You can grow new brain cells. Here's how | Sandrine Thuret | TED

7,829,180 views ・ 2015-10-30

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ju Hye Lim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Can we, as adults, grow new nerve cells?
0
13936
4381
성인인 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒˆ 신경세포λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:19
There's still some confusion about that question,
1
19150
3087
이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 연ꡬ뢄야이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:22
as this is a fairly new field of research.
2
22261
2610
μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν˜Όλž€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
For example, I was talking to one of my colleagues, Robert,
3
25569
3359
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” 제 λ™λ£ŒμΈ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈμ™€ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆˆ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
who is an oncologist,
4
28952
1308
λ‘œλ²„νŠΈλŠ” μ’…μ–‘ν•™μžμ˜€λŠ”λ°
00:30
and he was telling me,
5
30284
1301
μ €μ—κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
"Sandrine, this is puzzling.
6
32014
1755
"μ‚°λ“œλ¦°, λ‚˜ 이게 이해가 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ”λ°
00:33
Some of my patients that have been told they are cured of their cancer
7
33793
4314
μ•”μ—μ„œ μ™„μΉ˜λλ‹€κ³  톡보받은 일뢀 ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄
00:38
still develop symptoms of depression."
8
38131
2397
μ—¬μ „νžˆ 우울증 증세λ₯Ό 보여."
00:41
And I responded to him,
9
41520
1295
μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
"Well, from my point of view that makes sense.
10
42839
2340
"λ‚΄κ°€ 보기엔 말이 λ˜λŠ” κ±° κ°™μ•„.
00:45
The drug you give to your patients that stops the cancer cells multiplying
11
45203
4538
λ„€κ°€ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ²˜λ°©ν•˜λŠ” 암세포 증식을 λ§‰λŠ” 약이
00:49
also stops the newborn neurons being generated in their brain."
12
49765
5103
λ‡Œ μ†μ—μ„œ μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” 것도 λ§‰μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ."
00:55
And then Robert looked at me like I was crazy and said,
13
55820
2786
λ‘œλ²„νŠΈλŠ” μ €λ₯Ό λ―ΈμΉœμ‚¬λžŒμ²˜λŸΌ μ³λ‹€λ³΄κ³ λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
"But Sandrine, these are adult patients --
14
58630
2182
"그치만 μ‚°λ“œλ¦°, 이 ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 성인이야.
01:00
adults do not grow new nerve cells."
15
60836
2572
성인은 μƒˆ 신경세포λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ•„."
01:04
And much to his surprise, I said, "Well actually, we do."
16
64543
3666
μ €λŠ” μ˜μ™Έμ˜ 닡을 ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ•„λ‹ˆ, 성인도 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄."
01:09
And this is a phenomenon that we call neurogenesis.
17
69098
4826
이 ν˜„μƒμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
[Neurogenesis]
18
73948
1190
[μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒ]
01:15
Now Robert is not a neuroscientist,
19
75162
3770
μ§€κΈˆ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈλŠ” μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€..
01:18
and when he went to medical school he was not taught what we know now --
20
78956
4625
κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜λŒ€λ₯Ό 닀닐 λ•Œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”
01:23
that the adult brain can generate new nerve cells.
21
83605
3739
μ„±μΈμ˜ λ‡Œκ°€ μƒˆ 신경세포λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°°μš°μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
So Robert, you know, being the good doctor that he is,
22
89217
4370
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 쒋은 μ˜μ‚¬μ΄κΈ°μ—
01:33
wanted to come to my lab
23
93611
1699
이 주제λ₯Ό μ’€ 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 제 μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€λ‘œ 였고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
to understand the topic a little bit better.
24
95334
2824
01:38
And I took him for a tour
25
98881
2255
μ €λŠ” κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
01:41
of one of the most exciting parts of the brain
26
101160
2913
λ‡Œμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 뢀뢄을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
when it comes to neurogenesis --
27
104097
2173
01:46
and this is the hippocampus.
28
106294
2088
λŒ€λ‡Œ 츑두엽에 μžˆλŠ” ν•΄λ§ˆμ£ .
01:49
So this is this gray structure in the center of the brain.
