The brain in love | Helen Fisher

1,781,334 views ใƒป 2008-07-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Noam Nelke
00:19
I and my colleagues Art Aron and Lucy Brown and others,
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ืื ื™, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจื˜ ืืจื•ืŸ, ืœื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:22
have put 37 people who are madly in love into a functional MRI brain scanner.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• 37 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ
ืœืชื•ืš ืกื•ืจืง MRI [ืกื•ืจืง ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™] ืคืขื™ืœ.
00:27
17 who were happily in love, 15 who had just been dumped,
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ืฉื‘ืขื”-ืขืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื, 15 - ื–ื” ืขืชื”
'ื–ืจืงื•' ืื•ืชื, ื•ืื ื• ืคืชื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื ื•:
00:31
and we're just starting our third experiment:
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00:33
studying people who report that they're still in love
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื
ืื—ืจื™ 10 ืขื“ 25 ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
00:36
after 10 to 25 years of marriage.
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00:38
So, this is the short story of that research.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื”.
ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”, ื‘ื˜ื™ืงืืœ, ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืžืงื“ืฉ.
00:42
In the jungles of Guatemala, in Tikal, stands a temple.
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00:47
It was built by the grandest Sun King, of the grandest city-state,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืงื ืข"ื™ ืžืœืš ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืฉื‘ืขื™ืจ-ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:52
of the grandest civilization of the Americas, the Mayas.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืžืื™ื”.
ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืงืืกืื• ืฆ'ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ื™ืœ.
00:57
His name was Jasaw Chan K'awiil.
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00:59
He stood over six feet tall.
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ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืžืขืœ 80 ืฉื ื”,
01:02
He lived into his 80s,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื” ื–ื• ื‘-720 ืœืกืคื™ืจื”.
01:04
and he was buried beneath this monument in 720 AD.
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01:08
And Mayan inscriptions proclaim that he was deeply in love with his wife.
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ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื” ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื
ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืื“ ื‘ืืฉืชื•.
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœ ืžืงื“ืฉื•.
01:12
So, he built a temple in her honor, facing his.
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01:16
And every spring and autumn, exactly at the equinox,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืกืชื™ื•, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื–ื•ืจื—ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืงื“ืฉื•,
01:20
the sun rises behind his temple,
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01:22
and perfectly bathes her temple with his shadow.
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ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืœื™ืœ ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•.
01:27
And as the sun sets behind her temple in the afternoon,
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ื•ืื—ื”"ืฆ, ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืงืขืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืงื“ืฉื”,
01:31
it perfectly bathes his temple with her shadow.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืœื™ืœ ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉื• ื‘ืฆื™ืœื”.
ืื—ืจื™ 1,300 ืฉื ื”, ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
01:35
After 1,300 years, these two lovers still touch and kiss from their tomb.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื•ืžืชื ืฉืงื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืงื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.
01:42
Around the world, people love.
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ื”ื ืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืœืื”ื‘ื”,
01:45
They sing for love, they dance for love,
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01:47
they compose poems and stories about love.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืืžื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
01:50
They tell myths and legends about love.
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ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”.
ื”ื ืขื•ืจื’ื™ื ืœืื”ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”,
01:53
They pine for love, they live for love, they kill for love, and they die for love.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื ืžืชื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืคืขื ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื•ื™ื˜ืžืŸ,
01:59
As Walt Whitman once said, "O I would stake all for you."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื”ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ืืกื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืš."
ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘-170 ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:04
Anthropologists have found evidence of romantic love in 170 societies.
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02:08
They've never found a society that did not have it.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื•ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”.
ืืš ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช.
02:12
But love isn't always a happy experience.
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื’',
02:15
In one study of college students, they asked a lot of questions about love,
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ื ืฉืืœื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”,
ืืš ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™,
02:19
but the two that stood out to me the most were:
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"ื”ืื ืื™-ืคืขื ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืื”ื‘ืช?"
02:22
"Have you ever been rejected by somebody who you really loved?"
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02:26
And the second question was:
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื”,
"ื”ืื ืื™-ืคืขื 'ื–ืจืงืช' ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืื”ื‘/ื” ืื•ืชืš?"
02:28
"Have you ever dumped somebody who really loved you?"
