Alex Steffen: The shareable future of cities

61,681 views ใƒป 2011-08-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Tae Han Yoon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Bianca Lee
00:15
Climate change is already a heavy topic,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํฐ ํ™”์ ฏ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:17
and it's getting heavier
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:19
because we're understanding
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€
00:21
that we need to do more than we are.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:23
We're understanding, in fact,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
00:25
that those of us who live in the developed world
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๋งค์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์•ž์„œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
00:27
need to be really pushing towards eliminating our emissions.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
That's, to put it mildly, not what's on the table now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
00:33
And it tends to feel a little overwhelming
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ
00:35
when we look at what is there in reality today
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์‚ฌํƒœ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:38
and the magnitude of the problem that we face.
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๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด ์˜์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
And when we have overwhelming problems in front of us,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
00:44
we tend to seek simple answers.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐˆ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And I think this is what we've done with climate change.
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์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
We look at where the emissions are coming from --
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์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
00:52
they're coming out of our tailpipes and smokestacks and so forth,
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๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตด๋š ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€์š”,
00:55
and we say, okay, well the problem is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š”, "์Œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
00:57
that they're coming out of fossil fuels that we're burning,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋งค์—ฐ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ตฐ.
00:59
so therefore, the answer must be
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
01:02
to replace those fossil fuels with clean sources of energy.
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๋”์šฑ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ด๋‹ค!" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€์š”.
01:05
And while, of course, we do need clean energy,
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๋ญ, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
I would put to you that it's possible
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ
01:10
that by looking at climate change
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
01:12
as a clean energy generation problem,
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:14
we're in fact setting ourselves up
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
01:16
not to solve it.
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๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And the reason why
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:20
is that we live on a planet
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋„์‹œํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:22
that is rapidly urbanizing.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:24
That shouldn't be news to any of us.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ณ„ ์†Œ์‹๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
However, it's hard sometimes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‹œํ™”์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
01:28
to remember the extent of that urbanization.
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์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
By mid-century,
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—๋Š”
01:33
we're going to have about eight billion -- perhaps more -- people
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
01:36
living in cities or within a day's travel of one.
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80์–ต์ด ๋„˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
We will be an overwhelmingly urban species.
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์ €ํฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
In order to provide
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:44
the kind of energy that it would take
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„์˜
01:46
for eight billion people living in cities
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๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” 80์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ• 
01:48
that are even somewhat like the cities
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:50
that those of us in the global North live in today,
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธด ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
01:52
we would have to generate
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ
01:54
an absolutely astonishing amount of energy.
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
It may be possible
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•œ ์–‘์˜
01:58
that we are not even able
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:00
to build that much clean energy.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So if we're seriously talking about tackling climate change
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋„์‹œํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜
02:06
on an urbanizing planet,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
02:08
we need to look somewhere else for the solution.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
The solution, in fact, may be closer to hand than we think,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
because all of those cities we're building
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
02:16
are opportunities.
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๊ธฐํšŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:18
Every city determines to a very large extent
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„
02:21
the amount of energy used by its inhabitants.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
We tend to think of energy use as a behavioral thing --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
02:27
I choose to turn this light switch on --
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ „๊ตฌ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค --
02:29
but really, enormous amounts of our energy use
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
02:32
are predestined
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:34
by the kinds of communities and cities that we live in.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
I won't show you very many graphs today,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:39
but if I can just focus on this one for a moment,
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
02:42
it really tells us a lot of what we need to know --
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
02:44
which is, quite simply,
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
02:46
that if you look, for example, at transportation,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ํฐ ์˜ˆ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
02:48
a major category of climate emissions,
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๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
02:50
there is a direct relationship
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„์™€
02:52
between how dense a city is
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ๋งค์—ฐ์˜ ์–‘ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
02:54
and the amount of climate emissions
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๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:56
that its residents spew out into the air.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And the correlation, of course,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ€์ง‘ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋ก
03:01
is that denser places tend to have lower emissions --
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๋งค์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
03:04
which isn't really all that difficult to figure out, if you think about it.
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์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋‹ฅ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:07
Basically,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ,
03:09
we substitute, in our lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
03:12
access to the things we want.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
We go out there and we hop in our cars
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:16
and we drive from place to place.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ ์ €๊ณณ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:18
And we're basically using mobility to get the access we need.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
But when we live in a denser community,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:23
suddenly what we find, of course,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
03:25
is that the things we need are close by.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And since the most sustainable trip
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
03:29
is the one that you never had to make in the first place,
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์• ์ดˆ์— ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ• ๋•Œ,
03:32
suddenly our lives become instantly more sustainable.
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
And it is possible, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„,
03:37
to increase the density of the communities around us.
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์ €ํฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Some places are doing this with new eco districts,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ
03:42
developing whole new sustainable neighborhoods,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
which is nice work if you can get it,
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์„ฑ๊ณต๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž„์ด ํ‹€๋ฆผ ์—†์ง€์š”.
