This could be why you're depressed or anxious | Johann Hari | TED

Translator: Inese Bernsone Reviewer: Ilze Garda

For a really long time,

Ļoti ilgu laiku

I had two mysteries that were hanging over me.

man nelika mieru divi noslēpumi.

I didn't understand them

Es tos neizpratu

and, to be honest, I was quite afraid to look into them.

un, godīgi sakot, baidījos tajos iedziļināties.

The first mystery was, I'm 40 years old,

Pirmais noslēpums bija – man ir 40 gadi,

and all throughout my lifetime, year after year,

un visu mūžu, gadu pēc gada,

serious depression and anxiety have risen,

nopietna depresija un trauksme ir vairojusies

in the United States, in Britain,

Savienotajās Valstīs, Lielbritānijā

and across the Western world.

un visā Rietumu pasaulē.

And I wanted to understand why.

Un es gribēju saprast, kāpēc.

Why is this happening to us?

Kāpēc ar mums tā notiek?

Why is it that with each year that passes,

Kāpēc ar katru nākamo gadu

more and more of us are finding it harder to get through the day?

aizvien vairāk cilvēkiem kļūst grūtāk nodzīvot dienu?

And I wanted to understand this because of a more personal mystery.

Un es vēlējos to saprast savas personīgās mistērijas dēļ.

When I was a teenager,

Atceros, kā pusaudža gados

I remember going to my doctor

es devos pie sava ārsta

and explaining that I had this feeling, like pain was leaking out of me.

un stāstīju viņam par sajūtu, ka no manis izplūst sāpes.

I couldn't control it,

Es to nespēju kontrolēt

I didn't understand why it was happening,

un nesapratu, kāpēc tā notiek,

I felt quite ashamed of it.

es par to kaunējos.

And my doctor told me a story

Ārsts man to izskaidroja,

that I now realize was well-intentioned,

kā tagad saprotu, vislabāko nodomu vadīts,

but quite oversimplified.

taču diezgan vienkāršoti.

Not totally wrong.

Ne gluži nepatiesi.

My doctor said, "We know why people get like this.

Viņš teica: „Mēs zinām, kāpēc ar cilvēkiem tā notiek.

Some people just naturally get a chemical imbalance in their heads --

Dažiem galvā rodas ķīmisks nelīdzsvars – ir skaidrs, ka tu esi viens no viņiem.

you're clearly one of them.

All we need to do is give you some drugs,

Tev tikai ir jādzer zāles,

kas atjaunos normālu ķīmisko līdzsvaru.”

it will get your chemical balance back to normal."

So I started taking a drug called Paxil or Seroxat,

Es sāku lietot Paxil jeb Seroxat,

it's the same thing with different names in different countries.

dažādās valstīs tām ir dažādi nosaukumi.

Jutos daudz labāk, bija enerģijas pieplūdums.

And I felt much better, I got a real boost.

But not very long afterwards,

Bet nepagāja ilgs laiks, un sāpju sajūta sāka atgriezties.

this feeling of pain started to come back.

So I was given higher and higher doses

Man izrakstīja aizvien lielāku devu,

until, for 13 years, I was taking the maximum possible dose

līdz 13 gadus es dzēru maksimālo devu,

that you're legally allowed to take.

kādu likumīgi ir atļauts lietot.

And for a lot of those 13 years, and pretty much all the time by the end,

Lielāko daļu no šiem 13 gadiem, jo sevišķi beigās,

I was still in a lot of pain.

man joprojām ļoti sāpēja.

And I started asking myself, "What's going on here?

Es sāku sev vaicāt: „Kas notiek?

Because you're doing everything

Tu dari visu,

you're told to do by the story that's dominating the culture --

ko liek kultūrā dominējošās idejas.

why do you still feel like this?"

Kāpēc joprojām tā jūties?”

So to get to the bottom of these two mysteries,

Lai atrisinātu šos divus noslēpumus savā grāmatā,

for a book that I've written

I ended up going on a big journey all over the world,

es devos ceļojumā apkārt visai pasaulei,

ap 65 000 kilometru garā ceļā.

I traveled over 40,000 miles.

I wanted to sit with the leading experts in the world

Es vēlējos izvaicāt pasaules vadošos ekspertus

about what causes depression and anxiety

par depresijas un trauksmes iemesliem

and crucially, what solves them,

un, pats svarīgākais, to risinājumiem,

and people who have come through depression and anxiety

runāt ar cilvēkiem, kas piedzīvojuši depresiju, trauksmi

and out the other side in all sorts of ways.

un dažādos veidos tās uzveikuši.

And I learned a huge amount

Es uzzināju ļoti daudz

from the amazing people I got to know along the way.

no apbrīnojamiem cilvēkiem, kurus iepazinu šai ceļā.

But I think at the heart of what I learned is,

Taču, manuprāt, pats svarīgākais, ko uzzināju,

so far, we have scientific evidence

ir tas, ka mums ir zinātniski pierādījumi

for nine different causes of depression and anxiety.

deviņiem depresijas un trauksmes cēloņiem.

Two of them are indeed in our biology.

Divi no tiem tiešām ir bioloģiski.

Your genes can make you more sensitive to these problems,

Gēni var padarīt jūs jutīgākus pret šīm problēmām,

though they don't write your destiny.

taču tie nenosaka jūsu likteni.

