Alex Steffen: The shareable future of cities

61,938 views ใƒป 2011-08-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Climate change is already a heavy topic,
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ื“,
00:17
and it's getting heavier
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:19
because we're understanding
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
00:21
that we need to do more than we are.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
00:23
We're understanding, in fact,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
00:25
that those of us who live in the developed world
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ืฉืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—
00:27
need to be really pushing towards eliminating our emissions.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:30
That's, to put it mildly, not what's on the table now.
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ื–ื”, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื”, ืœื ืžื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:33
And it tends to feel a little overwhelming
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืžื”ืžื
00:35
when we look at what is there in reality today
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ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
00:38
and the magnitude of the problem that we face.
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ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
00:41
And when we have overwhelming problems in front of us,
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•,
00:44
we tend to seek simple answers.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช.
00:47
And I think this is what we've done with climate change.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™.
00:50
We look at where the emissions are coming from --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช --
00:52
they're coming out of our tailpipes and smokestacks and so forth,
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ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืื’ื–ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”,
00:55
and we say, okay, well the problem is
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื
00:57
that they're coming out of fossil fuels that we're burning,
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื,
00:59
so therefore, the answer must be
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ืื– ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
01:02
to replace those fossil fuels with clean sources of energy.
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืขื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:05
And while, of course, we do need clean energy,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”,
01:08
I would put to you that it's possible
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
01:10
that by looking at climate change
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ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™
01:12
as a clean energy generation problem,
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ื›ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”,
01:14
we're in fact setting ourselves up
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
01:16
not to solve it.
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ืœื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
01:18
And the reason why
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื”
01:20
is that we live on a planet
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช
01:22
that is rapidly urbanizing.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
01:24
That shouldn't be news to any of us.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
01:26
However, it's hard sometimes
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ืื‘ืœ, ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื
01:28
to remember the extent of that urbanization.
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ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ื•ืจ.
01:31
By mid-century,
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ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื”,
01:33
we're going to have about eight billion -- perhaps more -- people
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ -- ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ -- ืื ืฉื™ื
01:36
living in cities or within a day's travel of one.
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ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืื—ืช.
01:39
We will be an overwhelmingly urban species.
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ื ื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
01:42
In order to provide
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง
01:44
the kind of energy that it would take
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ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืชื™ื“ืจืฉ
01:46
for eight billion people living in cities
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ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื
01:48
that are even somewhat like the cities
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ืฉื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืœืขืจื™ื
01:50
that those of us in the global North live in today,
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ืฉืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:52
we would have to generate
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
01:54
an absolutely astonishing amount of energy.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:56
It may be possible
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
01:58
that we are not even able
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื”ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
02:00
to build that much clean energy.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ื–ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
02:03
So if we're seriously talking about tackling climate change
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
02:06
on an urbanizing planet,
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ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืžืชืขื™ื™ืจ,
02:08
we need to look somewhere else for the solution.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
02:11
The solution, in fact, may be closer to hand than we think,
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ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
02:14
because all of those cities we're building
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
02:16
are opportunities.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:18
Every city determines to a very large extent
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ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
02:21
the amount of energy used by its inhabitants.
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ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”.
02:24
We tend to think of energy use as a behavioral thing --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ --
02:27
I choose to turn this light switch on --
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” --
02:29
but really, enormous amounts of our energy use
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช, ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
02:32
are predestined
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ืžื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ
02:34
by the kinds of communities and cities that we live in.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ื’ืจื™ื.
02:37
I won't show you very many graphs today,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื’ืจืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:39
but if I can just focus on this one for a moment,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืจืง ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืจื’ืข,
02:42
it really tells us a lot of what we need to know --
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช --
02:44
which is, quite simply,
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ืฉื–ื”, ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช,
02:46
that if you look, for example, at transportation,
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ืฉืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
02:48
a major category of climate emissions,
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ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืืงืœื™ืžื™ืช,
02:50
there is a direct relationship
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืก ื™ืฉืจ
02:52
between how dense a city is
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
02:54
and the amount of climate emissions
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ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ื
02:56
that its residents spew out into the air.