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02:31
And almost 95 percent of both men and women said yes to both.
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ 95%, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื, ืขื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ.
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื.
02:37
Almost nobody gets out of love alive.
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02:40
So, before I start telling you about the brain,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื ืœื›ื
02:44
I want to read for you
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02:45
what I think is the most powerful love poem on Earth.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:48
There's other love poems that are, of course, just as good,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”,
ืืš ืื™ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื”.
02:51
but I don't think this one can be surpassed.
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ืกื™ืคืจ ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืงื•ื˜ืœ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืืœืกืงื”
02:53
It was told by an anonymous Kwakiutl Indian of southern Alaska
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02:58
to a missionary in 1896.
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ืœืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘-1896, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื:
03:01
And here it is.
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ื˜ืจื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช.
03:03
I've never had the opportunity to say it before.
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03:06
"Fire runs through my body with the pain of loving you.
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"ืืฉ ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชืš,
ื›ืื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืืฉ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ืš.
03:10
Pain runs through my body with the fires of my love for you.
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03:14
Pain like a boil about to burst with my love for you,
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ื”ื›ืื‘ ื›ืžื• ืจื•ืชื— ืœื”ืชืคืจืฅ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ืš,
ื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืืฉ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ืš,
03:18
consumed by fire with my love for you.
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03:21
I remember what you said to me.
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ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ืš.
ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชืš ืืœื™,
03:24
I am thinking of your love for me.
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ื ืงืจืข ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชืš ืืœื™.
03:26
I am torn by your love for me.
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ื›ืื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืื‘,
03:28
Pain and more pain --
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03:30
where are you going with my love?
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ืื ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืš ืขื ืื”ื‘ืชื™?
ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืืช ืžื›ืืŸ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™.
03:32
I am told you will go from here.
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03:34
I am told you will leave me here.
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ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช, ืื•ืžืจื™ื.
ื’ื•ืคื™ ืงื”ื” ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ.
03:36
My body is numb with grief.
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ื–ื›ืจื™ ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™, ืื”ื•ื‘ืชื™.
03:39
Remember what I said, my love.
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ืฉืœื•ื, ืื”ื•ื‘ืชื™, ืฉืœื•ื."
03:41
Goodbye, my love, goodbye."
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03:44
Emily Dickinson once wrote, "Parting is all we need to know of hell."
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ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื ืกื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืคืขื,
"ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื”ื™ื ื•ื."
ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื‘ืœื•
03:51
How many people have suffered
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช?
03:53
in all the millions of years of human evolution?
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03:56
How many people around the world
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ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข?
03:59
are dancing with elation at this very minute?
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04:02
Romantic love is one of the most powerful sensations on Earth.
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ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—
04:06
So, several years ago, I decided to look into the brain
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ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
04:10
and study this madness.
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04:13
Our first study of people who were happily in love
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ืžื—ืงืจื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื
04:15
has been widely publicized,
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ื–ื›ื” ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื ืจื—ื‘,
04:16
so I'm only going to say very little about it.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“.
04:19
We found activity in a tiny, little factory near the base of the brain
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ืื™ืชืจื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื•ื—
04:23
called the ventral tegmental area.
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ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื’ืžื ื˜ื•ื ื”ื’ื—ื•ื ื™.
04:25
We found activity in some cells called the A10 cells,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชืื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืชืื™ ApEn.
04:28
cells that actually make dopamine, a natural stimulant,
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ืชืื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื“ื•ืคืืžื™ืŸ, ืžืžืจื™ืฅ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
04:31
and spray it to many brain regions.
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ื•ืžืจืกืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.
ื”ื˜ื’ืžื ื˜ื•ื ื”ื’ื—ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
04:34
Indeed, this part, the VTA, is part of the brain's reward system.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
04:38
It's way below your cognitive thinking process.
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04:40
It's below your emotions.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื›ื.
04:42
It's part of what we call the reptilian core of the brain,
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ื—ืœื™,
04:45
associated with wanting, with motivation, with focus and with craving.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื ืขื”,
ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช.
04:50
In fact, the same brain region where we found activity
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ื‘ื• ืื™ืชืจื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
ื”ื•ืคืš ืคืขื™ืœ ื’ื ื›ืฉื—ืฉื™ื ืืช ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ.