And there are real brain changes that can happen when you become depressed

Smadzenēs depresijas laikā notiek reālas izmaiņas,

that can make it harder to get out.

kas apgrūtina izkļūšanu no tās.

But most of the factors that have been proven

Taču vairums faktoru, kas, kā pierādīts, izraisa depresiju un trauksmi,

to cause depression and anxiety

are not in our biology.

nav bioloģiski noteikti.

They are factors in the way we live.

Tie ir mūsu dzīvesveida faktori.

And once you understand them,

Kad tos izprotat,

it opens up a very different set of solutions

tie paver pilnīgi citus risinājumus,

that should be offered to people

kuri būtu jāpiedāvā cilvēkiem līdztekus ķīmiskajiem antidepresantiem.

alongside the option of chemical antidepressants.

For example,

Piemēram,

if you're lonely, you're more likely to become depressed.

ja esat vientuļš, depresijas iespēja palielinās.

If, when you go to work, you don't have any control over your job,

Ja darbā jums nav kontroles pār savu darbu,

you've just got to do what you're told,

jums vienkārši jādara tas, ko liek,

you're more likely to become depressed.

depresijas risks palielinās.

If you very rarely get out into the natural world,

Ja ļoti reti dodaties dabā,

you're more likely to become depressed.

depresijas risks pieaug.

And one thing unites a lot of the causes of depression and anxiety

Un es atklāju, ka ir kāda lieta, kas vieno vairākus depresijas un trauksmes cēloņus.

that I learned about.

Ne visus, bet daudzus.

Not all of them, but a lot of them.

Everyone here knows

Ikviens no klātesošajiem zina,

you've all got natural physical needs, right?

ka mums visiem ir dabiskas fiziskās vajadzības.

Obviously.

Pats par sevi saprotams.

You need food, you need water,

Jums nepieciešams ēdiens, ūdens,

you need shelter, you need clean air.

jums nepieciešama pajumte, tīrs gaiss.

If I took those things away from you,

Ja to visu atņemtu, jums drīz vien klātos plāni.

you'd all be in real trouble, real fast.

But at the same time,

Taču vienlaikus

every human being has natural psychological needs.

ikvienam cilvēkam ir dabiskas psiholoģiskās vajadzības.

You need to feel you belong.

Jums nepieciešama piederības sajūta.

You need to feel your life has meaning and purpose.

Jums jājūt, ka jūsu dzīvei ir jēga un mērķis,

You need to feel that people see you and value you.

jājūt, ka esat pamanīts un novērtēts,

You need to feel you've got a future that makes sense.

jājūt, ka jums ir jēgpilna nākotne.

And this culture we built is good at lots of things.

Mūsu veidotā kultūra ir laba daudzos aspektos,

And many things are better than in the past --

man prieks, ka dzīvoju mūsdienās, kad daudz kas ir labāk.

I'm glad to be alive today.

Taču mums aizvien sliktāk padodas

But we've been getting less and less good

šo dziļo, psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierināšana.

at meeting these deep, underlying psychological needs.

And it's not the only thing that's going on,

Ir arī citas lietas,

bet, manuprāt, tas ir galvenais iemesls, kāpēc krīze padziļinās.

but I think it's the key reason why this crisis keeps rising and rising.

And I found this really hard to absorb.

Man bija patiesi grūti to aptvert.

I really wrestled with the idea

Es ļoti pretojos domai,

of shifting from thinking of my depression as just a problem in my brain,

ka depresija nav tikai problēma manās smadzenēs,

to one with many causes,

bet ka tai ir daudz iemeslu, tostarp mūsu dzīvesveids.

including many in the way we're living.

And it only really began to fall into place for me

Un tā pamatīgi es to sāku saprast kādu dienu,

when one day, I went to interview a South African psychiatrist

kad intervēju Dienvidāfrikas psihiatru

named Dr. Derek Summerfield.

vārdā dr. Dereks Samerfīlds.

He's a great guy.

Lielisks cilvēks.

And Dr. Summerfield happened to be in Cambodia in 2001,

Dr. Samerfīlds atradās Kambodžā 2001. gadā,

when they first introduced chemical antidepressants

kad šīs valsts iedzīvotājiem sāka piedāvāt ķīmiskos antidepresantus.

for people in that country.

And the local doctors, the Cambodians, had never heard of these drugs,

Vietējie Kambodžas ārsti nekad par tādiem nebija dzirdējuši,

so they were like, what are they?

tāpēc viņi prasīja, kas tie tādi.

And he explained.

Viņš paskaidroja.

And they said to him,

Un tie viņam atbildēja:

"We don't need them, we've already got antidepressants."

„Mums tos nevajag, mums jau ir antidepresanti.”

And he was like, "What do you mean?"

„Kā ir?” Samerfīlds brīnījās.

He thought they were going to talk about some kind of herbal remedy,

Viņš domāja, ka tie runā par kādu ārstniecības augu,

like St. John's Wort, ginkgo biloba, something like that.

asinszāli, ginku vai ko tamlīdzīgu.

Instead, they told him a story.

Bet viņi pastāstīja par kādu gadījumu.

There was a farmer in their community who worked in the rice fields.

Viņu kopienā bija kāds zemnieks, kurš strādājis rīsu laukā.