29
109080
3852
ν•΄λ§ˆλŠ” λ‡Œ 쀑앙에 μžˆλŠ” νšŒμƒ‰ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
And what we've known already for very long,
30
113613
2422
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ ν•΄λ§ˆκ°€ ν•™μŠ΅κ³Ό κΈ°μ–΅,
01:56
is that this is important for learning, memory, mood and emotion.
31
116059
4765
감정과 μ •μ„œμ— μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
However, what we have learned more recently
32
121343
3047
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 것은 ν•΄λ§ˆκ°€
02:04
is that this is one of the unique structures of the adult brain
33
124414
4658
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 성인 λ‡Œμ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ 쑰직 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
where new neurons can be generated.
34
129096
2650
02:12
And if we slice through the hippocampus
35
132405
2311
ν•΄λ§ˆλ₯Ό μž˜λΌμ„œ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 듀여닀보면
02:14
and zoom in,
36
134740
1268
02:16
what you actually see here in blue
37
136032
2801
μ—¬κΈ° νŒŒλž—κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것이
02:18
is a newborn neuron in an adult mouse brain.
38
138857
4573
성인 μ₯μ˜ λ‡Œ 속에 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ λ‰΄λŸ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
So when it comes to the human brain --
39
144769
3055
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œμ— μ μš©ν•΄λ³΄λ©΄
02:27
my colleague Jonas FrisΓ©n from the Karolinska Institutet,
40
147848
3532
카둀린슀카 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” 제 λ™λ£Œ μš”λ‚˜μŠ€ 프리젠은
02:31
has estimated that we produce 700 new neurons per day
41
151404
5740
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄λ§ˆμ—μ„œ ν•˜λ£¨μ— 700개의 μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ μƒμ„±ν•œλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
in the hippocampus.
42
157168
1198
02:39
You might think this is not much,
43
159183
1675
우리의 수 μ‹­μ–΅ 개 λ‰΄λŸ°κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λ©΄ 적게 느껴질 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
compared to the billions of neurons we have.
44
160882
2389
02:43
But by the time we turn 50,
45
163644
3071
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 50μ„Έκ°€ 될 λ•Œμ―€μ—λŠ”
02:46
we will have all exchanged the neurons we were born with in that structure
46
166739
4676
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°–κ³  νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ ν•΄λ§ˆ μ†μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ λ’€ λ§Œλ“  λ‰΄λŸ°μœΌλ‘œ
02:51
with adult-born neurons.
47
171439
2215
λ‹€ κ΅μ²΄ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
So why are these new neurons important and what are their functions?
48
175248
5036
그럼 μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³  무슨 κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ°€μ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
03:01
First, we know that they're important for learning and memory.
49
181324
3698
λ¨Όμ €, ν•™μŠ΅κ³Ό 기얡에 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œκ³ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
And in the lab we have shown
50
185046
1517
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ
03:06
that if we block the ability of the adult brain
51
186587
3236
성인 λ‡Œ 속 ν•΄λ§ˆμ˜ μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯을 막아버리면
03:09
to produce new neurons in the hippocampus,
52
189847
2560
03:12
then we block certain memory abilities.
53
192431
2516
μΌλΆ€μ˜ κΈ°μ–΅ λŠ₯λ ₯도 μ°¨λ‹¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
And this is especially new and true for spatial recognition --
54
195721
6912
λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 길을 μ°ΎλŠ” 데 μ“°μ΄λŠ” 곡간지각λŠ₯λ ₯의 경우 특히 더
03:22
so like, how you navigate your way in the city.
55
202657
2798
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ ν•΄λ‹Ήλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
We are still learning a lot,
56
206181
1478
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 많이 λ°°μš°λŠ” 쀑이고
03:27
and neurons are not only important for memory capacity,
57
207683
3063
λ‰΄λŸ°μ€ κΈ°μ–΅ μš©λŸ‰λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:30
but also for the quality of the memory.
58
210770
2903
κΈ°μ–΅μ˜ μ§ˆμ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
And they will have been helpful to add time to our memory
59
213697
4045
기얡에 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ”ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ°λ‚˜
03:37
and they will help differentiate very similar memories, like:
60
217766
4682
λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 기얡을 κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
how do you find your bike
61
222472
2080
맀일 μ—­μ˜ 같은 곳에 μ„Έμ›Œλ‘μ§€λ§Œ
03:44
that you park at the station every day in the same area,
62
224576
3516
살짝 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 놓아 λ‘” μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό
03:48
but in a slightly different position?
