How state budgets are breaking US schools | Bill Gates

170,545 views ใƒป 2011-03-05

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: J J LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jamie Lee
00:15
Well, this is about state budgets.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ(ๅทž) ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
This is probably the most boring topic
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜ค์ „ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—
00:20
of the whole morning.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:22
But I want to tell you, I think it's an important topic
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
00:25
that we need to care about.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
State budgets
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์ฃผ(ๅทž) ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€
00:30
are big, big money --
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ˆ์ด๊ณ ,
00:33
I'll show you the numbers --
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-- ๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
00:35
and they get very little scrutiny.
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
The understanding is very low.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Many of the people involved
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด
00:43
have special interests or short-term interests
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ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ด์ต์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:45
that get them not thinking
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๊ทธ ์ถ”์„ธ๋“ค์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
00:47
about what the implications of the trends are.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And these budgets
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์ด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋“ค์€
00:53
are the key for our future;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:55
they're the key for our kids.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Most education funding --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ž๊ธˆ์€
00:59
whether it's K through 12,
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์œ ์•„,์ดˆ,์ค‘,๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์ด๋“ 
01:01
or the great universities or community colleges --
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
01:04
most of the money for those things
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์€
01:06
is coming out of these state budgets.
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์ฃผ(ๅทž) ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
But we have a problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Here's the overall picture.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
U.S. economy is big --
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
14.7 trillion.
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14์กฐ 7์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ฃ .
01:18
Now out of that pie,
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
01:20
the government spends 36 percent.
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36%๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
So this is combining the federal level,
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์ด ์ง€์ถœ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ
01:25
which is the largest,
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์™€
01:27
the state level and the local level.
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์ฃผ ์ •๋ถ€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
And it's really in this combined way
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:31
that you get an overall sense of what's going on,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
because there's a lot of complex things
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
01:35
like Medicaid and research money
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ๋„
01:37
that flow across those boundaries.
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๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
But we're spending 36 percent.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 36%๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Well what are we taking in?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์„ธ์ž…์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
01:44
Simple business question.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Answer is 26 percent.
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๋‹ต์€ 26%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Now this leaves 10 percent deficit,
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ํ˜„์žฌ 10%์˜ ์ ์ž๋ถ„์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
sort of a mind-blowing number.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆซ์ž์ด์ฃ .
01:58
And some of that, in fact, is due to the fact
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
02:01
that we've had an economic recession.
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๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Receipts go down,
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์„ธ์ž…์€ ์ค„๊ณ ,
02:05
some spending programs go up,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์ถœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
but most of it is not because of that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Most of it is because of ways
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”
02:12
that the liabilities are building up
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๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:14
and the trends,
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๊ทธ ์ถ”์„ธ๋“ค์ด
02:16
and that creates a huge challenge.
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
In fact, this is the forecast picture.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
There are various things in here:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
I could say we might raise more revenue,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ž…์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:26
or medical innovation will make the spending even higher.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋” ๋Š˜๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
It is an increasingly difficult picture,
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ ,
02:33
even assuming the economy does quite well --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
02:36
probably better than it will do.
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์ด๋Š” ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
This is what you see
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:41
at this overall level.
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๊ฐœ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Now how did we get here?
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์ž, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:45
How could you have a problem like this?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:48
After all, at least on paper,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
02:51
there's this notion that these state budgets are balanced.
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์ฃผ(ๅทž) ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ค„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Only one state says
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์˜ค์ง ํ•œ ์ฃผ(ๅทž)๋งŒ์ด
02:56
they don't have to balance the budget.
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถœ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
But what this means actually
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:00
is that there's a pretense.
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ํ—ˆ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
There's no real, true balancing going on,
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด๋ž€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
and in a sense, the games they play to hide that
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค์ด
03:09
actually obscure the topic so much
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์„œ
03:11
that people don't see things
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
03:13
that are actually pretty straight-forward challenges.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
When Jerry Brown was elected,
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์ œ๋ฆฌ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์ด ๋‹น์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:19
this was the challenge that was put to him.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
That is, through various gimmicks and things,
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์†Œ์œ„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๋˜
03:24
a so-called balanced budget
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ ์ฑ…๋“ค๋กœ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ง€์ถœ์˜
03:27
had led him to have 25 billion missing
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760์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ค‘ 250์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
03:31
out of the 76 billion in proposed spending.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Now he's put together some thoughts:
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
About half of that he'll cut,
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์ง€์ถœ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
03:39
another half,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์€
03:41
perhaps in a very complex set of steps,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
03:43
taxes will be approved.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
But even so,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:47
as you go out into those future years,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:50
various pension costs, health costs go up enough,
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๊ฐ์ข… ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์šฉ, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋Œ€ํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:53
and the revenue does not go up enough.