And one day, he stood on a land mine

Kādu dienu viņš uzkāpis kājnieku mīnai, kas bija palikusi pēc kara ar ASV,

left over from the war with the United States,

and he got his leg blown off.

un zaudējis kāju.

So they him an artificial leg,

Viņam dabūjuši mākslīgo kāju,

and after a while, he went back to work in the rice fields.

un pēc kāda laika viņš atgriezies rīsu laukā.

Taču acīmredzot strādāt ūdenī ir ārkārtīgi sāpīgi,

But apparently, it's super painful to work under water

when you've got an artificial limb,

ja ir mākslīgā kāja,

and I'm guessing it was pretty traumatic

un domāju, bija diezgan traumatiski

to go back and work in the field where he got blown up.

atgriezties un strādāt laukā, kur tiki uzspridzināts.

The guy started to cry all day,

Vīrs sācis raudāt visu dienu,

he refused to get out of bed,

atteicies celties no gultas,

he developed all the symptoms of classic depression.

viņam parādījušies visi klasiskās depresijas simptomi.

The Cambodian doctor said,

Kambodžas dakteri teica:

"This is when we gave him an antidepressant."

„Tad mēs iedevām viņam antidepresantu.”

And Dr. Summerfield said, "What was it?"

Dr. Samerfīlds vaicāja: „Kas tas bija?”

They explained that they went and sat with him.

Viņi pastāstīja, ka gājuši un sēdējuši pie viņa.

They listened to him.

Tie viņu uzklausīja.

They realized that his pain made sense --

Aptvēra, ka viņa sāpes ir saprotamas.

it was hard for him to see it in the throes of his depression,

Viņam pašam bija grūti to saprast depresijas agonijā,

but actually, it had perfectly understandable causes in his life.

bet sāpju iemesls viņa dzīvē bija ļoti labi saprotams.

One of the doctors, talking to the people in the community, figured,

Viens no dakteriem, runājot ar kopienas iedzīvotājiem, spriedis:

„Ziniet, ja mēs šim vīram nopirktu govi,

"You know, if we bought this guy a cow,

he could become a dairy farmer,

viņš varētu kļūt par piensaimnieku,

he wouldn't be in this position that was screwing him up so much,

viņam nebūtu jāatgriežas mokošajā situācijā,

viņam nebūtu jāatgriežas rīsu laukā.”

he wouldn't have to go and work in the rice fields."

Tā viņi nopirkuši vīram govi.

So they bought him a cow.

Pēc dažām nedēļām raudāšana mitējusies,

Within a couple of weeks, his crying stopped,

within a month, his depression was gone.

pēc mēneša depresija bija pārgājusi.

Viņi teica dr. Samerfīldam:

They said to doctor Summerfield,

"So you see, doctor, that cow, that was an antidepressant,

„Redziet, dakter, tā govs bija antidepresants.

that's what you mean, right?"

Par to jūs runājat, vai ne?”

(Smiekli)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

(Aplausi)

If you'd been raised to think about depression the way I was,

Ja esat audzināti domāt par depresiju tāpat kā es,

un vairums klātesošo ir,

and most of the people here were,

tas izklausās pēc slikta joka, vai ne?

that sounds like a bad joke, right?

„Aizgāju pie ārsta pēc antidepresantiem, un viņa man iedeva govi.”

"I went to my doctor for an antidepressant,

she gave me a cow."

But what those Cambodian doctors knew intuitively,

Taču Kambodžas ārsti intuitīvi zināja,

based on this individual, unscientific anecdote,

spriežot pēc šī viena nezinātniskā gadījuma atstāsta,

is what the leading medical body in the world,

to, ko pasaules vadošā medicīnas iestāde,

the World Health Organization,

Pasaules Veselības organizācija,

has been trying to tell us for years,

cenšas mums pateikt gadiem,

based on the best scientific evidence.

balstoties uz vislabākajiem zinātniskajiem pierādījumiem.

If you're depressed,

Ja jums ir depresija,

if you're anxious,

ja jums ir trauksme,

you're not weak, you're not crazy,

jūs neesat vājš, jūs neesat traks,

you're not, in the main, a machine with broken parts.

un – galvenais – jūs neesat salūzusi mehāniska ierīce.

You're a human being with unmet needs.

Jūs esat cilvēks ar neapmierinātām vajadzībām.

And it's just as important to think here about what those Cambodian doctors

Un tikpat svarīgi ir padomāt par to,

ko ne Kambodžas ārsti, ne Pasaules Veselības organizācija nesaka.

and the World Health Organization are not saying.

They did not say to this farmer,

Viņi šim zemniekam nesaka:

"Hey, buddy, you need to pull yourself together.

„Eu, vecīt, saņemies.

It's your job to figure out and fix this problem on your own."

Tas ir tavs pienākums saprast un atrisināt šo problēmu.”

On the contrary, what they said is,

Gluži pretēji, viņi saka:

"We're here as a group to pull together with you,

„Mēs šeit esam kā grupa, kas palīdzēs tev saņemties,

so together, we can figure out and fix this problem."

un kopā mēs spēsim izdomāt, kā atrisināt šo problēmu.”

This is what every depressed person needs,

Tas ir nepieciešams ikvienam depresijas māktam cilvēkam,

and it's what every depressed person deserves.

un ikviens depresijas mākts cilvēks to ir pelnījis.