03:46
but most of the time, what we're talking about is, in fact,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:49
reweaving the urban fabric that we already have.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
So we're talking about things like infill development:
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋˜, ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ค‘์ธ ๊ณณ์ด๋˜
03:54
really sharp little changes
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€๋“ํžˆ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:56
to where we have buildings, where we're developing.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
Urban retrofitting:
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๋„์‹œ ์žฌ์ •๋น„:
04:00
creating different sorts of spaces and uses
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
04:02
out of places that are already there.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:04
Increasingly, we're realizing
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
04:06
that we don't even need to densify an entire city.
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๊ตณ์ด ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
What we need instead is an average density
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:12
that rises to a level
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „์„
04:14
where we don't drive as much and so on.
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
And that can be done
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์ด ์ •๋„๋Š”
04:18
by raising the density in very specific spots a whole lot.
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ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:21
So you can think of it as tent poles
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
04:24
that actually raise the density of the entire city.
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๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And we find that when we do that,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:29
we can, in fact, have a few places that are really hyper-dense
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๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
04:31
within a wider fabric of places
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์‚ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ 
04:33
that are perhaps a little more comfortable
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:35
and achieve the same results.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Now we may find that there are places that are really, really dense
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์€, ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:40
and still hold onto their cars,
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
but the reality is that, by and large,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
04:45
what we see when we get a lot of people together with the right conditions
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋งŒ ๋งž์•„ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธํ„ฑํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
04:48
is a threshold effect,
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
where people simply stop driving as much,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šด์ „์„ ์ž์ œํ•˜๋ฉด
04:52
and increasingly, more and more people,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
04:54
if they're surrounded by places that make them feel at home,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉด
04:56
give up their cars altogether.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:58
And this is a huge, huge energy savings,
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์ด๊ฑด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
because what comes out of our tailpipe
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
is really just the beginning of the story
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋งค์—ฐ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
with climate emissions from cars.
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๋ณธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์ง€์š”.
05:07
We have the manufacture of the car, the disposal of the car,
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘, ํ์ฐจ ์ž‘์—…,
05:09
all of the parking and freeways and so on.
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์ฃผ์ฐจ, ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:12
When you can get rid of all of those
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
05:14
because somebody doesn't use any of them really,
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์ „๋ถ€ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:16
you find that you can actually cut transportation emissions
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๊ตํ†ต ๋งค์—ฐ์„ ๋ฌด๋ ค 90%๋‚˜
05:18
as much as 90 percent.
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๋‚ฎ์ถœ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And people are embracing this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ์จ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:22
All around the world, we're seeing more and more people embrace this walkshed life.
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๋‚ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ ์  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
People are saying that it's moving from the idea of the dream home
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ฟˆ์˜ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
05:28
to the dream neighborhood.
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๊ฟˆ์˜ ์ด์›ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
And when you layer that over
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒƒ์„
05:32
with the kind of ubiquitous communications that we're starting to see,
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๊ณง ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค ํ†ต์‹  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:35
what you find is, in fact,
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์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„
05:37
even more access suffused into spaces.
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๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Some of it's transportation access.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต ์ ‘๊ทผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
This is a Mapnificent map that shows me, in this case,
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์œผ๋กœ
05:45
how far I can get from my home in 30 minutes
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30๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„
05:47
using public transportation.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” Mapnificent ์ง€๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Some of it is about walking. It's not all perfect yet.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:51
This is Google Walking Maps.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ Google Walking Maps ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
I asked how to do the greater Ridgeway,
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๋ผ์ž„ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šค์—์„œ ํ—Œ์Šคํƒ„ํ†ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
05:55
and it told me to go via Guernsey.
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๊ฑด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
05:57
It did tell me that this route
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์—
05:59
maybe missing sidewalks or pedestrian paths, though.
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์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๊ฒจ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:03
But the technologies are getting better,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
and we're starting to really kind of crowdsource this navigation.
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๋•ํƒ์— ์ด ํ•ญํ•ด๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์†Œ์‹ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:07
And as we just heard earlier,
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด,
06:09
of course, we're also learning how to put information on dumb objects.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์—
06:12
Things that don't have any wiring in them at all,
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๊ธฐํ˜ธ์™€ ํ•ญํ•ด์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
06:14
we're learning how to include
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
06:16
in these systems of notation and navigation.
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์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Part of what we're finding with this
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
06:21
is that what we thought
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€
06:23
was the major point
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š” ์š”์†Œ๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋˜
06:25
of manufacturing and consumption,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด
06:28
which is to get a bunch of stuff,
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์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
06:30
is not, in fact,
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
06:32
how we really live best in dense environments.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:34
What we're finding is that what we want
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:36
is access to the capacities of things.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
My favorite example is a drill. Who here owns a drill, a home power drill?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ง€์š”. ์ง‘์— ๋“œ๋ฆด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:41
Okay. I do too.
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์ €๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
The average home power drill is used somewhere between six and 20 minutes
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋“œ๋ฆด์€ ํ‰์ƒ 6~20๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์—
06:45
in its entire lifetime,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
depending on who you ask.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And so what we do is we buy these drills
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋ช‡์ฒœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
06:52
that have a potential capacity of thousands of hours of drill time,
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๋“œ๋ฆด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณค
06:55
use them once or twice to put a hole in the wall and let them sit.