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์„ธ์ž…์€ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So you get a big squeeze.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํฐ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
What were those things that allowed us to hide this?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:01
Well, some really nice little tricks.
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์ž, ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And these were somewhat noticed.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
The paper said, "It's not really balanced.
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์€ "๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค."
04:08
It's got holes.
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"ํ—ˆ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."
04:10
It perpetuates deficit spending.
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"์ ์ž ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค."
04:12
It's riddled with gimmicks."
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"์ˆ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And really when you get down to it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:18
the guys at Enron never would have done this.
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์—”๋ก ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
This is so blatant,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ด๊ณ ,
04:23
so extreme.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Is anyone paying attention
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์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ง“๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:28
to some of the things these guys do?
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”?
04:31
They borrow money.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
They're not supposed to, but they figure out a way.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
They make you pay more in withholding
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:37
just to help their cash flow out.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›์ฒœ์ง•์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
They sell off the assets.
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์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
They defer the payments.
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์ง€๋ถˆ์„ ์œ ์˜ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
They sell off the revenues from tobacco.
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๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ์„ธ์ž…์„ ๋งค๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
And California's not unique.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
In fact, there's about five states that are worse
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ ์ฃผ(ๅทž)๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:50
and only really four states
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์˜ค์ง ๋„ค๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ(ๅทž)๋งŒ์ด
04:52
that don't face this big challenge.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
So it's systemic across the entire country.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
It really comes from the fact
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ
04:59
that certain long-term obligations --
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์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์—์„œ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
health care, where innovation makes it more expensive,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค,
05:04
early retirement and pension, where the age structure gets worse for you,
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์—ฐ๋ น ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์€ํ‡ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ,
05:07
and just generosity --
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๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:09
that these mis-accounting things
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
05:11
allow to develop over time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
05:13
that you've got a problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
This is the retiree health care benefits.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์€ํ‡ด์ž ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Three million set aside, 62 billion dollar liability --
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300๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 620์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
much worse than the car companies.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•ˆ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
And everybody looked at that
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜
05:25
and knew that that was headed toward a huge problem.
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๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
The forecast for the medical piece alone
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
05:30
is to go from 26 percent of the budget
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ 26%์—์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ 42%์—
05:32
to 42 percent.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Well what's going to give?
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์ž, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:36
Well in order to accommodate that,
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๊ทธ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
05:38
you would have to cut education spending in half.
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๊ต์œก ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
It really is this young versus the old
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต๊ณผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜
05:44
to some degree.
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๋Œ€๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ๋„๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
If you don't change that revenue picture,
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๊ทธ ์„ธ์ž…์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
05:49
if you don't solve what you're doing in health care,
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:51
you're going to be deinvesting in the young.
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์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
The great University of California university system,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ™์ด
05:57
the great things that have gone on,
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๊ณ„์† ๋˜์–ด์˜จ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
05:59
won't happen.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
So far it's meant layoffs,
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์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๊ณ ์™€
06:03
increased class sizes.
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ํ•™๊ธ‰ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
Within the education community there's this discussion of,
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๊ต์œก๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
"Should it just be the young teachers who get laid off,
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"์ Š์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
06:10
or the less good teachers who get laid off?"
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
06:12
And there's a discussion: if you're going to increase class sizes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ธ‰ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
06:15
where do you do that? How much effect does that have?
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ? ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
And unfortunately, as you get into that, people get confused and think,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
well maybe you think that's okay.
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"๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ."
06:23
In fact, no, education spending should not be cut.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์‚ญ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
There's ways, if it's temporary,
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
06:28
to minimize the impact,
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
but it's a problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
It's also really a problem for where we need to go.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Technology has a role to play.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Well we need money to experiment with that,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—
06:39
to get those tools in there.