This is why one of the leading doctors at the United Nations,

Tieši tāpēc viens no Apvienoto Nāciju vadošajiem ārstiem

in their official statement for World Health Day,

Pasaules Veselības dienas oficiālajā paziņojumā 2017. gadā teica,

couple of years back in 2017,

said we need to talk less about chemical imbalances

ka mums mazāk jārunā par ķīmisko nelīdzsvaru

and more about the imbalances in the way we live.

un vairāk par nelīdzsvaru mūsu dzīvē.

Drugs give real relief to some people --

Dažiem cilvēkiem zāles patiešām palīdz –

they gave relief to me for a while --

kādu laiku tās palīdzēja arī man –

but precisely because this problem goes deeper than their biology,

taču tieši tāpēc, ka šī problēma ir dziļāka nekā tikai bioloģiskā līmenī,

the solutions need to go much deeper, too.

arī risinājumiem jābūt dziļākiem.

But when I first learned that,

Atceros, ka to uzzinājis es domāju:

I remember thinking,

"OK, I could see all the scientific evidence,

„Labi, es saprotu visus zinātniskos pierādījumus,

I read a huge number of studies,

esmu izlasījis kaudzi pētījumu, esmu intervējis daudz ekspertu.”

I interviewed a huge number of the experts who were explaining this,"

Taču es turpināju domāt: „Kā to padarīt iespējamu?”

but I kept thinking, "How can we possibly do that?"

Lietas, kas ved mūs depresijā,

The things that are making us depressed

are in most cases more complex than what was going on

lielākoties ir daudz sarežģītākas

with this Cambodian farmer.

par to, kas notika Kambodžas zemnieka dzīvē.

Where do we even begin with that insight?

Ar šādu izpratni, kur lai vispār sākam?

But then, in the long journey for my book,

Tad, rakstot grāmatu, ilgajā ceļojumā

all over the world,

apkārt pasaulei

I kept meeting people who were doing exactly that,

es turpināju satikt cilvēkus, kas tieši ar to nodarbojās –

from Sydney, to San Francisco,

no Sidnejas līdz Sanfrancisko

to São Paulo.

un Sanpaulu.

I kept meeting people who were understanding

Es turpināju satikt cilvēkus, kas izprot

dziļākos depresijas un trauksmes cēloņus

the deeper causes of depression and anxiety

and, as groups, fixing them.

un kopīgiem spēkiem tos novērš.

Obviously, I can't tell you about all the amazing people

Es, protams, nevaru pastāstīt

par visiem lieliskajiem cilvēkiem, ko satiku,

I got to know and wrote about,

vai par visiem deviņiem depresijas un trauksmes cēloņiem,

or all of the nine causes of depression and anxiety that I learned about,

jo TED runa nevar būt 10 stundas gara –

because they won't let me give a 10-hour TED Talk --

varat par to pasūdzēties organizatoriem.

you can complain about that to them.

Taču vēlos pievērsties diviem cēloņiem

But I want to focus on two of the causes

and two of the solutions that emerge from them, if that's alright.

un diviem šo cēloņu risinājumiem, ja neiebilstat.

Here's the first.

Lūk, pirmais.

We are the loneliest society in human history.

Mēs esam vientuļākā sabiedrība cilvēces vēsturē.

There was a recent study that asked Americans,

Nesenā pētījumā amerikāņiem tika vaicāts:

"Do you feel like you're no longer close to anyone?"

„Vai jūtaties, ka vairs neesat nevienam tuvs?”

And 39 percent of people said that described them.

Un 39 procenti cilvēku atbildēja, ka tā ir.

"No longer close to anyone."

„Vairs neesmu nevienam tuvs.”

In the international measurements of loneliness,

Starptautiskajos vientulības mērījumos

Britain and the rest of Europe are just behind the US,

Lielbritānija, pārējā Eiropa seko uzreiz aiz ASV,

in case anyone here is feeling smug.

ja nu kāds jūtas pārāk pašapmierināts.

(Laughter)

(Smiekli)

I spent a lot of time discussing this

Es ilgu laiku pavadīju, runājot par to ar pasaules vadošo vientulības ekspertu,

with the leading expert in the world on loneliness,

an incredible man named professor John Cacioppo,

apbrīnojamu vīrieti, profesoru Džonu Kasiopo,

who was at Chicago,

kurš mita Čikāgā.

Un es daudz domāju par kādu jautājumu, kas izriet no viņa veikuma.

and I thought a lot about one question his work poses to us.

Professor Cacioppo asked,

Profesors Kasiopo vaicāja:

"Why do we exist?

„Kāpēc mēs eksistējam?

Why are we here, why are we alive?"

Kāpēc esam šeit, kāpēc esam dzīvi?”

One key reason

Viens no galvenajiem iemesliem ir tas,

is that our ancestors on the savannas of Africa

ka mūsu senči Āfrikas savannās

were really good at one thing.

labi pieprata vienu lietu.

They weren't bigger than the animals they took down a lot of the time,

Bieži vien viņi nebija daudz lielāki par savu medījumu,

they weren't faster than the animals they took down a lot of the time,

bieži vien viņi nebija ātrāki par savu medījumu,

but they were much better at banding together into groups

taču viņiem labāk veicās apvienošanās grupās

and cooperating.

un sadarbošanās.

