Gayle Tzemach Lemmon: Women entrepreneurs, example not exception

81,410 views ใƒป 2012-01-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Young-ho Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
We do not invest in victims,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:18
we invest in survivors.
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์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
And in ways both big and small,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
00:23
the narrative of the victim
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ
00:25
shapes the way we see women.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
You can't count what you don't see.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
00:30
And we don't invest in what's invisible to us.
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
But this is the face
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š”
00:35
of resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Six years ago,
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6๋…„์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ „ํ›„์—
00:40
I started writing about women entrepreneurs
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์—ฌ์ž์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:42
during and after conflict.
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๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
I set out to write a compelling economic story,
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์ €๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
00:46
one that had great characters, that no one else was telling,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋Š”
00:49
and one that I thought mattered.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:51
And that turned out to be women.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
I had left ABC news and a career I loved at the age of 30
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์ €๋Š” ์„คํ”์‚ด ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋˜ ABC ๋‰ด์Šค์™€
00:57
for business school,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
00:59
a path I knew almost nothing about.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šค์ฟจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:01
None of the women I had grown up with in Maryland
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์ €๋ž‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š”
01:04
had graduated from college,
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๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šค์ฟจ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
01:06
let alone considered business school.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:08
But they had hustled to feed their kids
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹๋“ค์„ ๋จน์ด๊ณ  ์ง‘์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:10
and pay their rent.
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:12
And I saw from a young age
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆด๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:14
that having a decent job and earning a good living
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์ข‹์€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:16
made the biggest difference
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:18
for families who were struggling.
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๋ฐฐ์› ์ง€์š”.
01:20
So if you're going to talk about jobs,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง์žฅ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
01:22
then you have to talk about entrepreneurs.
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
01:25
And if you're talking about entrepreneurs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์ค‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿํ›„์˜ .
01:27
in conflict and post-conflict settings,
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:29
then you must talk about women,
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์—ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
because they are the population you have left.
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:34
Rwanda in the immediate aftermath of the genocide
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จํ•™์‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์ „ ์งํ›„
01:38
was 77 percent female.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 77%๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
I want to introduce you
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋ช…์„
01:43
to some of those entrepreneurs I've met
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
01:45
and share with you some of what they've taught me over the years.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ผœ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
I went to Afghanistan in 2005
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์ €๋Š” 2005๋…„์— ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์…œ ํƒ€์ž„์Šค์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:51
to work on a Financial Times piece,
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:53
and there I met Kamila,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์นด๋ฐ€๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:55
a young women who told me she had just turned down
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 2์ฒœ๋ถˆ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
01:57
a job with the international community
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์›”๊ธ‰์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
01:59
that would have paid her nearly $2,000 a month --
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๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„ 
02:02
an astronomical sum in that context.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ง€์š”.
02:05
And she had turned it down, she said,
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์นด๋ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์˜
02:07
because she was going to start her next business,
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๋‚จ์ž ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:10
an entrepreneurship consultancy
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๋Š”
02:12
that would teach business skills
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์ปจ์„คํŒ… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:14
to men and women all around Afghanistan.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:16
Business, she said,
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์นด๋ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์˜ ์žฅ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:18
was critical to her country's future.
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์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
02:20
Because long after this round of internationals left,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚œ์ง€ ์˜ค๋žœ ๋’ค์—๋„
02:23
business would help keep her country
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์กฐ๊ตญ์„ ํ‰ํ™”์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
02:25
peaceful and secure.
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ํ•ด ์ค„๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:28
And she said business was even more important for women
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์กด๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
02:31
because earning an income earned respect
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ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š”
02:34
and money was power for women.
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์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:37
So I was amazed.
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์ €๋Š” ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž์–ด์š”.
02:39
I mean here was a girl who had never lived in peace time
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์นด๋ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์„ ์ „์Ÿ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ
02:42
who somehow had come to sound like a candidate from "The Apprentice."
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์–ดํ”„๋ Œํ‹ฐ์Šค TV ์‡ผ์˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
02:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (์–ดํ”„๋ Œํ‹ฐ์Šค ์‡ผ: NBC TV์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ)
02:47
So I asked her, "How in the world do you know this much about business?
