Gayle Tzemach Lemmon: Women entrepreneurs, example not exception

81,545 views ใƒป 2012-01-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shari Pinkas ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
We do not invest in victims,
0
15260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,
00:18
we invest in survivors.
1
18260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื.
00:20
And in ways both big and small,
2
20260
3000
ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
00:23
the narrative of the victim
3
23260
2000
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ
00:25
shapes the way we see women.
4
25260
2000
ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
00:27
You can't count what you don't see.
5
27260
3000
ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื.
00:30
And we don't invest in what's invisible to us.
6
30260
3000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื”.
00:33
But this is the face
7
33260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืคื ื™ื”
00:35
of resilience.
8
35260
3000
ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช.
00:38
Six years ago,
9
38260
2000
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
00:40
I started writing about women entrepreneurs
10
40260
2000
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื–ืžื•ืช
00:42
during and after conflict.
11
42260
2000
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื.
00:44
I set out to write a compelling economic story,
12
44260
2000
ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืข,
00:46
one that had great characters, that no one else was telling,
13
46260
3000
ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืื•ืชื•,
00:49
and one that I thought mattered.
14
49260
2000
ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
00:51
And that turned out to be women.
15
51260
3000
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
00:54
I had left ABC news and a career I loved at the age of 30
16
54260
3000
ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื™.ื‘ื™.ืกื™.,
00:57
for business school,
17
57260
2000
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืกืงื™ื -
00:59
a path I knew almost nothing about.
18
59260
2000
ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœื™ ื›ืžืขื˜.
01:01
None of the women I had grown up with in Maryland
19
61260
3000
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืจื™ืœื ื“
01:04
had graduated from college,
20
64260
2000
ืœื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืงื•ืœื’',
01:06
let alone considered business school.
21
66260
2000
ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืกืงื™ื.
01:08
But they had hustled to feed their kids
22
68260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ
01:10
and pay their rent.
23
70260
2000
ื•ืœืฉืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื”.
01:12
And I saw from a young age
24
72260
2000
ื•ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืจืื™ืชื™
01:14
that having a decent job and earning a good living
25
74260
2000
ืฉืžืฉืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
01:16
made the biggest difference
26
76260
2000
ื”ื™ื•ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
01:18
for families who were struggling.
27
78260
2000
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืงืฉื•ืช.
01:20
So if you're going to talk about jobs,
28
80260
2000
ืื– ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช,
01:22
then you have to talk about entrepreneurs.
29
82260
3000
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื.
01:25
And if you're talking about entrepreneurs
30
85260
2000
ื•ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื
01:27
in conflict and post-conflict settings,
31
87260
2000
ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ืžื•ืช,
01:29
then you must talk about women,
32
89260
2000
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื,
01:31
because they are the population you have left.
33
91260
3000
ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืฉืืจืช.
01:34
Rwanda in the immediate aftermath of the genocide
34
94260
4000
ื‘ืจื•ื•ืื ื“ื”, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ืฉืื™ืจืข ืฉื
01:38
was 77 percent female.
35
98260
3000
ื ื•ืชืจื• 77% ื ืฉื™ื.
01:41
I want to introduce you
36
101260
2000
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื
01:43
to some of those entrepreneurs I've met
37
103260
2000
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™
01:45
and share with you some of what they've taught me over the years.
38
105260
3000
ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืžื›ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
01:48
I went to Afghanistan in 2005
39
108260
3000
ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘-2005
01:51
to work on a Financial Times piece,
40
111260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก",
01:53
and there I met Kamila,
41
113260
2000
ืฉื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ืงืžื™ืœื”,
01:55
a young women who told me she had just turned down
42
115260
2000
ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื”
01:57
a job with the international community
43
117260
2000
ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
01:59
that would have paid her nearly $2,000 a month --
44
119260
3000
ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืชื›ืจืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ--
02:02
an astronomical sum in that context.
45
122260
3000
ืกื›ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื”.
02:05
And she had turned it down, she said,
46
125260
2000
ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื”, ื›ืš ืืžืจื”,
02:07
because she was going to start her next business,
47
127260
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื”,
02:10
an entrepreneurship consultancy
48
130260
2000
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื
02:12
that would teach business skills
49
132260
2000
ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืืคื’ื ื™ื™ื
02:14
to men and women all around Afghanistan.
50
134260
2000
ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.
02:16
Business, she said,
51
136260
2000
ืขืกืงื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
02:18
was critical to her country's future.
