How state budgets are breaking US schools | Bill Gates

170,545 views ใƒป 2011-03-05

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Guy Ernest ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Well, this is about state budgets.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
00:17
This is probably the most boring topic
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:20
of the whole morning.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”.
00:22
But I want to tell you, I think it's an important topic
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:25
that we need to care about.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•.
00:28
State budgets
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ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
00:30
are big, big money --
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ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ --
00:33
I'll show you the numbers --
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื --
00:35
and they get very little scrutiny.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื‘ืงืจื”.
00:38
The understanding is very low.
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ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืื“ ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
00:41
Many of the people involved
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
00:43
have special interests or short-term interests
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื˜ื•ื•ื—
00:45
that get them not thinking
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:47
about what the implications of the trends are.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
00:51
And these budgets
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ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
00:53
are the key for our future;
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ื”ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•,
00:55
they're the key for our kids.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:57
Most education funding --
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš --
00:59
whether it's K through 12,
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ืžื’ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
01:01
or the great universities or community colleges --
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ืื• ื”ืื•ื ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช --
01:04
most of the money for those things
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:06
is coming out of these state budgets.
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืื•ืชื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
01:09
But we have a problem.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:11
Here's the overall picture.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช.
01:13
U.S. economy is big --
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” --
01:16
14.7 trillion.
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14.7 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
01:18
Now out of that pie,
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
01:20
the government spends 36 percent.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” 36%.
01:23
So this is combining the federal level,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช,
01:25
which is the largest,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:27
the state level and the local level.
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ื”ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
01:29
And it's really in this combined way
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”
01:31
that you get an overall sense of what's going on,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
01:33
because there's a lot of complex things
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
01:35
like Medicaid and research money
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ื›ืžื• ืขื–ืจื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ื›ืกืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ
01:37
that flow across those boundaries.
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ืฉื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื.
01:40
But we're spending 36 percent.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื 36%.
01:42
Well what are we taking in?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื?
01:44
Simple business question.
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ืฉืืœื” ืขื™ืกืงื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
01:46
Answer is 26 percent.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื 26%.
01:50
Now this leaves 10 percent deficit,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ 10% ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ.
01:55
sort of a mind-blowing number.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
01:58
And some of that, in fact, is due to the fact
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ืงืฆืช ืžื–ื”, ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
02:01
that we've had an economic recession.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
02:03
Receipts go down,
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ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช,
02:05
some spending programs go up,
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ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช,
02:07
but most of it is not because of that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
02:10
Most of it is because of ways
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
02:12
that the liabilities are building up
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ื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื ื•ืช
02:14
and the trends,
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ื•ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช,
02:16
and that creates a huge challenge.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื.
02:19
In fact, this is the forecast picture.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช.
02:22
There are various things in here:
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
02:24
I could say we might raise more revenue,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช,
02:26
or medical innovation will make the spending even higher.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:30
It is an increasingly difficult picture,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจ,
02:33
even assuming the economy does quite well --
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ --
02:36
probably better than it will do.
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืชื”ื™ื”.
02:39
This is what you see
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
02:41
at this overall level.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
02:43
Now how did we get here?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื”ื ื”?
02:45
How could you have a problem like this?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช?
02:48
After all, at least on paper,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
02:51
there's this notion that these state budgets are balanced.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื.
02:54
Only one state says
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ืจืง ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืื•ืžืจืช
02:56
they don't have to balance the budget.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
02:58
But what this means actually
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ
03:00
is that there's a pretense.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ืžืจื•ืช.
03:02
There's no real, true balancing going on,
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:05
and in a sense, the games they play to hide that
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ื•ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช
03:09
actually obscure the topic so much
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ืžืžืฉ ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
03:11
that people don't see things
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
03:13
that are actually pretty straight-forward challenges.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื.
03:17
When Jerry Brown was elected,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื’'ืจื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจ (ื›ืžื•ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”),
03:19
this was the challenge that was put to him.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ ืœื•.
03:21
That is, through various gimmicks and things,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื’ื™ืžื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
03:24
a so-called balanced budget
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ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื–ืŸ
03:27
had led him to have 25 billion missing
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ 25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
03:31
out of the 76 billion in proposed spending.
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ืžืชื•ืš 76 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช.
03:34
Now he's put together some thoughts:
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช:
03:36
About half of that he'll cut,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืฆืฅ,
03:39
another half,
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ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™,
03:41
perhaps in a very complex set of steps,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื,
03:43
taxes will be approved.
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ืžื™ืกื™ื ื™ืื•ืฉืจื•.
03:45
But even so,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:47
as you go out into those future years,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
03:50
various pension costs, health costs go up enough,
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ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช,
03:53
and the revenue does not go up enough.