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ 
02:50
Why are you so passionate?"
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ •์—ด์ ์ด๋ƒ?" ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
02:52
She said, "Oh Gayle, this is actually my third business.
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"๊ฒŒ์ผ์”จ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์ €์˜ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
02:56
My first business was a dressmaking business
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์ œ ์ฒซ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:58
I started under the Taliban.
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ํƒˆ๋ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ง‘๊ถŒํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:00
And that was actually an excellent business,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์›ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:02
because we provided jobs for women all around our neighborhood.
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์คฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:05
And that's really how I became an entrepreneur."
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:10
Think about this:
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”:
03:12
Here were girls who braved danger
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—
03:14
to become breadwinners
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—
03:16
during years in which they couldn't even be on their streets.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ถ€์–‘์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
03:19
And at a time of economic collapse
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํญ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
03:22
when people sold baby dolls and shoe laces
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๊ธฐ ์ธํ˜•, ๊ตฌ๋‘๋ˆ
03:24
and windows and doors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋œฏ์–ด์„œ
03:27
just to survive,
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ํŒ”๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:30
these girls made the difference
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
03:32
between survival and starvation
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ˆ์—
03:34
for so many.
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๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:36
I couldn't leave the story, and I couldn't leave the topic either,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:39
because everywhere I went I met more of these women
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์„
03:42
who no one seemed to know about,
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๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€
03:44
or even wish to.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:46
I went on to Bosnia,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ €๋Š” ๋ณด์Šค๋‹ˆ์•„๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
03:48
and early on in my interviews I met with an IMF official
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋˜
03:51
who said, "You know, Gayle,
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IMF ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด "์ €๋Š” ๋ณด์Šค๋‹ˆ์•„์—๋Š”
03:53
I don't think we actually have women in business in Bosnia,
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:55
but there is a lady selling cheese nearby
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๊ฒŒ์ผ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ธธ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
03:57
on the side of the road.
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์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š”
03:59
So maybe you could interview her."
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:02
So I went out reporting
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ 
04:04
and within a day I met Narcisa Kavazovic
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ์•ˆ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์˜ˆ๋ณด ์ „์Ÿ๋•Œ
04:07
who at that point was opening a new factory
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์ „ํˆฌ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋ง‰ ๊ฐœ์—…ํ•œ
04:09
on the war's former front lines in Sarajevo.
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๋‚˜์‹œ์นด ์นด๋ฐ”์กฐ๋น…์”จ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์ง€์š”.
04:12
She had started her business
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์†Œ์—
04:14
squatting in an abandoned garage,
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์—†์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ
04:16
sewing sheets and pillow cases
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์นจ๋Œ€๋ณด์™€ ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
04:18
she would take to markets all around the city
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๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํŒ”์•„
04:20
so that she could support
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12๋ช… ๋‚ด์ง€ 13๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
04:22
the 12 or 13 family members
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์‹๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆด
04:24
who were counting on her for survival.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:27
By the time we met, she had 20 employees,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 20๋ช…์˜
04:29
most of them women,
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์ง์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง์›์€
04:31
who were sending their boys and their girls to school.
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์ž์‹๋“ค์„ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:34
And she was just the start.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€
04:36
I met women running essential oils businesses,
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์—ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ
04:39
wineries
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์˜ค์ผ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž, ํฌ๋„์ฃผ ์–‘์กฐ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž
04:41
and even the country's largest advertising agency.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:44
So these stories together
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด
04:46
became the Herald Tribune business cover.
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ํ•ด๋Ÿด๋“œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ทด์ง€์˜ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ปค๋ฒ„ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋กœ
04:48
And when this story posted,
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๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ์„๋•Œ
04:50
I ran to my computer to send it to the IMF official.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ IMF ๊ฐ„๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ
04:52
And I said, "Just in case you're looking for entrepreneurs
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"ํ˜น์‹œ ๋‹ค์Œ๋ฒˆ IMF ํˆฌ์ž ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜
04:55
to feature at your next investment conference,
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์—ฌ์ž์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐธ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ"๋Š”
04:58
here are a couple of women."
