How to grow a forest in your backyard | Shubhendu Sharma

2,235,709 views ใƒป 2016-08-22

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gichung Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
This is a man-made forest.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ˆฒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
It can spread over acres and acres of area,
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๋ช‡ ์—์ด์ปค์”ฉ ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:19
or it could fit in a small space --
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:22
as small as your house garden.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘ ์ •์›๋งŒํผ ์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:27
Age of this forest is just two years old.
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์ด ์ˆฒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2๋…„ ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
I have a forest in the backyard of my own house.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง‘ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์ˆฒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
It attracts a lot of biodiversity.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:37
(Bird call)
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(์ƒˆ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
00:42
I wake up to this every morning,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
like a Disney princess.
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๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ ์˜ํ™” ์† ๊ณต์ฃผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:47
I am an entrepreneur
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ
00:48
who facilitates the making of these forests professionally.
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์ด ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋•์ฃ .
00:52
We have helped factories,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค
00:54
farms,
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๋†์žฅ๋“ค
00:55
schools,
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ํ•™๊ต๋“ค
00:58
homes,
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๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค
01:00
resorts,
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๋ฆฌ์กฐํŠธ๋“ค
01:02
apartment buildings,
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค
01:04
public parks
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๊ณต๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›๋“ค
01:06
and even a zoo
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์›๊นŒ์ง€
01:08
to have one of such forests.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
A forest is not an isolated piece of land where animals live together.
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์ˆฒ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋•… ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
A forest can be an integral part of our urban existence.
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์ˆฒ์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
A forest, for me,
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์ˆฒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
01:23
is a place so dense with trees that you just can't walk into it.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ ธ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
It doesn't matter how big or small they are.
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ํฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑด ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด์š”.
01:31
Most of the world we live in today was forest.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ˆฒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
This was before human intervention.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Then we built up our cities on those forests,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆฒ๋“ค ์œ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
like Sรฃo Paulo,
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์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋ฃจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
01:40
forgetting that we belong to nature as well,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 8์ฒœ4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ข…๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:43
as much as 8.4 million other species on the planet.
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:48
Our habitat stopped being our natural habitat.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ž์—ฐ์„œ์‹์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
01:52
But not anymore for some of us.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
A few others and I today make these forests professionally --
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
anywhere and everywhere.
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์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์š”.
02:01
I'm an industrial engineer.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
I specialize in making cars.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด์ฃ .
02:06
In my previous job at Toyota,
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์ „์ง์žฅ์ธ ํ† ์š”ํƒ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:08
I learned how to convert natural resources into products.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์„ ์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
To give you an example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
02:14
we would drip the sap out of a rubber tree,
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๊ณ ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
02:17
convert it into raw rubber
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์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
02:18
and make a tire out of it -- the product.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ด์–ด ์ฆ‰ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
But these products can never become a natural resource again.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
02:25
We separate the elements from nature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด๋‚ด์„œ
02:28
and convert them into an irreversible state.
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๋˜๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
That's industrial production.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด์ฃ .
02:34
Nature, on the other hand, works in a totally opposite way.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
The natural system produces by bringing elements together,
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์ž์—ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
atom by atom.
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ํ•ต๊ณผ ํ•ต์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์ฃ .
02:44
All the natural products become a natural resource again.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์—ฐ ์ž์›๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
This is something which I learned
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์ˆฒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
02:53
when I made a forest in the backyard of my own house.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And this was the first time I worked with nature,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:59
rather than against it.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Since then,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
03:03
we have made 75 such forests in 25 cities across the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ 25๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆฒ์„ 75๊ณณ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Every time we work at a new place,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:11
we find that every single element needed to make a forest
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
03:16
is available right around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
All we have to do is to bring these elements together
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ 
03:21
and let nature take over.
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
To make a forest we start with soil.
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์ˆฒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ™์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
We touch, feel and even taste it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ , ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง›๋ณด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:30
to identify what properties it lacks.
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์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ž€์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
If the soil is made up of small particles it becomes compact --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ™์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
03:36
so compact, that water cannot seep in.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
We mix some local biomass available around,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด์„œ
03:44
which can help soil become more porous.
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ํ™์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Water can now seep in.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌผ์ด ํก์ˆ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:51
If the soil doesn't have the capacity to hold water,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ™์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“œ๋ฆด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:55
we will mix some more biomass --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
some water-absorbent material like peat or bagasse,
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ํ† ํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:00
so soil can hold this water and it stays moist.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ด‰์ด‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
To grow, plants need water, sunlight and nutrition.
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
What if the soil doesn't have any nutrition in it?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ† ์–‘์— ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
04:14
We don't just add nutrition directly to the soil.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
That would be the industrial way.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:18
It goes against nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
04:19
We instead add microorganisms to the soil.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™์— ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
They produce the nutrients in the soil naturally.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ํ™์— ์˜์–‘๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
They feed on the biomass we have mixed in the soil,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™์— ์„ž์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค์— ์˜์–‘์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
so all they have to do is eat and multiply.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋จน๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
And as their number grows,
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก
04:34
the soil starts breathing again.
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ํ™์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
It becomes alive.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:38
We survey the native tree species of the place.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ† ์ข… ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ข…์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
How do we decide what's native or not?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข…์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
04:43
Well, whatever existed before human intervention is native.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
That's the simple rule.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด์ฃ .
04:49
We survey a national park
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ
04:54
to find the last remains of a natural forest.
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์ž์—ฐ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
We survey the sacred groves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์ˆฒ
05:01
or sacred forests around old temples.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์› ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And if we don't find anything at all,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
05:07
we go to museums
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๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
to see the seeds or wood of trees existing there a long time ago.
