime,

Tokom celog svog života,

under the weight of advertising and Instagram and everything like them.

pod teretom reklama, Instagrama i svega sličnog tome.

And as I thought about this,

Dok sam razmišljao o tome,

I realized it's like we've all been fed since birth, a kind of KFC for the soul.

shvatio sam da je to kao da su nas od rođenja hranili

nekom vrstom Kej-Ef-Si duševne hrane.

We've been trained to look for happiness in all the wrong places,

Učili su nas da sreću tražimo na pogrešnim mestima,

and just like junk food doesn't meet your nutritional needs

što, baš kao što loša hrana ne može da ispuni vaše potrebe

and actually makes you feel terrible,

i na kraju čini da se osećate očajno,

junk values don't meet your psychological needs,

loše vrednosti ne ispunjavaju vaše psihološke potrebe,

and they take you away from a good life.

i one vas odvlače od dobrog života.

But when I first spent time with professor Kasser

Kada sam prvi put provodio vreme sa profesorom Keserom,

and I was learning all this,

učeći sve ovo,

I felt a really weird mixture of emotions.

osećao sam stvarno čudne pomešane emocije.

Because on the one hand, I found this really challenging.

Sa jedne strane, smatram ovo velikim izazovom.

I could see how often in my own life, when I felt down,

Shvatio sam koliko često sam tokom života, kada sam se osećao loše,

I tried to remedy it with some kind of show-offy, grand external solution.

pokušao da nadomestim to nekim šepurećim, vrhunskim spoljnim rešenjem.

And I could see why that did not work well for me.

Mogao sam da vidim i zašto to nije delovalo na mene.

I also thought, isn't this kind of obvious?

Takođe sam razmišljao: „Nije li to očigledno?

Isn't this almost like banal, right?

Nije li to skoro banalno, zar ne?”

If I said to everyone here,

Kada bih svima vama ovde rekao:

none of you are going to lie on your deathbed

niko od vas neće na samrti

razmišljati o cipelama koje ste kupili i o svim retvitovima koje ste dobili,

and think about all the shoes you bought and all the retweets you got,

već ćete razmišljati o momentima ljubavi, smisla i povezanosti u svom životu.

you're going to think about moments

of love, meaning and connection in your life.

Mislim da to deluje skoro kao kliše.

I think that seems almost like a cliché.

Nastavio sam priču sa profesorom Kaserom rekavši:

But I kept talking to professor Kasser and saying,

„Zašto osećam tu čudnu podvojenost?”

"Why am I feeling this strange doubleness?"

And he said, "At some level, we all know these things.

On mi je odgovorio: „Na nekom nivou, svi mi znamo te stvari.

But in this culture, we don't live by them."

Ali u ovoj kulturi, mi ne živimo po tim pravilima.”

We know them so well they've become clichés,

Toliko su nam poznata da su postala kliše,

but we don't live by them.

a opet ne živimo po tim pravilima.

I kept asking why, why would we know something so profound,

Pitao sam se i dalje: zašto bismo znali nešto tako dubokoumno,

but not live by it?

a da ne živimo po tim pravilima?

And after a while, professor Kasser said to me,

Nakon izvesnog vremena, profesor Kaser mi je rekao:

"Because we live in a machine

„Zato što živimo u mašini

that is designed to get us to neglect what is important about life."

koja je napravljena tako da nas natera da zanemarimo ono što je važno u životu.”

I had to really think about that.

Morao sam duboko da se zamislim.

"Because we live in a machine

„Zato što živimo u mašini

that is designed to get us to neglect what is important about life."

koja je napravljena tako da nas natera da zanemarimo ono što je važno u životu.”

And professor Kasser wanted to figure out if we can disrupt that machine.

Profesor Kaser je želeo da shvati kako možemo da poremetimo tu mašinu.

He's done loads of research into this;

Sproveo je gomilu istraživanja na ovu temu.

I'll tell you about one example,

Reći ću vam jedan primer,

and I really urge everyone here to try this with their friends and family.

i jako bih želeo da svi isprobate to sa svojim prijateljima i porodicom.

With a guy called Nathan Dungan, he got a group of teenagers and adults

Zajedno sa likom po imenu Nejtan Dangen, skupio je grupu tinejdžera i odraslih

to come together for a series of sessions over a period of time, to meet up.

da zajedno dolaze na niz seansi tokom određenog perioda, da razgovaraju.

And part of the point of the group

Poenta grupe je bila

was to get people to think about a moment in their life

da natera ljude da misle o momentima iz svog života

they had actually found meaning and purpose.

u kojima su istinski pronašli značenje i svrhu.

For different people, it was different things.

Za različite ljude to su bile različite stvari.

For some people, it was playing music, writing, helping someone --

Nekima je to bilo sviranje, pisanje, pomaganje nekom -

I'm sure everyone here can picture something, right?

siguran sam da svako ovde može nešto da zamisli, zar ne?