This was our superpower as a species --

Tā bija mūsu kā sugas superspēja –

we band together,

mēs apvienojamies.

just like bees evolved to live in a hive,

Gluži kā bites, kas dzīvo spietā,

humans evolved to live in a tribe.

cilvēki attīstījās, lai dzīvotu ciltīs.

And we are the first humans ever

Un mēs esam pirmie cilvēki,

to disband our tribes.

kas savas ciltis ir izformējuši.

And it is making us feel awful.

Un tāpēc jūtamies šausmīgi.

But it doesn't have to be this way.

Taču tam nav tā jābūt.

One of the heroes in my book, and in fact, in my life,

Viens no manas grāmatas un arī manas dzīves varoņiem

is a doctor named Sam Everington.

ir ārsts Sems Everingtons.

He's a general practitioner in a poor part of East London,

Viņš ir ģimenes ārsts nabadzīgā Londonas rajonā,

where I lived for many years.

kur dzīvoju daudzus gadus.

And Sam was really uncomfortable,

Sems jutās patiesi slikti,

because he had loads of patients

jo viņam bija daudz pacientu,

coming to him with terrible depression and anxiety.

kas sūdzējās par šausmīgu depresiju un trauksmi.

Tāpat kā es, Sems nav pret ķīmiskajiem antidepresantiem,

And like me, he's not opposed to chemical antidepressants,

he thinks they give some relief to some people.

viņš uzskata, ka dažiem tie palīdz.

Taču viņš redzēja divas lietas.

But he could see two things.

Pirmkārt, viņa pacientiem depresija un trauksme bieži bija

Firstly, his patients were depressed and anxious a lot of the time

for totally understandable reasons, like loneliness.

pilnīgi saprotamu iemeslu, piemēram, vientulības, dēļ.

And secondly, although the drugs were giving some relief to some people,

Otrkārt, lai arī dažiem zāles palīdzēja,

daudziem cilvēkiem problēmu tās neatrisināja.

for many people, they didn't solve the problem.

The underlying problem.

Pamatproblēmu.

Tāpēc kādu dienu Sems nolēma uzsākt citu pieeju.

One day, Sam decided to pioneer a different approach.

A woman came to his center, his medical center,

Pie viņa uz medicīnas centru atnāca sieviete,

called Lisa Cunningham.

vārdā Liza Kaningema.

I got to know Lisa later.

Es vēlāk iepazinos ar Lizu.

And Lisa had been shut away in her home with crippling depression and anxiety

Liza septiņus gadus bija pavadījusi mājās ar kropļojošu depresiju un trauksmi.

for seven years.

And when she came to Sam's center, she was told, "Don't worry,

Kad viņa ieradās pie Sema, viņš teica: „Neuztraucies,

we'll carry on giving you these drugs,

mēs turpināsim izrakstīt tev zāles,

but we're also going to prescribe something else.

bet mēs izrakstīsim vēl kaut ko.

We're going to prescribe for you to come here to this center twice a week

Mēs lūgsim tev nākt uz šo centru divas reizes nedēļā

to meet with a group of other depressed and anxious people,

un tikties ar citiem depresīviem un trauksmainiem cilvēkiem,

not to talk about how miserable you are,

nevis lai runātu par to, cik nožēlojami jūtaties,

but to figure out something meaningful you can all do together

bet lai izdomātu kaut ko jēgpilnu, ko jūs visi kopā varētu darīt,

so you won't be lonely and you won't feel like life is pointless."

lai jūs nejustos vientuļi un jums nešķistu, ka dzīvei nav jēgas.”

The first time this group met,

Kad grupa satikās pirmo reizi,

Lisa literally started vomiting with anxiety,

Liza no trauksmes burtiski izvēmās,

it was so overwhelming for her.

tik satraukta viņa bija.

But people rubbed her back, the group started talking,

Taču cilvēki paberzēja viņas muguru, grupa sāka sarunāties:

they were like, "What could we do?"

„Ko mēs varētu darīt?”

These are inner-city, East London people like me,

Šie pilsētnieki, Austrumlondonas iemītnieki,

neko nezināja par dārzkopību.

they didn't know anything about gardening.

Viņi nolēma apgūt dārzniecību!

They were like, "Why don't we learn gardening?"

Aiz ārstu prakses ēkas bija krūmāji.

There was an area behind the doctors' offices

„Mēs varētu tur ierīkot dārzu.”

that was just scrubland.

"Why don't we make this into a garden?"

Viņi bibliotekā paņēma grāmatas,

They started to take books out of the library,

skatījās YouTube video.

started to watch YouTube clips.

Viņi sāka rakties pa zemi.

They started to get their fingers in the soil.

They started to learn the rhythms of the seasons.

Viņi sāka apgūt gadalaiku ritmus.

There's a lot of evidence

Ir daudz pierādījumu, ka atrašanās dabā

that exposure to the natural world

is a really powerful antidepressant.

ir ārkārtīgi spēcīgs antidepresants.

But they started to do something even more important.

Taču viņi sāka darīt ko vēl svarīgāku.

They started to form a tribe.

Viņi sāka veidot cilti.

They started to form a group.

Viņi sāka veidot grupu.

They started to care about each other.

Viņi sāka rūpēties viens par otru.

If one of them didn't show up,

Ja kāds neieradās,

the others would go looking for them -- "Are you OK?"

pārējie devās viņu meklēt: „Vai tev viss kārtībā?”