52
138260
2000
ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:20
Because long after this round of internationals left,
53
140260
3000
ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจื™ื,
02:23
business would help keep her country
54
143260
2000
ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ
02:25
peaceful and secure.
55
145260
3000
ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:28
And she said business was even more important for women
56
148260
3000
ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉืขืกืงื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
02:31
because earning an income earned respect
57
151260
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืงื ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“
02:34
and money was power for women.
58
154260
3000
ื•ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—.
02:37
So I was amazed.
59
157260
2000
ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™.
02:39
I mean here was a girl who had never lived in peace time
60
159260
3000
ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื•ื
02:42
who somehow had come to sound like a candidate from "The Apprentice."
61
162260
3000
ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื”".
02:45
(Laughter)
62
165260
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:47
So I asked her, "How in the world do you know this much about business?
63
167260
3000
ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” "ืื™ืš ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ื?
02:50
Why are you so passionate?"
64
170260
2000
ืœืžื” ืืช ื›"ื› ืœื”ื•ื˜ื”?"
02:52
She said, "Oh Gayle, this is actually my third business.
65
172260
4000
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ื’ื™ื™ืœ, ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™.
02:56
My first business was a dressmaking business
66
176260
2000
ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืชืคืจืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช.
02:58
I started under the Taliban.
67
178260
2000
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื›ืฉื”ื˜ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ ืฉืœื˜ื•.
03:00
And that was actually an excellent business,
68
180260
2000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืกืง ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:02
because we provided jobs for women all around our neighborhood.
69
182260
3000
ื›ื™ ืกื™ืคืงื ื• ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
03:05
And that's really how I became an entrepreneur."
70
185260
3000
ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื–ืžืช."
03:10
Think about this:
71
190260
2000
ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”:
03:12
Here were girls who braved danger
72
192260
2000
ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืกื›ื ื”
03:14
to become breadwinners
73
194260
2000
ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืคืจื ืกื•ืช
03:16
during years in which they couldn't even be on their streets.
74
196260
3000
ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืœืจื—ื•ื‘.
03:19
And at a time of economic collapse
75
199260
3000
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
03:22
when people sold baby dolls and shoe laces
76
202260
2000
ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืจื• ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœื ืขืœื™ื™ื
03:24
and windows and doors
77
204260
3000
ื•ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืœืชื•ืช
03:27
just to survive,
78
207260
3000
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“,
03:30
these girls made the difference
79
210260
2000
ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฅ
03:32
between survival and starvation
80
212260
2000
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื‘
03:34
for so many.
81
214260
2000
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื›"ื›.
03:36
I couldn't leave the story, and I couldn't leave the topic either,
82
216260
3000
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ื’ื ืœื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
03:39
because everywhere I went I met more of these women
83
219260
3000
ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื”
03:42
who no one seemed to know about,
84
222260
2000
ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืŸ,
03:44
or even wish to.
85
224260
2000
ืื• ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
03:46
I went on to Bosnia,
86
226260
2000
ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™
03:48
and early on in my interviews I met with an IMF official
87
228260
3000
ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
03:51
who said, "You know, Gayle,
88
231260
2000
ืฉืืžืจ "ื’ื™ื™ืœ,
03:53
I don't think we actually have women in business in Bosnia,
89
233260
2000
ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”,
03:55
but there is a lady selling cheese nearby
90
235260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ
03:57
on the side of the road.
91
237260
2000
ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš.
03:59
So maybe you could interview her."
92
239260
3000
ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”."
04:02
So I went out reporting
93
242260
2000
ืื– ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ
04:04
and within a day I met Narcisa Kavazovic
94
244260
3000
ื•ืชื•ืš ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื ืจืฆื™ืกื” ืงื‘ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ
04:07
who at that point was opening a new factory
95
247260
2000
ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืชื—ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉ
04:09
on the war's former front lines in Sarajevo.
96
249260
3000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื• ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•.
04:12
She had started her business
97
252260
2000
ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœื”
04:14
squatting in an abandoned garage,
98
254260
2000
ื‘ืžื•ืกืš ื ื˜ื•ืฉ,
04:16
sewing sheets and pillow cases
99
256260
2000
ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืชืคืจื” ืžืฆืขื™ื
04:18
she would take to markets all around the city
100
258260
2000
ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
04:20
so that she could support
101
260260
2000
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืจื ืก
04:22
the 12 or 13 family members
102
262260
2000
12 ืื• 13 ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”
04:24
who were counting on her for survival.