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ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง.
03:56
So you get a big squeeze.
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ืื– ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:58
What were those things that allowed us to hide this?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช?
04:01
Well, some really nice little tricks.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.
04:04
And these were somewhat noticed.
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ื•ืืœื” ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื•.
04:06
The paper said, "It's not really balanced.
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ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘, "ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืื•ื–ืŸ"
04:08
It's got holes.
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"ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจื™ื."
04:10
It perpetuates deficit spending.
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"ื–ื”ื• ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ"
04:12
It's riddled with gimmicks."
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"ื–ื” ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื"
04:15
And really when you get down to it,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”,
04:18
the guys at Enron never would have done this.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื ืจื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
04:21
This is so blatant,
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื˜ื”,
04:23
so extreme.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
04:26
Is anyone paying attention
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ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืœื‘
04:28
to some of the things these guys do?
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ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
04:31
They borrow money.
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ื”ื ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ.
04:33
They're not supposed to, but they figure out a way.
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ื”ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื“ืจืš.
04:35
They make you pay more in withholding
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ื”ื ืžืืœืฆื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื
04:37
just to help their cash flow out.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:39
They sell off the assets.
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื.
04:41
They defer the payments.
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ื”ื ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื.
04:44
They sell off the revenues from tobacco.
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืง.
04:46
And California's not unique.
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ื•ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
04:48
In fact, there's about five states that are worse
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ื‘ืืžืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 5 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:50
and only really four states
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ื•ืจืง 4 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
04:52
that don't face this big challenge.
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ืฉืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:54
So it's systemic across the entire country.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:57
It really comes from the fact
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
04:59
that certain long-term obligations --
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ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— --
05:01
health care, where innovation makes it more expensive,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืงืจ,
05:04
early retirement and pension, where the age structure gets worse for you,
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ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ืคื ืกื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื‘ื ื” ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจ,
05:07
and just generosity --
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช --
05:09
that these mis-accounting things
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ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
05:11
allow to develop over time,
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ืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
05:13
that you've got a problem.
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ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื”.
05:16
This is the retiree health care benefits.
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ืืœื• ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืžืœืื™ื.
05:18
Three million set aside, 62 billion dollar liability --
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3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“, 62 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช --
05:21
much worse than the car companies.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:23
And everybody looked at that
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”
05:25
and knew that that was headed toward a huge problem.
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ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
05:28
The forecast for the medical piece alone
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ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
05:30
is to go from 26 percent of the budget
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ื”ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืž-26% ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘
05:32
to 42 percent.
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ืœ-42%.
05:34
Well what's going to give?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช?
05:36
Well in order to accommodate that,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
05:38
you would have to cut education spending in half.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื—ืฆื™.
05:42
It really is this young versus the old
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื
05:44
to some degree.
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื”.
05:46
If you don't change that revenue picture,
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ืื ืœื ืชืฉื ื• ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
05:49
if you don't solve what you're doing in health care,
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ืื ืœื ืชืคืชืจื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™,
05:51
you're going to be deinvesting in the young.
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ืืชื ืชืฉืงื™ืขื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
05:54
The great University of California university system,
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
05:57
the great things that have gone on,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉื,
05:59
won't happen.
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ืœื ื™ืงืจื•.
06:01
So far it's meant layoffs,
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื,
06:03
increased class sizes.
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ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช.
06:05
Within the education community there's this discussion of,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ,
06:08
"Should it just be the young teachers who get laid off,
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"ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
06:10
or the less good teachers who get laid off?"
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื?"
06:12
And there's a discussion: if you're going to increase class sizes,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ: ืื ืชื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช,
06:15
where do you do that? How much effect does that have?
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ืื™ืคื” ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช? ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื”?
06:18
And unfortunately, as you get into that, people get confused and think,
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ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
06:21
well maybe you think that's okay.
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"ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ."
06:23
In fact, no, education spending should not be cut.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืœื, ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืฆืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
06:26
There's ways, if it's temporary,
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืื ื–ื” ื–ืžื ื™,
06:28
to minimize the impact,
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ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”,
06:30
but it's a problem.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื”.
06:32
It's also really a problem for where we need to go.
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ื–ื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
06:34
Technology has a role to play.
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ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
06:36
Well we need money to experiment with that,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
06:39
to get those tools in there.
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ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช.
06:41
There's the idea of paying teachers for effectiveness,
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ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
06:43
measuring them, giving them feedback,
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ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื, ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืžืฉื•ื‘,
06:45
taking videos in the classroom.
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ืœืฆืœื ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”.