63
228116
2142
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ°ΎλŠ”κ°€ ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
03:52
And more interesting to my colleague Robert
64
232068
2484
제 λ™λ£Œ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈκ°€ 더 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œλ˜ 것은
03:54
is the research we have been doing on neurogenesis and depression.
65
234576
4862
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒκ³Ό μš°μšΈμ¦μ— κ΄€ν•΄ ν•˜κ³  있던 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
So in an animal model of depression,
66
240010
1938
동물이 μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ μ•“κ³ μžˆλŠ” 경우
04:01
we have seen that we have a lower level of neurogenesis.
67
241972
4004
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ΄ 더 적게 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
And if we give antidepressants,
68
246500
2243
이 경우 ν•­μš°μšΈμ œλ₯Ό νˆ¬μž…ν•˜λ©΄
04:08
then we increase the production of these newborn neurons,
69
248767
3454
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ λ°œμƒμ€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
04:12
and we decrease the symptoms of depression,
70
252245
3143
우울증 μ¦μ„ΈλŠ” μ™„ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
establishing a clear link between neurogenesis and depression.
71
255412
5460
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒκ³Ό 우울증 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λͺ…ν™•νžˆ 확립해 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
But moreover, if you just block neurogenesis,
72
261191
4309
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒλ§Œ μ°¨λ‹¨ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:25
then you block the efficacy of the antidepressant.
73
265524
2833
ν•­μš°μšΈμ œμ˜ νš¨κ³ΌκΉŒμ§€ μ°¨λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
So by then, Robert had understood
74
269714
1763
이 λ•Œ μ―€ 되자, λ‘œλ²„νŠΈλŠ”
04:31
that very likely his patients were suffering from depression
75
271501
3698
ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄ μ•”μ—μ„œ μ™„μΉ˜λ˜κ³ λ„ μš°μšΈμ¦μ— μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄μœ κ°€
04:35
even after being cured of their cancer,
76
275223
2595
ν•­μ•”μ œκ°€ μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 것을
04:37
because the cancer drug had stopped newborn neurons from being generated.
77
277842
4381
λ§‰μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ ν™•λ₯ μ΄ ν¬λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
And it will take time to generate new neurons
78
282247
3628
그리고 정상적인 κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚€λ €λ©΄
04:45
that reach normal functions.
79
285899
2206
μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ’€ 걸릴 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
So, collectively, now we think we have enough evidence
80
289780
4409
이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅ν˜•μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ 기뢄을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:54
to say that neurogenesis is a target of choice
81
294213
3715
노화와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 퇴화λ₯Ό 막고 μ‹ΆμœΌλ©΄
04:57
if we want to improve memory formation or mood,
82
297952
3614
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ΄ 선택 λͺ©ν‘œλΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 만큼
05:01
or even prevent the decline associated with aging,
83
301590
3563
μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 증거λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
or associated with stress.
84
305177
2134
말할 증거가 μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
So the next question is:
85
308288
1731
λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€,
05:10
can we control neurogenesis?
86
310043
2174
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
The answer is yes.
87
313066
1191
κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
And we are now going to do a little quiz.
88
314860
2563
이제 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ ν’€μ–΄λ³Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
I'm going to give you a set of behaviors and activities,
89
318201
3181
μ œκ°€ λ™μž‘μ΄λ‚˜ ν™œλ™μ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ν…λ°
05:21
and you tell me if you think they will increase neurogenesis
90
321406
4684
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—” μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¬μ§€ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬μ§€
05:26
or if they will decrease neurogenesis.
91
326114
2166
λ§ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
05:28
Are we ready?
92
328804
1159
μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
05:30
OK, let's go.
93
330550
1159
μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
So what about learning?
94
332034
1587
무언가λ₯Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
05:34
Increasing?
95
334521
1180
μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λ‚˜μš”?
05:35
Yes.
96
335725
1159
λ§žμ•„μš”.
05:36
Learning will increase the production of these new neurons.
97
336908
3786
ν•™μŠ΅μ€ μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
How about stress?
98
340718
1316
μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
05:43
Yes, stress will decrease the production of new neurons in the hippocampus.
99
343431
4737
λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€λŠ” ν•΄λ§ˆ 속 λ‰΄λŸ° λ°œμƒμ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
How about sleep deprivation?