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ืฉื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืœืื•ื™ืจ.
02:59
And the correlation, of course,
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ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
03:01
is that denser places tend to have lower emissions --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ื” --
03:04
which isn't really all that difficult to figure out, if you think about it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
03:07
Basically,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ,
03:09
we substitute, in our lives,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
03:12
access to the things we want.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
03:14
We go out there and we hop in our cars
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:16
and we drive from place to place.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื.
03:18
And we're basically using mobility to get the access we need.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
03:21
But when we live in a denser community,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืคื•ืคื”,
03:23
suddenly what we find, of course,
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ืคืชืื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
03:25
is that the things we need are close by.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
03:27
And since the most sustainable trip
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:29
is the one that you never had to make in the first place,
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
03:32
suddenly our lives become instantly more sustainable.
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ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
03:35
And it is possible, of course,
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
03:37
to increase the density of the communities around us.
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ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
03:40
Some places are doing this with new eco districts,
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ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื,
03:42
developing whole new sustainable neighborhoods,
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ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
03:44
which is nice work if you can get it,
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ืฉื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื”.
03:46
but most of the time, what we're talking about is, in fact,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ
03:49
reweaving the urban fabric that we already have.
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ืืจื™ื’ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืจื’ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื.
03:51
So we're talking about things like infill development:
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื™ืœื•ื™:
03:54
really sharp little changes
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
03:56
to where we have buildings, where we're developing.
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ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื.
03:58
Urban retrofitting:
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ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช:
04:00
creating different sorts of spaces and uses
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื
04:02
out of places that are already there.
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ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
04:04
Increasingly, we're realizing
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
04:06
that we don't even need to densify an entire city.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
04:09
What we need instead is an average density
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช
04:12
that rises to a level
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ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืœืจืžื”
04:14
where we don't drive as much and so on.
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ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•'.
04:16
And that can be done
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
04:18
by raising the density in very specific spots a whole lot.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:21
So you can think of it as tent poles
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืื•ื”ืœ
04:24
that actually raise the density of the entire city.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
04:27
And we find that when we do that,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
04:29
we can, in fact, have a few places that are really hyper-dense
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื
04:31
within a wider fabric of places
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืืจื’ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
04:33
that are perhaps a little more comfortable
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื—ื™ื
04:35
and achieve the same results.
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ื•ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
04:37
Now we may find that there are places that are really, really dense
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื
04:40
and still hold onto their cars,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
04:42
but the reality is that, by and large,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช,
04:45
what we see when we get a lot of people together with the right conditions
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื
04:48
is a threshold effect,
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ื–ื” ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืกืฃ,
04:50
where people simply stop driving as much,
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ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”,
04:52
and increasingly, more and more people,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:54
if they're surrounded by places that make them feel at home,
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ืื ื”ื ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
04:56
give up their cars altogether.
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ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
04:58
And this is a huge, huge energy savings,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ืง, ืขื ืง ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
05:01
because what comes out of our tailpipe
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื•
05:03
is really just the beginning of the story
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
05:05
with climate emissions from cars.
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ืขื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ื ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:07
We have the manufacture of the car, the disposal of the car,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืืช ื”ื’ืจื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
05:09
all of the parking and freeways and so on.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.
05:12
When you can get rid of all of those
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ื›ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืืœื”
05:14
because somebody doesn't use any of them really,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช,
05:16
you find that you can actually cut transportation emissions
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ืืชื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
05:18
as much as 90 percent.
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ื‘ืขื“ 90 ืื—ื•ื–.
05:20
And people are embracing this.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:22
All around the world, we're seeing more and more people embrace this walkshed life.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื”ืืœื”.
05:25
People are saying that it's moving from the idea of the dream home
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™
05:28
to the dream neighborhood.
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ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช.