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๋ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋šซ๋Š” ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Our cities, I would put to you,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
07:00
are stockpiles of these surplus capacities.
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๊ณผ์ž‰์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And while we could try and figure out
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฌผ์ž๋กœ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋˜์ง€,
07:05
new ways to use those capacities --
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์–ผ์Œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋˜์ง€,
07:07
such as cooking or making ice sculptures
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์ • ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด ๋งˆํ”ผ์•„ ์†Œํƒ•์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋˜์ง€,
07:09
or even a mafia hit --
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๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
what we probably will find
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์ข€ ๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
07:13
is that, in fact, turning those products into services
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์ด ๊ณผ์ž‰ ๋ฌผ์ž๋“ค์„
07:15
that we have access to when we want them,
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์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:17
is a far smarter way to go.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
And in fact, even space itself is turning into a service.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:23
We're finding that people can share the same spaces,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:25
do stuff with vacant space.
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์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Buildings are becoming bundles of services.
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
So we have new designs
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์˜
07:32
that are helping us take mechanical things that we used to spend energy on --
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
07:35
like heating, cooling etc. --
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:37
and turn them into things that we avoid spending energy on.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:40
So we light our buildings with daylight.
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์กฐ๋ช…์€ ํ–‡๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
We cool them with breezes. We heat them with sunshine.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‡๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
In fact, when we use all these things,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
07:47
what we've found is that, in some cases,
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜
07:49
energy use in a building can drop as much as 90 percent.
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90%๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ• ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Which brings on another threshold effect
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ "ํ™”๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ธฐ"๋ผ๋Š”
07:53
I like to call furnace dumping,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
which is, quite simply,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
07:57
if you have a building that doesn't need to be heated with a furnace,
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ํ™”๋กœ์˜ ๋„์›€ ์—†์ด ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์นฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:59
you save a whole bunch of money up front.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
08:01
These things actually become cheaper to build
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
08:03
than the alternatives.
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๊ฑด์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
Now when we look at being able
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๋น„๋ก ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋””์–ด
08:08
to slash our product use, slash our transportation use,
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๋ฌผ์ž ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ , ๊ตํ†ต ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ž์ œํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:11
slash our building energy use,
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
all of that is great, but it still leaves something behind.
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๋‹ค ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์ฐ์ฐํ•จ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:16
And if we're going to really, truly become sustainable cities,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
08:18
we need to think a little differently.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
This is one way to do it.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
This is Vancouver's propaganda about how green a city they are.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And certainly lots of people have taken to heart
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
08:26
this idea that a sustainable city is covered in greenery.
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์Šด ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒผ์ง€์š”.
08:29
So we have visions like this.
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
We have visions like this. We have visions like this.
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:34
Now all of these are fine projects,
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๋ญ ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
but they really have missed an essential point,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
which is it's not about the leaves above,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ง€
08:41
it's about the systems below.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์žŽ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Do they, for instance, capture rainwater
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
08:45
so that we can reduce water use?
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๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
08:47
Water is energy intensive.
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๋ฌผ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์žก์•„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Do they, perhaps, include green infrastructure,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
08:52
so that we can take runoff
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์ •ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
08:54
and water that's going out of our houses
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
08:56
and clean it and filter it
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ
08:58
and grow urban street trees?
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๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:00
Do they connect us back to the ecosystems around us
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋‚˜์š”?
09:03
by, for example, connecting us to rivers
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ
09:05
and allowing for restoration?
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๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋‚˜์š”?
09:07
Do they allow for pollination,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋น„๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„
09:09
pollinator pathways
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์—ฌ
09:11
that bees and butterflies and such can come back into our cities?
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:14
Do they even take the very waste matter
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
09:16
that we have from food and fiber and so forth,
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์„
09:19
and turn it back into soil
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๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:21
and sequester carbon --
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š”
09:23
take carbon out of the air
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œ ์ด์šฉ์ค‘์—
09:25
in the process of using our cities?
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์—†์• ์ฃผ๋‚˜์š”?
09:27
I would submit to you that all of these things are not only possible,
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
09:30
they're being done right now,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
and that it's a darn good thing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ๋‹คํ–‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
Because right now, our economy by and large
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:37
operates as Paul Hawken said,
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ํด ํ˜ธ์ผ„์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
09:39
"by stealing the future, selling it in the present
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"๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—์„œ ํ›”์ณ์™€, ํ˜„์žฌ์— GDP๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹ค."
09:41
and calling it GDP."
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๋ผ๋Š” ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:43
And if we have another eight billion
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ
09:45
or seven billion,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ›”์น˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
09:47
or six billion, even, people,
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80์–ต,
09:49
living on a planet where their cities also steal the future,
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70์–ต, ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ชปํ•ด 60์–ต ๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
09:52
we're going to run out of future really fast.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋™๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
But if we think differently,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:56
I think that, in fact, we can have cities
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์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ
09:58
that are not only zero emissions,
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๋ฌด๊ณตํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:00
but have unlimited possibilities as well.
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๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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