103
264260
3000
ืฉื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”.
04:27
By the time we met, she had 20 employees,
104
267260
2000
ื›ืฉื”ื›ืจื ื•, ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ 20 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
04:29
most of them women,
105
269260
2000
ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื,
04:31
who were sending their boys and their girls to school.
106
271260
3000
ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
04:34
And she was just the start.
107
274260
2000
ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
04:36
I met women running essential oils businesses,
108
276260
3000
ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื• ืขืกืงื™ื ืœืฉืžื ื™ื ืืชืจื™ื™ื,
04:39
wineries
109
279260
2000
ื™ืงื‘ื™ื,
04:41
and even the country's largest advertising agency.
110
281260
3000
ื•ืืช ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
04:44
So these stories together
111
284260
2000
ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:46
became the Herald Tribune business cover.
112
286260
2000
ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”"ื”ืจืœื“ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ"
04:48
And when this story posted,
113
288260
2000
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื”,
04:50
I ran to my computer to send it to the IMF official.
114
290260
2000
ืžื™ื”ืจืชื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื "ืœ.
04:52
And I said, "Just in case you're looking for entrepreneurs
115
292260
3000
ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœื• "ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื•ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื
04:55
to feature at your next investment conference,
116
295260
3000
ืฉื™ื ืืžื• ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื,
04:58
here are a couple of women."
117
298260
2000
ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื."
05:00
(Applause)
118
300260
5000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:05
But think about this.
119
305260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
05:07
The IMF official is hardly the only person
120
307260
3000
ืื•ืชื• ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
05:10
to automatically file women under micro.
121
310260
3000
ืฉืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืžืงื˜ืœื’ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช "ืžื™ืงืจื•".
05:13
The biases, whether intentional or otherwise,
122
313260
2000
ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ืื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ืœื,
05:15
are pervasive,
123
315260
2000
ื”ืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช,
05:17
and so are the misleading mental images.
124
317260
3000
ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
05:20
If you see the word "microfinance,"
125
320260
2000
ื›ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื "ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžื™ืงืจื•" -
05:22
what comes to mind?
126
322260
3000
ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื?
05:25
Most people say women.
127
325260
2000
ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
05:27
And if you see the word "entrepreneur,"
128
327260
3000
ื•ื›ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื "ื™ื•ื–ื" -
05:30
most people think men.
129
330260
2000
ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:32
Why is that?
130
332260
2000
ืœืžื” ื–ื”?
05:34
Because we aim low and we think small
131
334260
3000
ื›ื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ
05:37
when it comes to women.
132
337260
2000
ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื.
05:39
Microfinance is an incredibly powerful tool
133
339260
2000
ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžื™ืงืจื• ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ืžืขืฆื™ื
05:41
that leads to self-sufficiency and self-respect,
134
341260
3000
ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™,
05:44
but we must move beyond micro-hopes
135
344260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืงื•ื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•
05:46
and micro-ambitions for women,
136
346260
2000
ื•ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื• ืœื ืฉื™ื,
05:48
because they have so much greater hopes for themselves.
137
348260
3000
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฆืžืŸ.
05:51
They want to move from micro to medium and beyond.
138
351260
3000
ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืงืจื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ืœืื”.
05:54
And in many places,
139
354260
2000
ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
05:56
they're there.
140
356260
2000
ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื.
05:58
In the U.S., women-owned businesses
141
358260
2000
ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื
06:00
will create five and a half million new jobs by 2018.
142
360260
3000
ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2018.
06:03
In South Korea and Indonesia,
143
363260
3000
ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”
06:06
women own nearly half a million firms.
144
366260
3000
ื™ืฉ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืช.
06:09
China, women run 20 percent
145
369260
2000
ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช 20%
06:11
of all small businesses.
146
371260
2000
ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
06:13
And in the developing world overall,
147
373260
2000
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
06:15
That figure is 40 to 50 percent.
148
375260
3000
ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœ-40% ืขื“ 50%.
06:18
Nearly everywhere I go,
149
378260
2000
ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื”,
06:20
I meet incredibly interesting entrepreneurs
150
380260
2000
ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช
06:22
who are seeking access to finance, access to markets
151
382260
3000
ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
06:25
and established business networks.
152
385260
2000
ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช.
06:27
They are often ignored
153
387260
2000
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ืŸ
06:29
because they're harder to help.
154
389260
2000
ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ.