04:54
becomes active also when you feel the rush of cocaine.
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04:57
But romantic love is much more than a cocaine high --
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ืืš ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-"ื”ื™ื™" ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ --
05:00
at least you come down from cocaine.
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ืžืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœื”.
05:03
Romantic love is an obsession, it possesses you.
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ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื.
05:06
You lose your sense of self.
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ืืชื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™.
ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื—ืจ.
05:08
You can't stop thinking about another human being.
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05:11
Somebody is camping in your head.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืฉื” 'ืงืžืคื™ื ื’' ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจืืฉื›ื.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื™ืคื ื™ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช,
05:14
As an eighth-century Japanese poet said, "My longing had no time when it ceases."
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"ื‘ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืžื™ื”ืชื™ ืขืช."
ืคืจื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื”.
05:20
Wild is love.
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ื•ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืืชื›ื.
05:23
And the obsession can get worse when you've been rejected.
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ื›ืจื’ืข, ืœื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื™, ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช-ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื
05:26
So, right now, Lucy Brown and I, the neuroscientists on our project,
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ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื•ื—ื ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
05:31
are looking at the data of the people
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ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉ'ื–ืจืงื•' ืื•ืชื.
05:33
who were put into the machine after they had just been dumped.
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05:36
It was very difficult actually, putting these people in the machine,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื“,
ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”,
05:39
because they were in such bad shape.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื” ื’ืจื•ืข.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:41
(Laughter)
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05:45
So anyway, we found activity in three brain regions.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืžืฆืื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘-3 ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.
05:47
We found activity in the brain region,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื—,
05:50
in exactly the same brain region associated with intense romantic love.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื—
ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืขื ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช.
ืื™ื–ื• ืขื™ืกืงื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”.
05:55
What a bad deal.
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05:56
You know, when you've been dumped,
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ื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืื•ืชืš,
05:58
the one thing you love to do is just forget about this human being,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื,
ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš,
06:01
and then go on with your life -- but no, you just love them harder.
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ืืš ืœื, ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืคืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ ื˜ืจื ืก,
06:05
As the poet Terence, the Roman poet once said,
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06:09
he said, "The less my hope, the hotter my love."
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"ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืงื˜ื ื” ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™, ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืื”ื‘ืชื™."
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข.
06:12
And indeed, we now know why.
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06:14
Two thousand years later, we can explain this in the brain.
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ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—.
ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ
06:18
That brain system -- the reward system
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06:20
for wanting, for motivation, for craving, for focus --
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืกืš, ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”, ื›ืžื™ื”ื”, ืžื™ืงื•ื“,
06:24
becomes more active when you can't get what you want.
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ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขื™ืœื” ื›ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื.
06:27
In this case, life's greatest prize: an appropriate mating partner.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื:
ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ื•ืœื.
06:32
We found activity in other brain regions also --
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื --
ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื”ืคืกื“.
06:35
in a brain region associated with calculating gains and losses.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืชื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉื ื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”,
06:40
You're lying there, you're looking at the picture,
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ื•ืืชื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
06:42
and you're in this machine,
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ื•ืืชื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื: ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ?
06:44
and you're calculating what went wrong.
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06:46
What have I lost?
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ืื™ืš, ืžื” ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™?
06:48
As a matter of fact, Lucy and I have a little joke about this.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืœืœื•ืกื™ ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžืืžื˜,
06:52
It comes from a David Mamet play,
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06:55
and there's two con artists in the play,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื-ืืฉืคื™ื,
ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืจืžื” ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ.
06:57
and the woman is conning the man,
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06:59
and the man looks at the woman and says,
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
"ืืช ืกื•ืก ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืจ ืขืœื™ืš."
07:01
"Oh, you're a bad pony, I'm not going to bet on you."
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07:06
And indeed, it's this part of the brain,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื—,
ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืืงื•ืžื‘ื ืก, ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืคืขื™ืœ
07:09
the core of the nucleus accumbens,
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07:11
that is becoming active as you're measuring your gains and losses.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื.
ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืคืขื™ืœ
07:14
It's also the brain region that becomes active
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
07:17
when you're willing to take enormous risks for huge gains and huge losses.
