The playful wonderland behind great inventions | Steven Johnson

140,957 views ใƒป 2016-12-09

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Katherine Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
00:16
Roughly 43,000 years ago,
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๋Œ€๋žต 4๋งŒ 3์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์—
00:19
a young cave bear died in the rolling hills
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๋™๊ตด์— ์‚ด๋˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๊ณฐ์ด ์–ธ๋•์—์„œ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
on the northwest border of modern day Slovenia.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:25
A thousand years later, a mammoth died in southern Germany.
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์ฒœ ๋…„ ํ›„, ๋งค๋จธ๋“œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
A few centuries after that, a griffon vulture also died
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํฐ ๋…์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋„
00:33
in the same vicinity.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And we know almost nothing about how these animals met their deaths,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž์ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
but these different creatures dispersed across both time and space
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž์ดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:43
did share one remarkable fate.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
After their deaths, a bone from each of their skeletons
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์ดํ›„์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•ด๊ณจ์—์„œ ๋ผˆ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์”ฉ์ด
00:50
was crafted by human hands
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ
00:52
into a flute.
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Think about that for a second.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:56
Imagine you're a caveman, 40,000 years ago.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 4๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „ ์›์‹œ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:59
You've mastered fire.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ถˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ์ค„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
You've built simple tools for hunting.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
You've learned how to craft garments from animal skins
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:05
to keep yourself warm in the winter.
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๋™๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ท์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
What would you choose to invent next?
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
01:10
It seems preposterous that you would invent the flute,
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:13
a tool that created useless vibrations in air molecules.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์ž์— ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ์ง„๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:17
But that is exactly what our ancestors did.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Now this turns out to be surprisingly common
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ
01:24
in the history of innovation.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Sometimes people invent things
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
because they want to stay alive or feed their children
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:31
or conquer the village next door.
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์˜†๋งˆ์„์„ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:33
But just as often,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์ข…
01:34
new ideas come into the world
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
simply because they're fun.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:39
And here's the really strange thing:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
many of those playful but seemingly frivolous inventions
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์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
01:45
ended up sparking momentous transformations
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
in science, in politics and society.
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๊ณผํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:51
Take what may be the most important invention of modern times:
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:54
programmable computers.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ž‘๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Now, the standard story is that computers descend from military technology,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ „์‹œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:01
since many of the early computers were designed specifically
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๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:04
to crack wartime codes or calculate rocket trajectories.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But in fact, the origins of the modern computer
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์€
02:11
are much more playful,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
02:12
even musical,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์Œ์•…์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
than you might imagine.
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02:15
The idea behind the flute,
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๊ด€์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š”
02:16
of just pushing air through tubes to make a sound,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ฃป๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
02:19
was eventually modified to create the first organ
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์‚ฌ์‹ค 2์ฒœ๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์—
02:22
more than 2,000 years ago.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Someone came up with the brilliant idea of triggering sounds
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
02:27
by pressing small levers with our fingers,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ง‰ํžŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
inventing the first musical keyboard.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Now, keyboards evolved from organs to clavichords to harpsichords
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ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํด๋ผ๋น„์ฝ”๋“œ, ํ•˜ํ”„์‹œ์ฝ”๋“œ
02:37
to the piano,
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ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
until the middle of the 19th century,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€
02:41
when a bunch of inventors finally hit on the idea
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์„œ
02:44
of using a keyboard to trigger not sounds but letters.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๋„๋ก ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
02:48
In fact, the very first typewriter
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํƒ€์ž๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:50
was originally called "the writing harpsichord."
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์›๋ž˜ "๊ธ€์“ฐ๋Š” ํ•˜ํ”„์‹œ์ฝ”๋“œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Flutes and music led to even more powerful breakthroughs.
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ํ”Œ๋ฃป๊ณผ ์Œ์•…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
About a thousand years ago,
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์•ฝ ์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์—
03:01
at the height of the Islamic Renaissance,
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๋ถ€ํฅ์šด๋™์ด ํ•œ์ฐฝ์ผ ๋•Œ
03:03
three brothers in Baghdad designed a device
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๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋‹ค๋“œ์˜ ์‚ผํ˜•์ œ๋Š”
03:05
that was an automated organ.
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์ž๋™ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
They called it "the instrument that plays itself."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ "์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„"๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
03:11
Now, the instrument was basically a giant music box.
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๊ทธ ์•…๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์Œ์•… ์ƒ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
The organ could be trained to play various songs by using instructions
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๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์›ํ†ต ์œ„์— ํ•€๋“ค์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด์„œ
03:19
encoded by placing pins on a rotating cylinder.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณก์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And if you wanted the machine to play a different song,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณก์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:26
you just swapped a new cylinder in with a different code on it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
This instrument was the first of its kind.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
03:33
It was programmable.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Now, conceptually, this was a massive leap forward.