06:31
It is much riskier to give a 50,000 dollar loan
155
391260
3000
ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ
06:34
than it is to give a 500 dollar loan.
156
394260
3000
ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชืช 500 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
06:37
And as the World Bank recently noted,
157
397260
2000
ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ,
06:39
women are stuck in a productivity trap.
158
399260
3000
ื ืฉื™ื ืชืงื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
06:42
Those in small businesses
159
402260
2000
ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
06:44
can't get the capital they need to expand
160
404260
2000
ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘,
06:46
and those in microbusiness
161
406260
2000
ื•ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืกืงื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•
06:48
can't grow out of them.
162
408260
2000
ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
06:50
Recently I was at the State Department in Washington
163
410260
3000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
06:53
and I met an incredibly passionate entrepreneur from Ghana.
164
413260
3000
ื•ื”ื™ื›ืจืชื™ ื™ื–ืžืช ื ืœื”ื‘ืช ืžื’ืื ื”.
06:56
She sells chocolates.
165
416260
2000
ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
06:58
And she had come to Washington,
166
418260
2000
ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
07:00
not seeking a handout and not seeking a microloan.
167
420260
3000
ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืขื ืง ืื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžื™ืงืจื•.
07:03
She had come seeking serious investment dollars
168
423260
3000
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช
07:06
so that she could build the factory
169
426260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืคืขืœ
07:08
and buy the equipment she needs
170
428260
2000
ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ
07:10
to export her chocolates
171
430260
2000
ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืฉืœื”
07:12
to Africa, Europe, the Middle East
172
432260
2000
ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
07:14
and far beyond --
173
434260
2000
ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ -
07:16
capital that would help her to employ
174
436260
2000
ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง
07:18
more than the 20 people
175
438260
2000
ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืื™ืฉ
07:20
that she already has working for her,
176
440260
3000
ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืฆืœื”,
07:23
and capital that would fuel her own country's
177
443260
2000
ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
07:25
economic climb.
178
445260
2000
ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื”.
07:27
The great news is
179
447260
2000
ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ
07:29
we already know what works.
180
449260
2000
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:31
Theory and empirical evidence
181
451260
2000
ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžืคื™ืจื™ื•ืช
07:33
Have already taught us.
182
453260
2000
ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื•.
07:35
We don't need to invent solutions because we have them --
183
455260
3000
ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ:
07:38
cash flow loans
184
458260
2000
ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืชื–ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื
07:40
based in income rather than assets,
185
460260
2000
ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื,
07:42
loans that use secure contracts rather than collateral,
186
462260
3000
ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืžืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืขืจื‘ื•ืŸ,
07:45
because women often don't own land.
187
465260
3000
ื›ื™ ื ืฉื™ื, ืœืจื•ื‘, ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืงืจืงืข.
07:48
And Kiva.org, the microlender,
188
468260
2000
ืืจื’ื•ืŸ Kiva.org, ื”ืžึทืœึฐื•ึถื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•,
07:50
is actually now experimenting with crowdsourcing
189
470260
3000
ืขื•ืจืš ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™
07:53
small and medium sized loans.
190
473260
2000
ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
07:55
And that's just to start.
191
475260
3000
ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
07:58
Recently it has become very much in fashion
192
478260
3000
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
08:01
to call women "the emerging market of the emerging market."
193
481260
4000
"ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืœื”".
08:05
I think that is terrific.
194
485260
2000
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
08:07
You know why?
195
487260
2000
ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื”?
08:09
Because -- and I say this as somebody who worked in finance --
196
489260
4000
ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช
08:13
500 billion dollars at least
197
493260
3000
ืฉืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
08:16
has gone into the emerging markets in the past decade.
198
496260
3000
ื”ื•ื–ืจืžื• ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
08:19
Because investors saw the potential for return
199
499260
3000
ื›ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืจืื• ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ
08:22
at a time of slowing economic growth,
200
502260
2000
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช,
08:24
and so they created financial products
201
504260
2000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืจื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื
08:26
and financial innovation
202
506260
2000
ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช
08:28
tailored to the emerging markets.
203
508260
3000
ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื.
08:31
How wonderful would it be
204
511260
3000
ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœื ื”ื™ื”
08:34
if we were prepared to replace all of our lofty words
205
514260
2000
ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
08:36
with our wallets
206
516260
2000
ื‘ืืจื ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
08:38
and invest 500 billion dollars
207
518260
2000
ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
08:40
unleashing women's economic potential?
208
520260
3000
ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉื™?