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ง€์š”.
05:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:05
But think about this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:07
The IMF official is hardly the only person
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์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ณด๋‚˜๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ผ๊ณ 
05:10
to automatically file women under micro.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ IMF ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
05:13
The biases, whether intentional or otherwise,
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๊ณ ์˜์ ์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ
05:15
are pervasive,
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๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๋œ ์ธ์ƒ์ด
05:17
and so are the misleading mental images.
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๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€์š”.
05:20
If you see the word "microfinance,"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ด๋„Œ์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
05:22
what comes to mind?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”?
05:25
Most people say women.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
05:27
And if you see the word "entrepreneur,"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ "๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€"๋ผ๋Š”๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
05:30
most people think men.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€์š”.
05:32
Why is that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
05:34
Because we aim low and we think small
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ผ๋‹จ "์—ฌ์ž"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด
05:37
when it comes to women.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:39
Microfinance is an incredibly powerful tool
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ์ด๋„Œ์Šค๋Š” ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ๊ณผ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ์„
05:41
that leads to self-sufficiency and self-respect,
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๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:44
but we must move beyond micro-hopes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ์•ผ๋ง์ด ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ
05:46
and micro-ambitions for women,
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์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
because they have so much greater hopes for themselves.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
They want to move from micro to medium and beyond.
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋””์—„์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:54
And in many places,
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๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
05:56
they're there.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:58
In the U.S., women-owned businesses
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€
06:00
will create five and a half million new jobs by 2018.
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2018๋…„ ๊นŒ์ง€ 50๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
In South Korea and Indonesia,
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ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
06:06
women own nearly half a million firms.
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์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 50๋งŒ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
06:09
China, women run 20 percent
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜
06:11
of all small businesses.
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20%๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:13
And in the developing world overall,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:15
That figure is 40 to 50 percent.
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ 40๋‚ด์ง€ 50%์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Nearly everywhere I go,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€
06:20
I meet incredibly interesting entrepreneurs
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์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋ณธ, ์‹œ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ
06:22
who are seeking access to finance, access to markets
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”
06:25
and established business networks.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
They are often ignored
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฌด์‹œ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:29
because they're harder to help.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
It is much riskier to give a 50,000 dollar loan
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5๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œต์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 500 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œต์ž๋ฅผ
06:34
than it is to give a 500 dollar loan.
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์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
06:37
And as the World Bank recently noted,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€
06:39
women are stuck in a productivity trap.
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์ €์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์˜ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Those in small businesses
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์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋“ค์€
06:44
can't get the capital they need to expand
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์‚ฌ์—…ํ™•์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
06:46
and those in microbusiness
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋“ค์€
06:48
can't grow out of them.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ํž˜์ด ์—†์ง€์š”.
06:50
Recently I was at the State Department in Washington
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์›Œ์‹ฑํ†ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€์—์„œ
06:53
and I met an incredibly passionate entrepreneur from Ghana.
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์ง€์š”.
06:56
She sells chocolates.
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๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์˜€์ง€์š”.
06:58
And she had come to Washington,
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๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์›์กฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ก ์„
07:00
not seeking a handout and not seeking a microloan.
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๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์›Œ์‹ฑํ†ค์— ์˜จ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
07:03
She had come seeking serious investment dollars
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์„œ
07:06
so that she could build the factory
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๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
07:08
and buy the equipment she needs
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
07:10
to export her chocolates
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ,
07:12
to Africa, Europe, the Middle East
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์ค‘๋™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ๋„
07:14
and far beyond --
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์ˆ˜์ถœํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:16
capital that would help her to employ
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ณธ์€ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:18
more than the 20 people
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 20๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜
07:20
that she already has working for her,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
07:23
and capital that would fuel her own country's
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋„
07:25
economic climb.
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๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
07:27
The great news is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:29
we already know what works.