Help them figure out what was troubling them that day.

Viņi palīdzēja biedram saprast, kas viņu nomāc.

Kā to aprakstīja Liza:

The way Lisa put it to me,

"As the garden began to bloom,

„Kad uzziedēja dārzs,

we began to bloom."

uzziedējām arī mēs.”

This approach is called social prescribing,

Šo pieeju sauc par sabiedrības izrakstīšanu,

it's spreading all over Europe.

tā izplatās visā Eiropā.

Un ir neliels, bet augošs pierādījumu klāsts,

And there's a small, but growing body of evidence

suggesting it can produce real and meaningful falls

kas liecina, ka tā patiešām un būtiski var mazināt depresiju un trauksmi.

in depression and anxiety.

And one day, I remember standing in the garden

Es atceros, ka kādu dienu stāvēju

Lizas un viņas reiz depresīvo draugu iekoptajā dārzā –

that Lisa and her once-depressed friends had built --

it's a really beautiful garden --

tas ir ļoti skaists dārzs –

un man ienāca prātā doma,

and having this thought,

it's very much inspired by a guy called professor Hugh Mackay in Australia.

ko lielā mērā iedvesmoja profesors Hjū Makejs no Austrālijas.

I was thinking, so often when people feel down in this culture,

Bieži, kad cilvēki mūsu kultūrā jūtas nomākti,

what we say to them -- I'm sure everyone here said it, I have --

mēs viņiem sakām – esmu drošs, ka mēs visi esam to teikuši, –

we say, "You just need to be you, be yourself."

„Tev vienkārši ir jābūt tev pašam.”

And I've realized, actually, what we should say to people is,

Un esmu sapratis, ka patiesībā mums būtu jāsaka:

"Don't be you.

„Neesi tu.

Don't be yourself.

Neesi tu pats.

Be us, be we.

Esi mēs.

Be part of a group."

Esi daļa no grupas.”

(Applause)

(Aplausi)

The solution to these problems

Šo problēmu risinājums

does not lie in drawing more and more on your resources

nav arvien vairāk paļauties uz saviem paša resursiem

as an isolated individual --

kā izolētam indivīdam –

that's partly what got us in this crisis.

daļēji tieši tas ir novedis līdz krīzei.

It lies on reconnecting with something bigger than you.

Risinājums ir atkalapvienoties ar kaut ko lielāku par sevi.

And that really connects to one of the other causes

Un tas saistīts ar otru depresijas un trauksmes cēloni,

of depression and anxiety that I wanted to talk to you about.

par kuru gribēju pastāstīt.

Ikviens zina,

So everyone knows

junk food has taken over our diets and made us physically sick.

ka ātrie ēdieni ir pārņēmuši mūsu ēdienkarti un padarījuši mūs slimus.

I don't say that with any sense of superiority,

Es to nesaku ar pārākuma apziņu,

es šeit ierados burtiski no McDonald's.

I literally came to give this talk from McDonald's.

I saw all of you eating that healthy TED breakfast, I was like no way.

Es redzēju, kā jūs visi ēdāt tās veselīgās TED brokastis, un tas nav man.

But just like junk food has taken over our diets and made us physically sick,

Taču tieši tāpat kā ātrās uzkodas mūs ir padarījušas fiziski slimus,

a kind of junk values have taken over our minds

tādas kā ātrās vērtības ir pārņēmušas mūsu prātu

and made us mentally sick.

un padarījušas mūs garīgi slimus.

For thousands of years, philosophers have said,

Tūkstošiem gadu filosofi ir teikuši –

if you think life is about money, and status and showing off,

ja jums šķiet, ka dzīvē svarīga ir nauda, statuss un izrādīšanās,

you're going to feel like crap.

jūs jutīsieties draņķīgi.

That's not an exact quote from Schopenhauer,

Tas nav precīzs Šopenhauera citāts, bet vēstījuma būtība.

but that is the gist of what he said.

But weirdly, hardy anyone had scientifically investigated this,

Dīvaini, ka gandrīz neviens to netika pētījis zinātniski,

until a truly extraordinary person I got to know, named professor Tim Kasser,

līdz tam pieķērās patiesi neparasta personība,

profesors Tims Kasers,

who's at Knox College in Illinois,

kas strādā Noksa koledžā Ilinoisā un pēta to jau apmēram 30 gadu.

and he's been researching this for about 30 years now.

And his research suggests several really important things.

Viņa pētījumi uzvedina uz vairākiem svarīgiem secinājumiem.

Firstly, the more you believe

Pirmkārt, jo vairāk ticat,

you can buy and display your way out of sadness,

ka varat nopirkt un izrādīt savu ceļu ārā no skumjām

and into a good life,

un labākā dzīvē,

the more likely you are to become depressed and anxious.

jo lielāka iespēja, ka kļūsiet depresīvs un trauksmains.

And secondly,

Un, otrkārt,

as a society, we have become much more driven by these beliefs.

mūs kā sabiedrību šie uzskati virza aizvien vairāk.

All throughout my lifetime,

Tā ir bijis visu manu dzīvi –

under the weight of advertising and Instagram and everything like them.

zem reklāmu, Instagram un tamlīdzīgu lietu smagās ietekmes.