08:43
Just think of the benefits
209
523260
2000
ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
08:45
when it comes to jobs, productivity,
210
525260
2000
ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช, ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช,
08:47
employment, child nutrition,
211
527260
2000
ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืชื–ื•ื ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
08:49
maternal mortality, literacy
212
529260
2000
ืชืžื•ืชืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
08:51
and much, much more.
213
531260
4000
ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื.
08:55
Because, as the World Economic Forum noted,
214
535260
3000
ื›ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™,
08:58
smaller gender gaps are directly correlated
215
538260
3000
ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื
09:01
with increased economic competitiveness.
216
541260
2000
ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืก ื™ืฉืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
09:03
And not one country in all the world
217
543260
3000
ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
09:06
has eliminated its economic participation gap --
218
546260
3000
ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ -
09:09
not one.
219
549260
2000
ืืฃ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:11
So the great news
220
551260
2000
ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ
09:13
is this is an incredible opportunity.
221
553260
2000
ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช.
09:15
We have so much room to grow.
222
555260
3000
ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
09:18
So you see,
223
558260
2000
ื‘ืขืฆื,
09:20
this is not about doing good,
224
560260
2000
ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืคื” ื‘ืฆื“ืงื”,
09:22
this is about global growth
225
562260
2000
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
09:24
and global employment.
226
564260
2000
ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
09:26
It is about how we invest
227
566260
2000
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื ื•
09:28
and it's about how we see women.
228
568260
2000
ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื ืฉื™ื.
09:30
And women can no longer be
229
570260
2000
ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื
09:32
both half the population
230
572260
2000
ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”
09:34
and a special interest group.
231
574260
2000
ื•ื’ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
09:36
(Applause)
232
576260
7000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:43
Oftentimes I get into very interesting discussions with reporters
233
583260
3000
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื
09:46
who say to me, "Gayle, these are great stories,
234
586260
2000
ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ "ื’ื™ื™ืœ, ืืœื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
09:48
but you're really writing about the exceptions."
235
588260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ".
09:51
Now that makes me pause for just a couple reasons.
236
591260
3000
ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
09:54
First of all, for exceptions,
237
594260
2000
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช,
09:56
there are a lot of them
238
596260
2000
ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืœื”
09:58
and they're important.
239
598260
3000
ื•ื”ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
10:01
Secondly, when we talk about men who are succeeding,
240
601260
3000
ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
10:04
we rightly consider them
241
604260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื‘ืฆื“ืง,
10:06
icons or pioneers or innovators
242
606260
2000
ืื™ืงื•ื ื•ืช, ืื• ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ืื• ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื
10:08
to be emulated.
243
608260
2000
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
10:10
And when we talk about women,
244
610260
2000
ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื,
10:12
they are either exceptions to be dismissed
245
612260
3000
ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ
10:15
or aberrations to be ignored.
246
615260
3000
ืื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ.
10:18
And finally,
247
618260
2000
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
10:20
there is no society anywhere in all the world
248
620260
3000
ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:23
that is not changed
249
623260
2000
ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช
10:25
except by its most exceptional.
250
625260
2000
ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื”.
10:27
So why wouldn't we celebrate and elevate
251
627260
4000
ืื– ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื”ืœืœ ื•ื ืฉื‘ื—
10:31
these change makers and job creators
252
631260
2000
ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
10:33
rather than overlook them?
253
633260
3000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื?
10:36
This topic of resilience is very personal to me
254
636260
3000
ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
10:39
and in many ways has shaped my life.
255
639260
3000
ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืขื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
10:42
My mom was a single mom
256
642260
2000
ืื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืจื”-ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
10:44
who worked at the phone company during the day
257
644260
3000
ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื
10:47
and sold Tupperware at night
258
647260
2000
ื•ืžื›ืจื” ื˜ืืคืจื•ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช
10:49
so that I could have every opportunity possible.
259
649260
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
10:52
We shopped double coupons
260
652260
2000
ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงื•ืคื•ื ื™ื,
10:54
and layaway and consignment stores,
261
654260
2000
ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื™ื™-ืื•ื•ื™,
10:56
and when she got sick with stage four breast cancer
262
656260
3000
ื•ื›ืฉื—ืœืชื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“ ืžืชืงื“ื
10:59
and could no longer work,
263
659260
2000
ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
11:01
we even applied for food stamps.