06:47
That's something I think is very, very important.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
06:49
Well you have to allocate dollars
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ ื›ืกืฃ
06:51
for that system
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืืช
06:53
and for that incentive pay.
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ื•ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื.
06:55
In a situation where you have growth,
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”,
06:57
you put the new money into this.
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ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื–ื” --
06:59
Or even if you're flat, you might shift money into it.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืœื–ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
07:01
But with the type of cuts we're talking about,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
07:03
it will be far, far harder
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”
07:05
to get these incentives for excellence,
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
07:07
or to move over
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ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ื
07:09
to use technology in the new way.
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”.
07:12
So what's going on?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
07:14
Where's the brain trust
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื›ืœื™
07:16
that's in error here?
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
07:18
Well there really is no brain trust.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
07:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:23
It's sort of the voters. It's sort of us showing up.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื.
07:27
Just look at this spending.
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ืจืง ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื–ืืช.
07:29
California will spend over 100 billion,
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ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืชืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
07:31
Microsoft, 38,
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ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜, 38,
07:33
Google, about 19.
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ื’ื•ื’ืœ, ื‘ืขืจืš 19.
07:35
The amount of IQ in good numeric analysis,
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ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืื ืœื™ื–ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
07:38
both inside Google and Microsoft
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ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜
07:40
and outside, with analysts and people of various opinions --
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืขื ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช --
07:43
should they have spent on that?
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ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื–ื”?
07:45
No, they wasted their money on this. What about this thing? --
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ืœื, ื”ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
07:47
it really is quite phenomenal.
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ื–ืืช ืžืžืฉ ืชื•ืคืขื”.
07:50
Everybody has an opinion.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืขื”.
07:52
There's great feedback.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ.
07:55
And the numbers are used to make decisions.
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ื•ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
07:58
If you go over the education spending and the health care spending --
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ืื ืชืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ --
08:01
particularly these long-term trends --
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ืขื ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— --
08:04
you don't have that type of involvement
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•
08:06
on a number that's more important
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
08:08
in terms of equity, in terms of learning.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
08:11
So what do we need to do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
08:13
We need better tools.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:15
We can get some things out on the Internet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
08:17
I'm going to use my website
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื™
08:19
to put up some things that will give the basic picture.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
08:21
We need lots more.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:23
There's a few good books,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืกืคืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:25
one about school spending and where the money comes from --
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ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืื™ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื›ืกืฃ --
08:27
how that's changed over time, and the challenge.
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ.
08:30
We need better accounting.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืื™ื™ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:32
We need to take the fact
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
08:34
that the current employees, the future liabilities they create,
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
08:36
that should come out of the current budget.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
08:39
We need to understand why they've done the pension accounting
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ืช
08:41
the way they have.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื.
08:43
It should be more like private accounting.
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช.
08:45
It's the gold standard.
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ื–ื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
08:47
And finally, we need to really reward politicians.
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ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื.
08:50
Whenever they say there's these long-term problems,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—,
08:52
we can't say, "Oh, you're the messenger with bad news?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, "ืืชื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืขื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช?
08:54
We just shot you."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืจื” ื‘ืš."
08:57
In fact, there are some like these:
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื›ืืœื”:
08:59
Erskine Bowles, Alan Simpson and others,
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ืืจืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืœืก, ืืœืŸ ืกื™ืžืคืกื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:01
who have gone through and given proposals
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื–ืืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช
09:04
for this overall federal health-spending state-level problem.
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ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:08
But in fact, their work was sort of pushed off.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ื—ืชื”.
09:10
In fact, the week afterwards,
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
09:13
some tax cuts were done
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ืžืกืคืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ืกื™ื ื ืขืฉื•
09:15
that made the situation even worse
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ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข
09:17
than their assumptions.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
09:19
So we need these pieces.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:21
Now I think this is a solvable problem.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.
09:24
It's a great country with lots of people.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืจืฅ ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
09:27
But we have to draw those people in,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื,
09:31
because this is about education.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
09:33
And just look at what happened with the tuitions
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ื•ืจืง ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืžื” ืงืจื” ืขื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“
09:35
with the University of California
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
09:37
and project that out for another three, four, five years --
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืืจื‘ืข, ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
09:40
it's unaffordable.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขืฆืžื ื•.
09:43
And that's the kind of thing --
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื --
09:45
the investment in the young --
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื --
09:47
that makes us great, allows us to contribute.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืชืจื•ื.
09:49
It allows us to do the art,
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช,
09:51
the biotechnology, the software
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ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืชื•ื›ื ื”
09:54
and all those magic things.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:57
And so the bottom line is
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื
09:59
we need to care about state budgets
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
10:02
because they're critical for our kids and our future.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:04
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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