100
348192
1612
μˆ˜λ©΄λΆ€μ‘±μ€μš”?
05:51
Indeed, it will decrease neurogenesis.
101
351375
2699
λ§žμ•„μš”, μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
How about sex?
102
354098
1221
μ„ΉμŠ€λŠ”μš”?
05:56
Oh, wow!
103
356414
1152
μ–΄λ¨Έλ‚˜!
05:57
(Laughter)
104
357590
1267
(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:58
Yes, you are right, it will increase the production of new neurons.
105
358881
3753
λ§žμ•„μš”, μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
However, it's all about balance here.
106
362658
2152
κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ κ· ν˜•μ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
We don't want to fall in a situation --
107
364834
2213
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ„ΉμŠ€λ₯Ό μžμ£Όν•΄μ„œ
06:07
(Laughter)
108
367071
1928
(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:09
about too much sex leading to sleep deprivation.
109
369023
2834
μˆ˜λ©΄λΆ€μ‘±μ΄ μ˜€λŠ” 건 μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
06:11
(Laughter)
110
371881
2229
(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:14
How about getting older?
111
374753
2191
λ…Έν™”λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
06:19
So the neurogenesis rate will decrease as we get older,
112
379645
3683
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒλ₯ μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŠ™μ–΄κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘ κ°μ†Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
but it is still occurring.
113
383352
1746
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜μ£ .
06:26
And then finally, how about running?
114
386042
2191
λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, λ‹¬λ¦¬κΈ°λŠ”μš”?
06:29
I will let you judge that one by yourself.
115
389912
2809
그건 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ— λ§‘κΈ°κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
So this is one of the first studies
116
393563
1796
이건 제 λ©˜ν† μΈ λŸ¬μŠ€ν‹° κ²Œμ΄μ§€κ°€
06:35
that was carried out by one of my mentors, Rusty Gage from the Salk Institute,
117
395383
4403
μ†”ν¬μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ ν•˜μ‹  초기 연ꡬ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
showing that the environment can have an impact
118
399810
2274
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ° λ°œμƒμ— ν™˜κ²½μ΄ 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ 보여주죠.
06:42
on the production of new neurons.
119
402108
1889
06:44
And here you see a section of the hippocampus of a mouse
120
404021
4254
이건 쳇바퀴가 μ—†λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜
06:48
that had no running wheel in its cage.
121
408299
2245
생μ₯μ˜ ν•΄λ§ˆ λ‹¨λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
And the little black dots you see are actually newborn neurons-to-be.
122
410568
4035
λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” 검은 점듀이 μƒˆλ‘œ λ°œμƒλ  λ‰΄λŸ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
And now, you see a section of the hippocampus of a mouse
123
415246
5138
μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ— 쳇바퀴가 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 생μ₯μ˜
07:00
that had a running wheel in its cage.
124
420408
2596
ν•΄λ§ˆ λ‹¨λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
So you see the massive increase
125
423028
1523
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ 될
07:04
of the black dots representing the new neurons-to-be.
126
424575
2813
검은 점이 κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ μ¦κ°€ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
07:08
So activity impacts neurogenesis, but that's not all.
127
428819
3793
ν™œλ™μ€ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ§€λ§Œ 그게 λ‹€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
What you eat will have an effect
128
433639
2647
μ‹μƒν™œλ„ ν•΄λ§ˆμ˜
07:16
on the production of new neurons in the hippocampus.
129
436310
2914
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ° λ°œμƒμ— 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
So here we have a sample of diet --
130
439248
2960
μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 게 μž…μ¦λœ μ˜μ–‘μ†Œλ‘œ
07:22
of nutrients that have been shown to have efficacy.
131
442232
3277
κ΅¬μ„±λœ 식단이 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
And I'm just going to point a few out to you:
132
445973
2595
λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ μ§šμ–΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
Calorie restriction of 20 to 30 percent will increase neurogenesis.
133
448592
5094
20-30% 칼둜리λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ” 것은 μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
Intermittent fasting -- spacing the time between your meals --
134
454128
3482
λΌλ‹ˆ 사이에 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‘λŠ” 간헐적 단식은
07:37
will increase neurogenesis.