264
661260
3000
ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
11:04
And when I would feel sorry for myself
265
664260
2000
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื—ืžืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™,
11:06
as nine or 10 year-old girls do,
266
666260
2000
ื›ื™ืื” ืœื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข-ืขืฉืจ,
11:08
she would say to me, "My dear, on a scale of major world tragedies,
267
668260
3000
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื™ "ื™ืงื™ืจืชื™, ื‘ืกืงืืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช,
11:11
yours is not a three."
268
671260
2000
ืฉืœืš ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ".
11:13
(Laughter)
269
673260
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:15
And when I was applying to business school
270
675260
2000
ื›ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื
11:17
and felt certain I couldn't do it
271
677260
2000
ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื™
11:19
and nobody I knew had done it,
272
679260
2000
ื•ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืžื›ืจื™ื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
11:21
I went to my aunt who survived years of beatings at the hand of her husband
273
681260
3000
ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ืชื™, ืฉืฉืจื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื”
11:24
and escaped a marriage of abuse
274
684260
2000
ื•ื‘ืจื—ื” ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช
11:26
with only her dignity intact.
275
686260
2000
ืขื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
11:28
And she told me,
276
688260
2000
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™:
11:30
"Never import other people's limitations."
277
690260
3000
"ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืืžืฆื™ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื."
11:34
And when I complained to my grandmother,
278
694260
2000
ื›ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืกื‘ืชื™,
11:36
a World War II veteran
279
696260
2000
ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
11:38
who worked in film for 50 years
280
698260
2000
ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”
11:40
and who supported me from the age of 13,
281
700260
2000
ื•ืฉืคืจื ืกื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ-ืขืฉืจื”,
11:42
that I was terrified
282
702260
2000
ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืขืชืช
11:44
that if I turned down a plum assignment at ABC
283
704260
2000
ืฉืื ืœื ืืงื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ ABC
11:46
for a fellowship overseas,
284
706260
2000
ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ,
11:48
I would never ever, ever find another job,
285
708260
3000
ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืฆื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช,
11:51
she said, "Kiddo, I'm going to tell you two things.
286
711260
2000
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ "ื™ืœื“ื•ื ืช, ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:53
First of all, no one turns down a Fulbright,
287
713260
3000
ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ - ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžืœื’ืช ืคื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜,
11:56
and secondly, McDonald's is always hiring."
288
716260
3000
ื•ืฉื ื™ืช - ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก".
11:59
(Laughter)
289
719260
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:01
"You will find a job. Take the leap."
290
721260
3000
"ืืช ืชืžืฆืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืชืงื—ื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ."
12:05
The women in my family
291
725260
2000
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
12:07
are not exceptions.
292
727260
2000
ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
12:09
The women in this room and watching in L.A.
293
729260
2000
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื”, ื•ืืœื” ืฉืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก
12:11
and all around the world
294
731260
2000
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:13
are not exceptions.
295
733260
2000
ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
12:15
We are not a special interest group.
296
735260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
12:18
We are the majority.
297
738260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื•ื‘.
12:20
And for far too long,
298
740260
2000
ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžื™ื“ื™,
12:22
we have underestimated ourselves
299
742260
2000
ื”ืžืขื˜ื ื• ื‘ืขืจื›ื ื•
12:24
and been undervalued by others.
300
744260
3000
ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืขืจื›ื ื•.
12:27
It is time for us to aim higher
301
747260
2000
ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:29
when it comes to women,
302
749260
2000
ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื,
12:31
to invest more and to deploy our dollars
303
751260
3000
ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื ืชื‘ ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•
12:34
to benefit women all around the world.
304
754260
3000
ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:37
We can make a difference,
305
757260
2000
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
12:39
and make a difference, not just for women,
306
759260
2000
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื ืจืง ืœื ืฉื™ื,
12:41
but for a global economy
307
761260
2000
ืืœื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
12:43
that desperately needs their contributions.
308
763260
4000
ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื” ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžื•ืช.
12:47
Together we can make certain
309
767260
2000
ื™ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ื•ื“ื
12:49
that the so-called exceptions
310
769260
2000
ืฉ"ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ"
12:51
begin to rule.
311
771260
2000
ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ.
12:53
When we change the way we see ourselves,
312
773260
3000
ื›ืฉื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
12:56
others will follow.
313
776260
2000
ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
12:58
And it is time for all of us
314
778260
2000
ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•
13:00
to think bigger.
315
780260
2000
ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
13:02
Thank you very much.
316
782260
2000
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
13:04
(Applause)
317
784260
5000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7