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ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื“ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื.
07:21
Last but not least, we found activity in a brain region
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ื•ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘, ืžืฆืื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื—
ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ.
07:25
associated with deep attachment to another individual.
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07:29
No wonder people suffer around the world, and we have so many crimes of passion.
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ืœื ืคืœื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืฉืขื™-ืชืฉื•ืงื”.
07:36
When you've been rejected in love,
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ื›ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื ื• ื ื“ื—ืชื”,
ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืชื ืืคื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช
07:38
not only are you engulfed with feelings of romantic love,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื.
07:42
but you're feeling deep attachment to this individual.
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07:44
Moreover, this brain circuit for reward is working,
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ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
ื•ืืชื ื—ืฉื™ื ืžืจืฅ ืจื‘ ื•ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืขื–,
07:48
and you're feeling intense energy, intense focus, intense motivation
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ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื•ึผืช ืœืกื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ
07:53
and the willingness to risk it all, to win life's greatest prize.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
07:59
So, what have I learned from this experiment
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ืื– ืžื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื–ื”
08:02
that I would like to tell the world?
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ืฉืืจืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœืขื•ืœื?
08:04
Foremost, I have come to think
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช
08:06
that romantic love is a drive, a basic mating drive.
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ืฉื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืฃ, ื“ื—ืฃ ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™.
ืœื ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ - ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืชื›ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
08:10
Not the sex drive --
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08:11
the sex drive gets you looking for a whole range of partners.
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ืœื—ืคืฉ ืœื›ื ืคืจื˜ื ืจื™ื.
ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’
08:14
Romantic love enables you to focus your mating energy
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08:16
on just one at a time, conserve your mating energy,
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ืขืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’,
08:19
and start the mating process with this single individual.
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ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืขื ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื–ื”.
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช,
08:23
I think of all the poetry that I've read about romantic love,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืกื›ื ื”ื›ื™-ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื ืืžืจ ืข"ื™ ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ
08:27
what sums it up best is something that is said by Plato
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08:30
over 2,000 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ืฉื ื”.
ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืงืงื•ืช.
08:33
He said, "The god of love lives in a state of need.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืจืš. ื–ื”ื• ื“ื—ืฃ.
08:37
It is a need, it is an urge, it is a homeostatic imbalance.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™.
08:42
Like hunger and thirst, it's almost impossible to stamp out."
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ื›ืžื• ืจืขื‘ ื•ืฆืžื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื ื™ืง ืื•ืชื•."
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื’ื ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช:
08:47
I've also come to believe that romantic love is an addiction:
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08:50
a perfectly wonderful addiction when it's going well,
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ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ื ืคืœืื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื›ืฉื•ืจื”,
ื•ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืื™ื•ืžื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืชื“ืจ.
08:53
and a perfectly horrible addiction when it's going poorly.
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08:56
And indeed, it has all of the characteristics of addiction.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช.
08:59
You focus on the person, you obsessively think about them,
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ืืชื ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
09:02
you crave them, you distort reality,
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ื›ืžื”ื™ื ืืœื™ื•, ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
09:05
your willingness to take enormous risks to win this person.
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
09:08
And it's got the three main characteristics of addiction:
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” 3 ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื.
ื”ืชืžื“ื” - ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ -
09:11
tolerance, you need to see them more, and more, and more;
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09:14
withdrawals;
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ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืœืงื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
09:15
and last: relapse.
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ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ืื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื”,
09:17
I've got a girlfriend who's just getting over a terrible love affair.
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09:20
It's been about eight months, she's beginning to feel better.
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ืขื‘ืจื• ื›-8 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ื ืกืขื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื”,
09:23
And she was driving along in her car the other day,
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจ
09:26
and suddenly she heard a song on the car radio
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ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื’ื‘ืจ.
09:28
that reminded her of this man.
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09:29
Not only did the instant craving come back,
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ื•ื”ื™ื... ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืืœื™ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื™ื“,
09:32
but she had to pull over from the side of the road and cry.
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ,
ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื•ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช.
09:36
So, one thing I would like the medical community,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
ืžืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืืฃ ืžืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
09:39
and the legal community, and even the college community,
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09:41
to see if they can understand, that indeed, romantic love
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื›ืŸ ืืžื ื,
ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืžื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช.