And as I thought about this,

Par to domājot,

sapratu, ka mēs visi kopš dzimšanas esam baroti ar tādu kā KFC dvēselei.

I realized it's like we've all been fed since birth, a kind of KFC for the soul.

We've been trained to look for happiness in all the wrong places,

Mēs esam apmācīti meklēt laimi nepareizajās vietās,

and just like junk food doesn't meet your nutritional needs

un, gluži kā ātrās uzkodas neapmierina uztura vajadzības

and actually makes you feel terrible,

un patiesībā liek justies briesmīgi,

junk values don't meet your psychological needs,

ātrās vērtības neapmierina psiholoģiskās vajadzības

and they take you away from a good life.

un aizved jūs aizvien tālāk no labas dzīves.

But when I first spent time with professor Kasser

Kad es pirmoreiz tikos ar profesoru Kaseru

and I was learning all this,

un uzzināju to visu,

I felt a really weird mixture of emotions.

es jutu patiesi dīvainu emociju sajaukumu.

Because on the one hand, I found this really challenging.

Jo, no vienas puses, tas bija patiesi izaicinoši.

I could see how often in my own life, when I felt down,

Es apjautu, cik bieži dzīvē, kad jutos slikti,

I tried to remedy it with some kind of show-offy, grand external solution.

es centos to labot ar tādu kā izrādīšanos, grandiozu ārēju risinājumu.

And I could see why that did not work well for me.

Un es redzēju, kāpēc tas nenostrādāja.

I also thought, isn't this kind of obvious?

Es arī domāju, vai tad tas nav acīmredzami.

Isn't this almost like banal, right?

Tas ir gandrīz vai banāli, vai ne?

If I said to everyone here,

Ja es jums visiem teiktu,

none of you are going to lie on your deathbed

ka neviens no jums uz nāves gultas

nedomās par nopirktajām kurpēm un visiem tiem retvītiem,

and think about all the shoes you bought and all the retweets you got,

ka domāsiet par mīlestību, jēgu un tuvību, kas bijusi jūsu dzīvē...

you're going to think about moments

of love, meaning and connection in your life.

Manuprāt, tas skan gandrīz klišejiski.

I think that seems almost like a cliché.

Taču es turpināju izvaicāt profesoru Kaseru:

But I kept talking to professor Kasser and saying,

„Kāpēc es jūtu šo savādo divkosību?”

"Why am I feeling this strange doubleness?"

And he said, "At some level, we all know these things.

Un viņš atbildēja: „Kaut kādā ziņā mēs to visu zinām.

But in this culture, we don't live by them."

Taču mēs nedzīvojam saskaņā ar šīm atziņām.”

We know them so well they've become clichés,

Tās ir labi zināmas klišejas, taču mēs nedzīvojam saskaņā ar tām.

but we don't live by them.

I kept asking why, why would we know something so profound,

Es turpināju taujāt, kāpēc mēs nedzīvojam atbilstoši, ja zinām kaut ko tik būtisku.

but not live by it?

And after a while, professor Kasser said to me,

Pēc brīža profesors Kasers man atbildēja:

"Because we live in a machine

„Jo dzīvojam iekārtā,

that is designed to get us to neglect what is important about life."

kas ir veidota, lai mēs pamestu novārtā to, kas dzīvē ir svarīgs.”

I had to really think about that.

To vajadzēja kārtīgi apdomāt.

"Because we live in a machine

„Jo dzīvojam iekārtā,

that is designed to get us to neglect what is important about life."

kas ir veidota, lai mēs pamestu novārtā to, kas dzīvē ir svarīgs.”

And professor Kasser wanted to figure out if we can disrupt that machine.

Profesors Kasers gribēja izdomāt, vai mēs varam sagraut šo iekārtu.

He's done loads of research into this;

Viņš to ir pamatīgi pētījis.

I'll tell you about one example,

Pastāstīšu vienu piemēru,

and I really urge everyone here to try this with their friends and family.

un es tiešām mudinu jūs izmēģināt to ar saviem draugiem un ģimeni.

Kopā ar puisi vārdā Neitans Dangans

With a guy called Nathan Dungan, he got a group of teenagers and adults

viņš izveidoja pusaudžu un pieaugušo grupu,

to come together for a series of sessions over a period of time, to meet up.

kas kādu laiku tikās regulārās sesijās.

And part of the point of the group

Viens no grupas mērķiem

was to get people to think about a moment in their life

bija likt cilvēkiem atcerēties brīdi savā dzīvē,

they had actually found meaning and purpose.

kad viņi patiešām bija atraduši jēgu un mērķi.

For different people, it was different things.

Katram cilvēkam tas bija kaut kas savs.

For some people, it was playing music, writing, helping someone --

Kādam tā bija mūzikas spēlēšana, rakstīšana, palīdzības sniegšana kādam,

I'm sure everyone here can picture something, right?

esmu drošs, ka ikviens klātesošais spēj kaut ko iedomāties.

And part of the point of the group was to get people to ask,

Otrs grupas mērķis bija panākt, ka cilvēki sev pajautā:

"OK, how could you dedicate more of your life

„Un kā es varētu vairāk savas dzīves veltīt šādiem jēgpilniem mirkļiem

to pursuing these moments of meaning and purpose,

and less to, I don't know, buying crap you don't need,

un mazāk tam, lai pirktu nevajadzīgus mēslus,

putting it on social media and trying to get people to go,

publicētu to sociālajos medijos,

lai citos raisītu sajūtu: „Ak Dievs, kā man skauž!”