135
457634
2139
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
Intake of flavonoids,
136
459797
1323
λΈ”λ£¨λ² λ¦¬λ‚˜
07:41
which are contained in dark chocolate or blueberries,
137
461144
3003
λ‹€ν¬μ΄ˆμ½œλ¦Ώμ— ν•¨μœ λœ ν”ŒλΌλ³΄λ…Έμ΄λ“œμ˜ μ„­μ·¨λŠ”
07:44
will increase neurogenesis.
138
464171
1823
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
Omega-3 fatty acids,
139
466355
1506
연어같이 지방이 λ§Žμ€ 생선에
07:47
present in fatty fish, like salmon,
140
467885
2211
λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” μ˜€λ©”κ°€-3 지방산은
07:50
will increase the production of these new neurons.
141
470120
2438
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
Conversely, a diet rich in high saturated fat
142
473502
4101
λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ, 포화지방이 많이 λ“  식단은
07:57
will have a negative impact on neurogenesis.
143
477627
2740
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ— μ•ˆ 쒋은 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
Ethanol -- intake of alcohol -- will decrease neurogenesis.
144
481232
4182
μˆ μ„ λ§ˆμ‹€ λ•Œ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μ—νƒ„μ˜¬μ€ μ‹ κ²°λ°œμƒμ„ μ €ν•˜μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
However, not everything is lost;
145
485981
2722
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€ 그런건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
resveratrol, which is contained in red wine,
146
488727
3052
적포도주에 ν•¨μœ λœ 레슀베라트둀 성뢄은
08:11
has been shown to promote the survival of these new neurons.
147
491803
3491
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ 쑴속을 μ΄‰μ§„μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 게 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
So next time you are at a dinner party,
148
495708
1866
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ‹€μŒμ— 저녁 λ§Œμ°¬μ— κ°€μ‹œλ©΄
08:17
you might want to reach for this possibly "neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
149
497598
4004
"μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒ 쀑립적"인 음료λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹œλŠ” 게 쒋을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
(Laughter)
150
501909
2133
(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:24
And then finally, let me point out the last one --
151
504066
2501
λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ 더 μ§šμ–΄λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
08:26
a quirky one.
152
506591
1158
νŠΉμ΄ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
So Japanese groups are fascinated with food textures,
153
507773
3895
일본인듀은 μŒμ‹μ˜ 촉감에 λŒλ¦¬λŠ”λ°
08:31
and they have shown that actually soft diet impairs neurogenesis,
154
511692
5303
λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ μŒμ‹μ„ λ¨ΉλŠ” μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ €ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
as opposed to food that requires mastication -- chewing -- or crunchy food.
155
517019
4721
μ”Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” λ°”μ‚­ν•œ μŒμ‹κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 말이죠.
08:42
So all of this data,
156
522827
1793
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 세포 λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ
08:44
where we need to look at the cellular level,
157
524644
2581
κ΄€μ°°ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  μ •λ³΄λŠ”
08:47
has been generated using animal models.
158
527249
2507
동물 ν‘œλ³ΈμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ 얻은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
But this diet has also been given to human participants,
159
530470
4381
κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ μ°Έμ—¬μžμ—κ²Œλ„ 이 식단이 μ œκ³΅λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
08:54
and what we could see is that the diet modulates memory and mood
160
534875
6158
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것은 μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” 방식과
09:01
in the same direction as it modulates neurogenesis,
161
541057
3484
같은 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅κ³Ό 기뢄을 μ‘°μ ˆν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
such as: calorie restriction will improve memory capacity,
162
544565
4757
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 칼둜리 μ œν•œμ€ κΈ°μ–΅ μš©λŸ‰μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜λŠ” 반면
09:09
whereas a high-fat diet will exacerbate symptoms of depression --
163
549346
5099
μ§€λ°©ν•¨λŸ‰μ΄ 높은 μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€μ€ 우울증 증세λ₯Ό μ•…ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
as opposed to omega-3 fatty acids, which increase neurogenesis,
164
554469
3864
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λ©”κ°€-3 지방산은 μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
09:18
and also help to decrease the symptoms of depression.
165
558357
4183
우울증 증세 완화에 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
So we think that the effect of diet
166
563643
4817
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄
09:28
on mental health, on memory and mood,
167
568484
3595
정신건강과 κΈ°μ–΅, 기뢄에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯이
09:32
is actually mediated by the production of the new neurons in the hippocampus.