09:45
is one of the most addictive substances on Earth.
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09:48
I would also like to tell the world that animals love.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื’ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.
09:52
There's not an animal on this planet
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ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”
ืฉืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื.
09:54
that will copulate with anything that comes along.
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ื–ืงืŸ ืžื“ื™, ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื“ื™, ืžื˜ื•ื ืฃ ืžื“ื™, ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ืžื“ื™, ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื•.
09:57
Too old, too young, too scruffy, too stupid, and they won't do it.
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10:01
Unless you're stuck in a laboratory cage --
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ืืœื ืื ืืชื ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื•ื‘ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” --
10:04
and you know, if you spend your entire life in a little box,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ืชื‘ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
ืœื ืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื” ื‘ืจืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื›ื ืœืกืงืก --
10:08
you're not going to be as picky about who you have sex with,
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10:11
but I've looked in a hundred species,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืžืื” ืžื™ื ื™ื,
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช.
10:14
and everywhere in the wild, animals have favorites.
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10:17
As a matter of fact, ethologists know this.
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ื”ืืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”.
10:19
There are over eight words for what they call "animal favoritism:"
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืœ 8 ืžืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื:
10:23
selective proceptivity, mate choice, female choice, sexual choice.
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ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืจื ื™, ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื–ื•ื•ื™ื’, ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืงื‘ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
10:28
And indeed, there are now three academic articles
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืืžืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื
10:31
in which they've looked at this attraction,
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ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:34
which may only last for a second,
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื” ืื—ืช,
10:36
but it's a definite attraction,
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ืื•ืœื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”,
ื•ืื• ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื—, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘,
10:38
and either this same brain region, this reward system,
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10:41
or the chemicals of that reward system are involved.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš.
10:44
In fact, I think animal attraction can be instant --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช -
10:47
you can see an elephant instantly go for another elephant.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืคื™ืœ ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืžื™ื“ ืืœ ืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช.
10:50
And I think that this is really the origin
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ
10:52
of what you and I call "love at first sight."
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื•ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ."
ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
10:56
People have often asked me
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10:58
whether what I know about love has spoiled it for me.
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ื”ืื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืงืœืงืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
11:02
And I just simply say, "Hardly."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช: ืžืžืฉ ืœื.
11:04
You can know every single ingredient in a piece of chocolate cake,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“,
ื•ืื—ืจ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื”,
11:08
and then when you sit down and eat that cake,
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11:10
you can still feel that joy.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื“ื•ื•ื”.
11:12
And certainly, I make all the same mistakes that everybody else does too,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช
ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
11:16
but it's really deepened my understanding
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ืืš ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
11:20
and compassion, really, for all human life.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
11:24
As a matter of fact, in New York, I often catch myself
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืงื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืชื•ืคืกืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
11:27
looking in baby carriages and feeling a little sorry for the tot.
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขื’ืœืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืจื—ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื•ื˜,
11:31
And in fact, sometimes I feel a little sorry
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืžืจื—ืžืช
11:34
for the chicken on my dinner plate,
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืฉืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ืฆืœื—ืชื™,
ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื—.
11:36
when I think of how intense this brain system is.
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11:41
Our newest experiment has been hatched
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ ืžื•ื—ื•
11:46
by my colleague, Art Aron --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™, ืืจื˜ ืืจื•ืŸ,
11:48
putting people who are reporting that they are still in love,
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ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช, ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื ื˜ื™.
11:52
in a long-term relationship, into the functional MRI.
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11:55
We've put five people in so far,
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ืขื“ ื›ื” ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื,
11:57
and indeed, we found exactly the same thing.
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ื•ืืžื ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื ืžืžืฆืื™ื. ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื.
12:00
They're not lying.
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12:02
The brain areas associated with intense romantic love
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ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื–ื”,
12:08
still become active, 25 years later.
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ืขื•ื“ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื, ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ 25 ืฉื ื”.
12:12
There are still many questions to be answered
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ืฉืืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
12:15
and asked about romantic love.
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ื•ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช.