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์•„๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฐธ ๋‹คํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Theory and empirical evidence
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์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ
07:33
Have already taught us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:35
We don't need to invent solutions because we have them --
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š” --
07:38
cash flow loans
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์ฆ‰, ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:40
based in income rather than assets,
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์ˆ˜์ต์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:42
loans that use secure contracts rather than collateral,
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๋‹ด๋ณด ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:45
because women often don't own land.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋•…์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:48
And Kiva.org, the microlender,
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์†Œ์•ก๋Œ€์ถœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ Kiva.org๋Š”
07:50
is actually now experimenting with crowdsourcing
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑํ•˜๋Š”
07:53
small and medium sized loans.
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
And that's just to start.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Recently it has become very much in fashion
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๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ์™€์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ
08:01
to call women "the emerging market of the emerging market."
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์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:05
I think that is terrific.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
You know why?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
08:09
Because -- and I say this as somebody who worked in finance --
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:13
500 billion dollars at least
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์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ๋ฐ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
08:16
has gone into the emerging markets in the past decade.
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5000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํˆฌ์ž ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:19
Because investors saw the potential for return
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์นจ์ฒด๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ
08:22
at a time of slowing economic growth,
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ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ์ž์ˆ˜์ต์˜
08:24
and so they created financial products
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—
08:26
and financial innovation
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๋งž์ถ˜ ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ
08:28
tailored to the emerging markets.
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๊ธˆ์œตํ˜์‹ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:31
How wonderful would it be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ง๋งŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:34
if we were prepared to replace all of our lofty words
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 5000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์—
08:36
with our wallets
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ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
08:38
and invest 500 billion dollars
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์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:40
unleashing women's economic potential?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:43
Just think of the benefits
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:45
when it comes to jobs, productivity,
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์ฐฝ์—…ํ˜œํƒ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœ,
08:47
employment, child nutrition,
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์•„๋™์˜์–‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ,
08:49
maternal mortality, literacy
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์‹์ž์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์˜
08:51
and much, much more.
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ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:55
Because, as the World Economic Forum noted,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œํฌ๋Ÿผ(WEF)๋Š” ์„ฑ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š”
08:58
smaller gender gaps are directly correlated
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:01
with increased economic competitiveness.
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๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:03
And not one country in all the world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์˜
09:06
has eliminated its economic participation gap --
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๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์ง€์š” --
09:09
not one.
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๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:11
So the great news
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
09:13
is this is an incredible opportunity.
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์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋‰ด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
We have so much room to grow.
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๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ถํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
So you see,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„
09:20
this is not about doing good,
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ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:22
this is about global growth
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜
09:24
and global employment.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
It is about how we invest
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:28
and it's about how we see women.
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์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And women can no longer be
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
09:32
both half the population
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ํŠน์ˆ˜์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:34
and a special interest group.
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์–ด๋ถˆ์„ฑ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:43
Oftentimes I get into very interesting discussions with reporters
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ• ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
09:46
who say to me, "Gayle, these are great stories,
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์ข…์ข… ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ "๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฐธ ์ข‹์€ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒŒ์ผ์”จ๋Š”
09:48
but you're really writing about the exceptions."
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
09:51
Now that makes me pause for just a couple reasons.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ง๋ฌธ์ด ์ž ์‹œ ๋ง‰ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
First of all, for exceptions,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ๊ณ ,
09:56
there are a lot of them
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:58
and they're important.
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ข€ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:01
Secondly, when we talk about men who are succeeding,
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋‚จ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ• ๋•Œ
10:04
we rightly consider them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด์ฝ˜, ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž,
10:06
icons or pioneers or innovators
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ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ
10:08
to be emulated.
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๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
10:10
And when we talk about women,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
10:12
they are either exceptions to be dismissed
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ถ•ํ•˜๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
10:15
or aberrations to be ignored.
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์ด์ƒํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ฃ .
10:18
And finally,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
10:20
there is no society anywhere in all the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋˜์ง€
10:23
that is not changed
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์˜ํ•ด
10:25
except by its most exceptional.
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๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์ด ์—†์ง€์š”.
10:27
So why wouldn't we celebrate and elevate
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
10:31
these change makers and job creators
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:33
rather than overlook them?
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๋– ๋ฐ›๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ๋ง์ • ๋ฌด์‹œํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:36
This topic of resilience is very personal to me
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ† ํ”ฝ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:39
and in many ways has shaped my life.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์™”์ง€์š”.