'OMG, so jealous!'"

And what they found was,

Viņi atklāja, ka, vienkārši nākot uz šīm sanāksmēm...

just having these meetings,

it was like a kind of Alcoholics Anonymous for consumerism, right?

tie bija tādi kā Anonīmie alkoholiķi patērētājiem, vai ne?

Vienkārši tas, ka cilvēki nāca, noformulēja šīs vērtības,

Getting people to have these meetings, articulate these values,

determine to act on them and check in with each other,

nolēma rīkoties saskaņā ar tām un atskaitīties viens otram,

led to a marked shift in people's values.

radīja ievērojamas izmaiņas viņu vērtību sistēmā.

It took them away from this hurricane of depression-generating messages

Tas attālināja viņus no depresiju raisošo domu vētras,

training us to seek happiness in the wrong places,

kas liek mums meklēt laimi nepareizajās vietās,

and towards more meaningful and nourishing values

un tuvināja daudz jēgpilnākām un dvēseli barojošām vērtībām,

that lift us out of depression.

kas izved mūs no depresijas.

But with all the solutions that I saw and have written about,

Taču, neraugoties uz visiem risinājumiem, ko redzēju un aprakstīju,

and many I can't talk about here,

un daudz ko, ko šeit nevaru pieminēt,

I kept thinking,

es turpināju domāt,

you know: Why did it take me so long to see these insights?

kāpēc pagāja tik ilgs laiks, lai es nonāktu pie šīm atklāsmēm.

Because when you explain them to people --

Jo, kad tās skaidro cilvēkiem –

some of them are more complicated, but not all --

dažas ir sarežģītākas, taču ne visas –

tā nav nekāda raķešu zinātne, vai ne?

when you explain this to people, it's not like rocket science, right?

Kaut kādā ziņā mēs to jau zinām.

At some level, we already know these things.

Kāpēc mums ir tik grūti to saprast?

Why do we find it so hard to understand?

I think there's many reasons.

Domāju, ka iemesli ir vairāki.

But I think one reason is that we have to change our understanding

Manuprāt, viens no iemesliem ir tas, ka mums ir jāmaina izpratne

of what depression and anxiety actually are.

par to, kas patiesībā ir depresija un trauksme.

There are very real biological contributions

Pastāv reāli bioloģiskie faktori,

to depression and anxiety.

kas izraisa depresiju un trauksmi.

But if we allow the biology to become the whole picture,

Taču, ja ņemsim vērā tikai bioloģiju –

as I did for so long,

kā to tik ilgi darīju es,

as I would argue our culture has done pretty much most of my life,

un es teiktu, ka mūsu kultūra to ir darījusi praktiski visu manu mūžu, –

what we're implicitly saying to people is, and this isn't anyone's intention,

tad mēs netieši sakām cilvēkiem – un neviens nedara to tīšām –

but what we're implicitly saying to people is,

taču netieši mēs sakām:

"Your pain doesn't mean anything.

„Tavas sāpes neko nenozīmē.

It's just a malfunction.

Tie ir tikai darbības traucējumi.

It's like a glitch in a computer program,

Tā ir kā kļūda datorprogrammā,

it's just a wiring problem in your head."

tikai vadiņu problēma tavā galvā.”

But I was only able to start changing my life

Taču es spēju sākt mainīt savu dzīvi tikai tad,

when I realized your depression is not a malfunction.

kad sapratu, ka mana depresija nav darbības traucējums.

It's a signal.

Tā ir signāls.

Your depression is a signal.

Tava depresija ir signāls.

It's telling you something.

Tā tev kaut ko saka.

(Applause)

(Aplausi)

We feel this way for reasons,

Mēs tā jūtamies dažādu iemeslu dēļ,

and they can be hard to see in the throes of depression --

un depresijas sāpēs to var būt grūti saskatīt –

I understand that really well from personal experience.

es to labi saprotu no personīgās pieredzes.

But with the right help, we can understand these problems

Taču ar īsto palīdzību mēs varam saprast šīs problēmas

and we can fix these problems together.

un kopā varam tās atrisināt.

But to do that,

Lai to paveiktu,

the very first step

pats pirmais solis ir

is we have to stop insulting these signals

pārstāt noniecināt šos signālus,

by saying they're a sign of weakness, or madness or purely biological,

sakot, ka tā ir tikai vājuma izpausme vai vājprāts, vai tikai bioloģija;

except for a tiny number of people.

vairumam cilvēku tā nav.

We need to start listening to these signals,

Mums jāsāk ieklausīties šajos signālos,

because they're telling us something we really need to hear.

jo tie vēsta kaut ko, kas mums patiešām ir jādzird.

It's only when we truly listen to these signals,

Tikai tad, kad patiesi ieklausīsimies šajos signālos

and we honor these signals and respect these signals,

un cienīsim, un respektēsim tos,

that we're going to begin to see

mēs sāksim saskatīt

the liberating, nourishing, deeper solutions.

atbrīvojošos, bagātīgos, dziļākos risinājumus.

The cows that are waiting all around us.

Govis, kas gaida mums visapkārt.

Thank you.

Paldies!

(Applause)

(Aplausi)