168
572103
4472
ν•΄λ§ˆμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒλ˜λŠ” μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ‘°μ ˆλœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
And it's not only what you eat,
169
576994
1920
λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 뭘 λ¨ΉλŠ”μ§€λ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ¨ΉλŠ” μŒμ‹μ˜ 촉감과 양도 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
but it's also the texture of the food, when you eat it
170
578938
3065
09:42
and how much of it you eat.
171
582027
1824
09:45
On our side -- neuroscientists interested in neurogenesis --
172
585841
4033
μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ— 관심을 κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
09:49
we need to understand better the function of these new neurons,
173
589898
3665
μƒˆ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ λ°œμƒκ³Ό 쑴속을
09:53
and how we can control their survival and their production.
174
593587
3984
ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 잘 μ•Œμ•„μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
We also need to find a way to protect the neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
175
597896
4539
λ‘œλ²„νŠΈμ˜ ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ„λ‘ λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄ 쀄 방법도 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
And on your side --
176
603271
1377
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ»˜λŠ”
10:04
I leave you in charge of your neurogenesis.
177
604672
2430
본인 슀슀둜의 μ‹ κ²½λ°œμƒμ„ λ§‘κΈ°κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
Thank you.
178
607691
1158
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
(Applause)
179
608873
5959
(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:14
Margaret Heffernan: Fantastic research, Sandrine.
180
614856
2332
λ§ˆκ°€λ ›: 멋진 μ—°κ΅¬λ„€μš”.
10:17
Now, I told you you changed my life --
181
617212
2245
λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έμ§€λ§Œ 당신은 제 인생을 λ°”κΏ”λ†“μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
10:19
I now eat a lot of blueberries.
182
619481
1778
μ „ 이제 블루베리λ₯Ό 많이 λ¨Ήμ–΄μš”.
10:21
Sandrine Thuret: Very good.
183
621283
1547
μ‚°λ“œλ¦°: μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹μ•„μš”.
10:23
MH: I'm really interested in the running thing.
184
623528
2444
λ§ˆκ°€λ ›: μ œκ°€ 달리기에 관심이 λ§Žμ€λ°μš”,
10:26
Do I have to run?
185
626869
1651
κΌ­ λ›°μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
10:29
Or is it really just about aerobic exercise,
186
629368
2642
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ·Έλƒ₯ λ‡Œμ— μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ”
10:32
getting oxygen to the brain?
187
632034
1605
μ—μ–΄λ‘œλΉ… μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜λŠ”κ±΄κ°€μš”?
10:33
Could it be any kind of vigorous exercise?
188
633663
2135
λ‹€λ₯Έ μš΄λ™μ΄λΌλ„ κ²©λ ¬ν•˜λ©΄ μƒκ΄€μ—†λ‚˜μš”?
10:36
ST: So for the moment,
189
636101
1737
μ‚°λ“œλ¦°: ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
10:37
we can't really say if it's just the running itself,
190
637862
3240
달리기 κ·Έ 자체λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
but we think that anything that indeed will increase the production --
191
641126
5037
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‰΄λŸ°μ˜ λ°œμƒκ³Ό λ‡Œμ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μˆœν™˜μ„
10:46
or moving the blood flow to the brain,
192
646187
3080
μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 건 무엇이든 도움이 될 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
should be beneficial.
193
649291
1602
10:51
MH: So I don't have to get a running wheel in my office?
194
651353
2627
λ§ˆκ°€λ ›: 그럼 사무싀에 쳇바퀴λ₯Ό 갖닀놓지 μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ ?
μ‚°λ“œλ¦°: λ„€, μ•ˆκ·Έλž˜λ„ λΌμš”!
10:54
ST: No, you don't!
195
654004
1163
λ§ˆκ°€λ ›: λ‹€ν–‰μ΄λ„€μš”! 정말 μ’‹μ•„μš”.
10:55
MH: Oh, what a relief! That's wonderful.
196
655191
2093
μ‚°λ“œλ¦°, 정말 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
Sandrine Thuret, thank you so much.
197
657308
1753
μ‚°λ“œλ¦°: κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
ST: Thank you, Margaret.
198
659085
1199
(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:00
(Applause)
199
660308
2668
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7