10:42
My mom was a single mom
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์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ธ€๋ง˜์ด์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:44
who worked at the phone company during the day
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
10:47
and sold Tupperware at night
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๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
10:49
so that I could have every opportunity possible.
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๋ฐค์—๋Š” ํ„ฐํผ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์ง€์š”.
10:52
We shopped double coupons
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ• ๋ถ€, ๋”๋ธ”์ฟ ํฐ ๋˜๋Š”
10:54
and layaway and consignment stores,
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์ค‘๊ณ ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:56
and when she got sick with stage four breast cancer
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ 4๊ธฐ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์œผ๋กœ
10:59
and could no longer work,
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ผ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์„๋•Œ๋Š”
11:01
we even applied for food stamps.
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์Œ์‹์ฟ ํฐ๋„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:04
And when I would feel sorry for myself
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 9์‚ด 10์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๋์„๋•Œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๋“ค์ด
11:06
as nine or 10 year-old girls do,
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์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚์ญ‰ํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š”
11:08
she would say to me, "My dear, on a scale of major world tragedies,
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"์–˜์•ผ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„Œ ์–‘๋ฐ˜์ด์•ผ"
11:11
yours is not a three."
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:15
And when I was applying to business school
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šค์ฟจ์— ์›์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์„๋•Œ
11:17
and felt certain I couldn't do it
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ•œ๋ช…๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ณ 
11:19
and nobody I knew had done it,
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ ์ฝ”์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:21
I went to my aunt who survived years of beatings at the hand of her husband
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋‚จํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค๋งŒ ๋งž์•„์˜ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€
11:24
and escaped a marriage of abuse
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํ™œ์—
11:26
with only her dignity intact.
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์ข…์ง€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐ์€ ์ œ ์ด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”๋”๋‹ˆ
11:28
And she told me,
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์ด๋ชจ๋Š” "๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜
11:30
"Never import other people's limitations."
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์„ ๋ณธ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์คฌ์ง€์š”.
11:34
And when I complained to my grandmother,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „ ์ฐธ์ „์šฉ์‚ฌ์˜€๊ณ 
11:36
a World War II veteran
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์˜ํ™”์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ 50๋…„์„ ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:38
who worked in film for 50 years
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 13์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:40
and who supported me from the age of 13,
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ
11:42
that I was terrified
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆํ•œํ…Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ABC .ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ
11:44
that if I turned down a plum assignment at ABC
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ 
11:46
for a fellowship overseas,
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ํŽ ๋กœ์šฐ์‰ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
11:48
I would never ever, ever find another job,
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ์„ ๋ชป๊ตฌํ•  ๊บผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
11:51
she said, "Kiddo, I'm going to tell you two things.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” "ํ‚ค๋„์•ผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด ์ค„๊ป˜
11:53
First of all, no one turns down a Fulbright,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ง์›์ด ์‹ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—†๊ณ 
11:56
and secondly, McDonald's is always hiring."
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
11:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:01
"You will find a job. Take the leap."
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"์ง์žฅ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋ง๊ณ  ํ•œํƒ•ํ•ด๋ด"
12:05
The women in my family
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์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€
12:07
are not exceptions.
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:09
The women in this room and watching in L.A.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
12:11
and all around the world
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LA๋‚˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”
12:13
are not exceptions.
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์—ฌ์ž๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
We are not a special interest group.
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์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜์ง€์›๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
We are the majority.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
And for far too long,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
12:22
we have underestimated ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:24
and been undervalued by others.
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๋‚จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”์ง€์š”.
12:27
It is time for us to aim higher
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:29
when it comes to women,
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:31
to invest more and to deploy our dollars
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ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋” ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:34
to benefit women all around the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
We can make a difference,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
and make a difference, not just for women,
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋„
12:41
but for a global economy
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ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:43
that desperately needs their contributions.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Together we can make certain
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์œ„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
12:49
that the so-called exceptions
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋“ค์„ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ
12:51
begin to rule.
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์ผ€์ด์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
When we change the way we see ourselves,
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
12:56
others will follow.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋’ท๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
And it is time for all of us
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
13:00
to think bigger.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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