And part of the point of the group was to get people to ask,

Deo poente je bio da se ljudi zapitaju:

"OK, how could you dedicate more of your life

„Okej, kako više života posvetiti

to pursuing these moments of meaning and purpose,

potrazi za tim momentima značenja i svrhe,

and less to, I don't know, buying crap you don't need,

a manje, ne znam, kupovini nepotrebnih stvari,

putting it on social media and trying to get people to go,

stavljanju istih na društvene mreže u nadi da se izazove reakcija:

'OMG, so jealous!'"

„O bože, tako sam ljubomoran!”

And what they found was,

Ono što su otkrili je da samo održavanje ovakvih sastanaka -

just having these meetings,

it was like a kind of Alcoholics Anonymous for consumerism, right?

kao neka vrsta sastanaka anonimnih alkoholičara, ali za potrošnju, zar ne? -

Getting people to have these meetings, articulate these values,

naterati ljude na ovakve sastanke usmerava ih ka ovim vrednostima,

determine to act on them and check in with each other,

stvara temelj da se ponašamo u skladu sa njima i proveravamo ih sa drugima,

led to a marked shift in people's values.

što je vodilo ka značajnoj promeni ljudskih vrednosti.

It took them away from this hurricane of depression-generating messages

To ih je odvuklo od ovog uragana depresivnih poruka

training us to seek happiness in the wrong places,

koje nas uče da sreću tražimo na pogrešnim mestima,

and towards more meaningful and nourishing values

ka mnogo smislenijim i zdravijim vrednostima

that lift us out of depression.

koje nas podižu iz depresije.

But with all the solutions that I saw and have written about,

Ali nakon svih rešenja koja sam video i o kojima sam pisao,

and many I can't talk about here,

i mnogima o kojima ne mogu ovde da govorim,

I kept thinking,

i dalje razmišljam,

you know: Why did it take me so long to see these insights?

znate: „Zašto mi je trebalo toliko dugo vremena da to shvatim?”

Because when you explain them to people --

Zato što, kada to objasnite ljudima -

some of them are more complicated, but not all --

neki mogu biti malo komplikovaniji, ali ne svi -

when you explain this to people, it's not like rocket science, right?

kada to objasnite ljudima, to nije nuklearna fizika, zar ne?

Podsvesno već negde znamo te stvari.

At some level, we already know these things.

Zašto nam je toliko teško to da razumemo?

Why do we find it so hard to understand?

I think there's many reasons.

Mislim da postoje brojni razlozi.

But I think one reason is that we have to change our understanding

Jedan od njih je da moramo da promenimo svoje razumevanje

of what depression and anxiety actually are.

o tome šta su zapravo depresija i anksioznost.

There are very real biological contributions

Postoje pravi biološki doprinosi

to depression and anxiety.

depresiji i anksioznosti.

But if we allow the biology to become the whole picture,

Ali ako dozvolimo da biologija postane cela slika,

as I did for so long,

kao što sam ja dugo činio,

as I would argue our culture has done pretty much most of my life,

kao što smatram da čitava kultura čini skoro celog mog života,

what we're implicitly saying to people is, and this isn't anyone's intention,

ono što prećutno govorimo ljudima jeste, a to nije ničija namera,

but what we're implicitly saying to people is,

ali ono što prećutno govorimo ljudima jeste:

"Your pain doesn't mean anything.

„Vaš bol ne znači ništa.

It's just a malfunction.

To je samo kvar.

It's like a glitch in a computer program,

Kao kvar na kompjuteru,

it's just a wiring problem in your head."

mali kratki spoj u vašoj glavi.”

But I was only able to start changing my life

Međutim, ja sam uspeo da počnem da menjam svoj život

when I realized your depression is not a malfunction.

tek kada sam shvatio da depresija nije kvar.

It's a signal.

To je signal.

Your depression is a signal.

Vaša depresija je signal.

It's telling you something.

Govori vam nešto.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We feel this way for reasons,

Osećamo se tako iz određenih razloga,

and they can be hard to see in the throes of depression --

koji se teško mogu videti kada ste u depresiji do guše -

I understand that really well from personal experience.

ja to najbolje znam, iz ličnog iskustva.

But with the right help, we can understand these problems

Ali uz pravu pomoć, možemo razumeti ove probleme

and we can fix these problems together.

i rešiti ih zajedno.

But to do that,

Da bismo to uradili,

the very first step

prvi korak

is we have to stop insulting these signals

je da moramo da prestanemo da vređamo ove signale,

by saying they're a sign of weakness, or madness or purely biological,

govoreći da su oni znakovi slabosti, ludila ili da su čisto biološki,

except for a tiny number of people.

osim za veoma mali broj ljudi.

We need to start listening to these signals,

Moramo početi da osluškujemo te signale,

because they're telling us something we really need to hear.

zato što nam oni govore ono što stvarno treba da čujemo.

It's only when we truly listen to these signals,

Samo kad istinski slušamo te signale,

and we honor these signals and respect these signals,

odamo im priznanje i poštujemo ih,

that we're going to begin to see

možemo početi da uviđamo

the liberating, nourishing, deeper solutions.

oslobađujuće, negujuće, dublje rešenje.

The cows that are waiting all around us.

Krave koje čekaju svugde oko nas.

Thank you.

Hvala vam

(Applause)

(Aplauz)