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๊ฐœ๋… ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์•ฝ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
The whole idea of hardware and software
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ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
03:41
becomes thinkable for the first time with this invention.
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์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And that incredibly powerful concept
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์€
03:47
didn't come to us as an instrument of war or of conquest,
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์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณต์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
or necessity at all.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:52
It came from the strange delight of watching a machine play music.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Œ์•… ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ์จ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
In fact, the idea of programmable machines
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ž‘๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š”
04:00
was exclusively kept alive by music for about 700 years.
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์•ฝ 700๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์Œ์•…์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
In the 1700s, music-making machines
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1700๋…„๋Œ€์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์€
04:07
became the playthings of the Parisian elite.
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Showmen used the same coded cylinders
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์‡ผ๋งจ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์›ํ†ต์„
04:14
to control the physical movements of what were called automata,
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์˜คํ† ๋งˆํƒ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ
์ž๋™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
an early kind of robot.
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04:20
One of the most famous of those robots
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
04:22
was, you guessed it, an automated flute player
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€
04:25
designed by a brilliant French inventor
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์Ÿˆํฌ ๋“œ ๋ณด์บ‰์†ก์ด ๋งŒ๋“ 
04:27
named Jacques de Vaucanson.
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์ž๋™ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And as de Vaucanson was designing his robot musician,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋˜ ๋„์ค‘์—
04:33
he had another idea.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
If you could program a machine to make pleasing sounds,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:39
why not program it to weave delightful patterns of color out of cloth?
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊น”ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์งœ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:44
Instead of using the pins of the cylinder to represent musical notes,
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์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›ํ†ต์˜ ํ•€๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
04:49
they would represent threads with different colors.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
If you wanted a new pattern for your fabric,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฒœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:54
you just programmed a new cylinder.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›ํ†ต์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:57
This was the first programmable loom.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ž‘๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Now, the cylinders were too expensive and time-consuming to make,
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์›ํ†ต์€ ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
but a half century later,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 50๋…„ ํ›„
05:06
another French inventor named Jacquard
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€ ์Ÿˆ์นด๋“œ๋Š”
05:08
hit upon the brilliant idea of using paper-punched cards
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๊ธˆ์† ์›ํ†ต ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ์ข…์ด ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
instead of metal cylinders.
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05:15
Paper turned out to be much cheaper and more flexible
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์ข…์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ
05:18
as a way of programming the device.
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ๋„ ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
That punch card system inspired Victorian inventor Charles Babbage
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ์นด๋“œ๋Š” ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€ ์ฑจ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€
05:25
to create his analytical engine,
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๋ถ„์„์ ์ธ ์—”์ง„
05:27
the first true programmable computer
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์ฆ‰ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
ever designed.
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05:31
And punch cards were used by computer programmers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ์นด๋“œ๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
05:34
as late as the 1970s.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So ask yourself this question:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:39
what really made the modern computer possible?
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:43
Yes, the military involvement is an important part of the story,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
but inventing a computer also required other building blocks:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
music boxes,
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์Œ์•… ๋ฐ•์Šค
05:52
toy robot flute players,
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํ”Œ๋ฃป ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„
05:54
harpsichord keyboards,
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ํ•˜ํ”„์‹œ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ฑด๋ฐ˜
05:55
colorful patterns woven into fabric,
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ํ˜•ํ˜•์ƒ‰์ƒ‰์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ฒœ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:58
and that's just a small part of the story.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
There's a long list of world-changing ideas and technologies
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
that came out of play:
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๋†€์ด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:06
public museums, rubber,
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๊ณต๊ณต ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€, ๊ณ ๋ฌด
06:08
probability theory, the insurance business
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ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก , ๋ณดํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊นŒ์ง€
06:10
and many more.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Necessity isn't always the mother of invention.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
The playful state of mind is fundamentally exploratory,
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๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์€ ๋†€์ด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
06:19
seeking out new possibilities in the world around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And that seeking is why so many experiences
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ธฐ์จ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
06:26
that started with simple delight and amusement
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์ด
06:29
eventually led us to profound breakthroughs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Now, I think this has implications for how we teach kids in school
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
06:37
and how we encourage innovation in our workspaces,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
but thinking about play and delight this way
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์ด์™€ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:43
also helps us detect what's coming next.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
Think about it: if you were sitting there in 1750
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 1750๋…„์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:49
trying to figure out the big changes coming to society
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ, 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
in the 19th, the 20th centuries,
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06:55
automated machines, computers,
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์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
06:57
artificial intelligence,
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์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด์š”.
06:59
a programmable flute
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์„ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ฃป์ด
07:00
entertaining the Parisian elite
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07:03
would have been as powerful a clue as anything else at the time.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
It seemed like an amusement at best,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ์˜ค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—
07:10
not useful in any serious way,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:13
but it turned out to be the beginning of a tech revolution
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
that would change the world.
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07:18
You'll find the future
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€
07:20
wherever people are having the most fun.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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