05:30
And when you layer that over
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
05:32
with the kind of ubiquitous communications that we're starting to see,
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ืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
05:35
what you find is, in fact,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื–ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
05:37
even more access suffused into spaces.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืคืจืฉืช ืœื—ืœืœื™ื.
05:40
Some of it's transportation access.
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ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
05:42
This is a Mapnificent map that shows me, in this case,
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ื–ื• ืžืคื” ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืžืจืื” ืœื™, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
05:45
how far I can get from my home in 30 minutes
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ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ื™ืชื™ ื‘30 ื“ืงื•ืช
05:47
using public transportation.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
05:49
Some of it is about walking. It's not all perfect yet.
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ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:51
This is Google Walking Maps.
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ื–ื• ืžืคืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ.
05:53
I asked how to do the greater Ridgeway,
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ื“ื’'ื•ื•ื™,
05:55
and it told me to go via Guernsey.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื“ืจืš ื’ืจื ืกื™.
05:57
It did tell me that this route
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ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•
05:59
maybe missing sidewalks or pedestrian paths, though.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:03
But the technologies are getting better,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืคืจื•ืช,
06:05
and we're starting to really kind of crowdsource this navigation.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื”ืืœื”.
06:07
And as we just heard earlier,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:09
of course, we're also learning how to put information on dumb objects.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื.
06:12
Things that don't have any wiring in them at all,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
06:14
we're learning how to include
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ืœื™ืœ
06:16
in these systems of notation and navigation.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ื•ื’ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜.
06:19
Part of what we're finding with this
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ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื–ื”
06:21
is that what we thought
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ื–ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
06:23
was the major point
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช
06:25
of manufacturing and consumption,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื”,
06:28
which is to get a bunch of stuff,
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ืฉื–ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
06:30
is not, in fact,
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ื–ื” ืœื, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
06:32
how we really live best in dense environments.
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ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืคื•ืช.
06:34
What we're finding is that what we want
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
06:36
is access to the capacities of things.
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ื–ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:38
My favorite example is a drill. Who here owns a drill, a home power drill?
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื“ื—ื”. ืœืžื™ ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืžืงื“ื—ื”, ืžืงื“ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช?
06:41
Okay. I do too.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื’ื ืœื™.
06:43
The average home power drill is used somewhere between six and 20 minutes
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ื”ืžืงื“ื—ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืœ20 ื“ืงื•ืช
06:45
in its entire lifetime,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”
06:47
depending on who you ask.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ืืช ืžื™ ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื.
06:49
And so what we do is we buy these drills
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:52
that have a potential capacity of thousands of hours of drill time,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
06:55
use them once or twice to put a hole in the wall and let them sit.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืขื ืื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ื— ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช.
06:58
Our cities, I would put to you,
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื,
07:00
are stockpiles of these surplus capacities.
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ื”ืŸ ืขืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆืœื•ืช.
07:03
And while we could try and figure out
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื
07:05
new ways to use those capacities --
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” --
07:07
such as cooking or making ice sculptures
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจื—
07:09
or even a mafia hit --
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื” --
07:11
what we probably will find
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ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ื ืจืื”
07:13
is that, in fact, turning those products into services
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ื–ื”, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืฉืจื•ืชื™ื
07:15
that we have access to when we want them,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
07:17
is a far smarter way to go.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
07:20
And in fact, even space itself is turning into a service.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉืจื•ืช.
07:23
We're finding that people can share the same spaces,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช,
07:25
do stuff with vacant space.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื.
07:28
Buildings are becoming bundles of services.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื.
07:30
So we have new designs
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
07:32
that are helping us take mechanical things that we used to spend energy on --
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” --
07:35
like heating, cooling etc. --
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ืžื•ื, ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•' --
07:37
and turn them into things that we avoid spending energy on.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
07:40
So we light our buildings with daylight.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื.