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์”จ์•—์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We research old paintings, poems and literature from the place,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ์‹œ์™€ ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์„œ
05:20
to identify the tree species belonging there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ข…๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
Once we know our trees,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
05:24
we divide them in four different layers:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
shrub layer, sub-tree layer, tree layer and canopy layer.
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๊ด€๋ชฉ์ธต, ๋ณด์กฐ๋ชฉ์ธต, ๊ต๋ชฉ์ธต, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ธต์œผ๋กœ์š”.
05:30
We fix the ratios of each layer,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ธต์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:33
and then we decide the percentage of each tree species in the mix.
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์ „์ฒด ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ข…์˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
If we are making a fruit forest,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ผ์ˆฒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:40
we increase the percentage of fruit-bearing trees.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
It could be a flowering forest,
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๊ฝƒ์ˆฒ์ด ๋˜์–ด
05:46
a forest that attracts a lot of birds or bees,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ์™€ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:50
or it could simply be a native, wild evergreen forest.
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ์ƒ๋ก์ˆ˜ ์ˆฒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
We collect the seeds and germinate saplings out of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์•„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
We make sure that trees belonging to the same layer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธต์— ์†ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด
06:01
are not planted next to each other,
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๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:03
or they will fight for the same vertical space when they grow tall.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋†’์ด ์ž๋ž„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
We plant the saplings close to each other.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์‹ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
On the surface, we spread a thick layer of mulch,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์„œ
06:13
so when it's hot outside the soil stays moist.
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ด ๋”์šธ ๋•Œ ํ™์˜ ์Šต๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
When it's cold,
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์ถ”์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:18
frost formation happens only on the mulch,
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ์—๋งŒ ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์–ด์„œ
06:21
so soil can still breathe while it's freezing outside.
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๋ฐ–์ด ์–ผ๋„๋ก ์ถ”์šธ ๋•Œ๋„ ํ™์ด ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
The soil is very soft --
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๋•…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
so soft, that roots can penetrate into it easily,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
rapidly.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:34
Initially, the forest doesn't seem like it's growing,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ˆฒ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
but it's growing under the surface.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•… ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:38
In the first three months,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์„ธ ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ
06:40
roots reach a depth of one meter.
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1m ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
These roots form a mesh,
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์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
06:44
tightly holding the soil.
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ํ™์„ ๊ฝ‰ ์›€์ผœ์ฅก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Microbes and fungi live throughout this network of roots.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋Š” ์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง ๋„์ฒ˜์— ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
So if some nutrition is not available in the vicinity of a tree,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
06:54
these microbes are going to get the nutrition to the tree.
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์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Whenever it rains,
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:59
magically,
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๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:00
mushrooms appear overnight.
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๋ฒ„์„ฏ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And this means the soil below has a healthy fungal network.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Once these roots are established,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํ™•๊ณ ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
07:08
forest starts growing on the surface.
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์ˆฒ์ด ์ง€๋ฉด ์œ„๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
As the forest grows we keep watering it --
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์ˆฒ์ด ์ž๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
for the next two to three years, we water the forest.
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2-3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆฒ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
07:20
We want to keep all the water and soil nutrition only for our trees,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
07:25
so we remove the weeds growing on the ground.
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๋•…์— ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
As this forest grows, it blocks the sunlight.
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์ˆฒ์ด ์ž๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Eventually, the forest becomes so dense
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ˆฒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นฝ๋นฝํ•ด์ ธ์„œ
07:35
that sunlight can't reach the ground anymore.
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๋•…์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:37
Weeds cannot grow now, because they need sunlight as well.
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์žก์ดˆ๋„ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
At this stage,
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:43
every single drop of water that falls into the forest
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์ˆฒ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
07:46
doesn't evaporate back into the atmosphere.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
This dense forest condenses the moist air
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์ด ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ˆฒ์ด ์Šพํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:52
and retains its moisture.
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๊ทธ ์Šต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
We gradually reduce and eventually stop watering the forest.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์ˆฒ์— ๋ฌผ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
And even without watering,
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๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
08:00
the forest floor stays moist and sometimes even dark.
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์ˆฒ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์€ ์ถ•์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
Now, when a single leaf falls on this forest floor,
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์žŽ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆฒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
08:09
it immediately starts decaying.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฉ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
This decayed biomass forms humus,
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์ด ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฝํ† ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
08:15
which is food for the forest.
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์ˆฒ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
As the forest grows,
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์ˆฒ์ด ์ž๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
08:19
more leaves fall on the surface --
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žŽ๋“ค์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
08:20
it means more humus is produced,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์—ฝํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด
08:22
it means more food so the forest can grow still bigger.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ˆฒ์ด ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
08:26
And this forest keeps growing exponentially.
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์ˆฒ์€ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Once established,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
08:31
these forests are going to regenerate themselves again and again --
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์ด ์ˆฒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
probably forever.
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์•„๋งˆ ์˜์›ํžˆ์š”.
08:38
In a natural forest like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฆผ์€
08:40
no management is the best management.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
It's a tiny jungle party.
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์ž‘์€ ์ •๊ธ€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
08:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:48
This forest grows as a collective.
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์ด ์ˆฒ์€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
If the same trees --
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค
08:52
same species --
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋“ค์ด
08:54
would have been planted independently,
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:56
it wouldn't grow so fast.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:58
And this is how we create a 100-year-old forest
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 10๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 100๋…„ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆฒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
in just 10 years.
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09:04
Thank you very much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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