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๊ทธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
There's the idea of paying teachers for effectiveness,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:43
measuring them, giving them feedback,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:45
taking videos in the classroom.
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์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
That's something I think is very, very important.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Well you have to allocate dollars
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ
06:51
for that system
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์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:53
and for that incentive pay.
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์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
In a situation where you have growth,
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๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ,
06:57
you put the new money into this.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:59
Or even if you're flat, you might shift money into it.
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๋น„๋ก ์ €์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
But with the type of cuts we're talking about,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์‚ญ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
07:03
it will be far, far harder
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์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:05
to get these incentives for excellence,
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์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:07
or to move over
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
07:09
to use technology in the new way.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
So what's going on?
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๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:14
Where's the brain trust
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์ „๋ฌธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์€
07:16
that's in error here?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Well there really is no brain trust.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:23
It's sort of the voters. It's sort of us showing up.
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์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”.
07:27
Just look at this spending.
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์ด ์ง€์ถœ๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:29
California will spend over 100 billion,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” 1000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ง€์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Microsoft, 38,
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ 380์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ,
07:33
Google, about 19.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ 190์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
The amount of IQ in good numeric analysis,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์˜
07:38
both inside Google and Microsoft
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๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ
07:40
and outside, with analysts and people of various opinions --
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
should they have spent on that?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์ถœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:45
No, they wasted their money on this. What about this thing? --
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:47
it really is quite phenomenal.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฒฝํƒ„์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
Everybody has an opinion.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
There's great feedback.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
And the numbers are used to make decisions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
If you go over the education spending and the health care spending --
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๊ต์œก ์ง€์ถœ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:01
particularly these long-term trends --
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-- ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ถ”์„ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . --
08:04
you don't have that type of involvement
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ
08:06
on a number that's more important
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์—
08:08
in terms of equity, in terms of learning.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
So what do we need to do?
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:13
We need better tools.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
We can get some things out on the Internet.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
I'm going to use my website
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:19
to put up some things that will give the basic picture.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
We need lots more.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
There's a few good books,
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๊ต์œก ์ง€์ถœ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:25
one about school spending and where the money comes from --
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ข‹์€ ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
how that's changed over time, and the challenge.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
We need better accounting.
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ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
We need to take the fact
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ƒํƒœ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด
08:34
that the current employees, the future liabilities they create,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
08:36
that should come out of the current budget.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
We need to understand why they've done the pension accounting
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์—ฐ๊ธˆ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
08:41
the way they have.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
It should be more like private accounting.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
It's the gold standard.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
And finally, we need to really reward politicians.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Whenever they say there's these long-term problems,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
08:52
we can't say, "Oh, you're the messenger with bad news?
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"์˜ค, ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹๋งŒ ์ „ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
08:54
We just shot you."
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์ฐํ˜”์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
In fact, there are some like these:
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
Erskine Bowles, Alan Simpson and others,
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์–ด์Šคํ‚จ ๋ณด์šธ์Šค, ์•จ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ฌ์Šจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:01
who have gone through and given proposals
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์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์ถœ์—์„œ
09:04
for this overall federal health-spending state-level problem.
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์ฃผ(ๅทž) ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
But in fact, their work was sort of pushed off.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
In fact, the week afterwards,
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ(้€ฑ)๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ,
09:13
some tax cuts were done
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๋ช‡ ๊ฑด์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ๋ฉด์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ 
09:15
that made the situation even worse
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:17
than their assumptions.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ์•…ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
So we need these pieces.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Now I think this is a solvable problem.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
It's a great country with lots of people.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
But we have to draw those people in,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
because this is about education.
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๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
And just look at what happened with the tuitions
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด
09:35
with the University of California
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:37
and project that out for another three, four, five years --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5๋…„์„ ์ „๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:40
it's unaffordable.
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๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And that's the kind of thing --
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์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š”
09:45
the investment in the young --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
09:47
that makes us great, allows us to contribute.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
It allows us to do the art,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ,
09:51
the biotechnology, the software
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ณตํ•™, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€
09:54
and all those magic things.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
And so the bottom line is
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์š”์ปจ๋ฐ,
09:59
we need to care about state budgets
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ(ๅทž) ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
because they're critical for our kids and our future.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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