07:42
We cool them with breezes. We heat them with sunshine.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื–ื”. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
07:45
In fact, when we use all these things,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:47
what we've found is that, in some cases,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื,
07:49
energy use in a building can drop as much as 90 percent.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืขื“ 90 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:51
Which brings on another threshold effect
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ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื•ื“ ืืคืงื˜ ืกืฃ
07:53
I like to call furnace dumping,
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ืœื• ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื›ื™ื‘ืฉื ื™ื.
07:55
which is, quite simply,
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ืฉื–ื”, ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช,
07:57
if you have a building that doesn't need to be heated with a furnace,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืขื ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ,
07:59
you save a whole bunch of money up front.
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืžื™ื™ื“.
08:01
These things actually become cheaper to build
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื”
08:03
than the alternatives.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช.
08:05
Now when we look at being able
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
08:08
to slash our product use, slash our transportation use,
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ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
08:11
slash our building energy use,
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ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
08:13
all of that is great, but it still leaves something behind.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
08:16
And if we're going to really, truly become sustainable cities,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื,
08:18
we need to think a little differently.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช.
08:20
This is one way to do it.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
08:22
This is Vancouver's propaganda about how green a city they are.
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ื–ื” ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
08:24
And certainly lots of people have taken to heart
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ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื
08:26
this idea that a sustainable city is covered in greenery.
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื”.
08:29
So we have visions like this.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
08:31
We have visions like this. We have visions like this.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
08:34
Now all of these are fine projects,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:36
but they really have missed an essential point,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืคื™ืกืคืกื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
08:39
which is it's not about the leaves above,
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ืฉืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขืœื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืœื”,
08:41
it's about the systems below.
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ืืœื ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื˜ื”.
08:43
Do they, for instance, capture rainwater
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ื”ืื ื”ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื
08:45
so that we can reduce water use?
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื?
08:47
Water is energy intensive.
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ืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
08:50
Do they, perhaps, include green infrastructure,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช,
08:52
so that we can take runoff
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžื™ื
08:54
and water that's going out of our houses
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ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื
08:56
and clean it and filter it
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ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืกื ืŸ ืื•ืชื
08:58
and grow urban street trees?
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ื•ืœื’ื“ืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื?
09:00
Do they connect us back to the ecosystems around us
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ื”ืื ื”ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
09:03
by, for example, connecting us to rivers
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ื”ืจื•ืช
09:05
and allowing for restoration?
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ?
09:07
Do they allow for pollination,
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ื”ืื ื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืื™ื‘ื•ืง,
09:09
pollinator pathways
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืื‘ืงื™ื
09:11
that bees and butterflies and such can come back into our cities?
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ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืจื™ื ื•?
09:14
Do they even take the very waste matter
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ื”ืื ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช
09:16
that we have from food and fiber and so forth,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“,
09:19
and turn it back into soil
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื“ืžื”
09:21
and sequester carbon --
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ื•ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ืคื—ืžืŸ --
09:23
take carbon out of the air
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ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืคื—ืžืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื™ืจ
09:25
in the process of using our cities?
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
09:27
I would submit to you that all of these things are not only possible,
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื,
09:30
they're being done right now,
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ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:32
and that it's a darn good thing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:34
Because right now, our economy by and large
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช
09:37
operates as Paul Hawken said,
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ืคื•ืขืœืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ืงืŸ ืืžืจ,
09:39
"by stealing the future, selling it in the present
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"ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืžื›ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”
09:41
and calling it GDP."
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ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™."
09:43
And if we have another eight billion
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ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
09:45
or seven billion,
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ืื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
09:47
or six billion, even, people,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
09:49
living on a planet where their cities also steal the future,
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ืฉื™ื—ื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื• ืขืจื™ื”ื ื’ื•ื ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
09:52
we're going to run out of future really fast.
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ื™ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ.
09:54
But if we think differently,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช,
09:56
I think that, in fact, we can have cities
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืขืจื™ื
09:58
that are not only zero emissions,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื”,
10:00
but have unlimited possibilities as well.
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ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
10:02
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
10:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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