12:18
The question that I'm working on right this minute --
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข,
ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืกืคืจ ื–ืืช ืจืง ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ืœืกื™ื™ื,
12:20
and I'm only going to say it for a second, and then end --
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ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื“ื ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ืจ?
12:23
is, why do you fall in love with one person, rather than another?
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12:26
I never would have even thought to think of this,
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขืœื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืขืชื™,
12:29
but Match.com, the Internet dating site,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช Match.com,
12:31
came to me three years ago and asked me that question.
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ืคื ื” ืืœื™ ืœืคื ื™ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช.
12:34
And I said, I don't know.
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12:35
I know what happens in the brain, when you do become in love,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื›ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื,
12:38
but I don't know why you fall in love with one person rather than another.
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ืืš ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื“ื ืื—ื“
ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ืจ.
ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:42
And so, I've spent the last three years on this.
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12:45
And there are many reasons that you fall in love with one person
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื“ื ืื—ื“
ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื.
12:48
rather than another, that psychologists can tell you.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
12:50
And we tend to fall in love with somebody from the same socioeconomic background,
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ืžืื•ืชื• ืจืงืข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™,
ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”,
12:54
the same general level of intelligence, of good looks, the same religious values.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
ืื•ืชื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื.
12:58
Your childhood certainly plays a role, but nobody knows how.
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ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื—ืœืง, ืืš ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš.
13:01
And that's about it, that's all they know.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœ. ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื”ื.
13:03
No, they've never found
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ืœื, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช
13:05
the way two personalities fit together to make a good relationship.
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ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
13:09
So, it began to occur to me
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
13:11
that maybe your biology pulls you towards some people rather than another.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืื•ืชื ื•
ืืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
13:16
And I have concocted a questionnaire to see to what degree
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื”
13:20
you express dopamine, serotonin, estrogen and testosterone.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื“ื•ืคืืžื™ืŸ, ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ, ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ื•ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
13:25
I think we've evolved four very broad personality types
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ื™ ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“
13:28
associated with the ratios of these four chemicals in the brain.
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื—.
13:32
And on this dating site that I have created, called Chemistry.com,
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ื•ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื™, Chemistry.com,
ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืœื›ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกื“ืจืช ืฉืืœื•ืช.
13:36
I ask you first a series of questions
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13:40
to see to what degree you express these chemicals,
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ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
13:43
and I'm watching who chooses who to love.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืžื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื™.
13:47
And 3.7 million people have taken the questionnaire in America.
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ 3,7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ,
ื•ื›-600,000 ืื™ืฉ ืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘-33 ืืจืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
13:51
About 600,000 people have taken it in 33 other countries.
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13:56
I'm putting the data together now,
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ืื ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
13:57
and at some point -- there will always be magic to love,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื...ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืงืกื,
ืืš ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืืชืงืจื‘ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื ื”
14:01
but I think I will come closer to understanding
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืื“ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ
14:04
why it is you can walk into a room and everybody is from your background,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืจืงืข ืฉืœื•,
14:08
your same general level of intelligence, good looks,
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ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”,
ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืœืœ ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื.
14:12
and you don't feel pulled towards all of them.
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14:14
I think there's biology to that.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
14:16
I think we're going to end up, in the next few years,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื”
14:19
to understand all kinds of brain mechanisms
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—
14:21
that pull us to one person rather than another.
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ืฉืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ืื“ื ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืืœ ืื—ืจ.
14:24
So, I will close with this.
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ืื– ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื”. ืืœื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™.
14:27
These are my older people.
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14:30
Faulkner said, "The past is not dead, it's not even past."
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ืคื•ืงื ืจ ืืžืจ ืคืขื: "ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืช,
ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจ."
ืื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืžื ื• ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืจื‘
14:35
Indeed, we carry a lot of luggage from our yesteryear in the human brain.
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื•, ืžื™ืžื™ื-ื™ืžื™ืžื”.
14:40
And so, there's one thing that makes me pursue my understanding of human nature,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“
ืฉื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
14:48
and this reminds me of it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื•.
14:50
These are two women.
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ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื.
14:51
Women tend to get intimacy differently than men do.
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ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
14:54
Women get intimacy from face-to-face talking.
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ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื—ื” ืคื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคื ื™ื.
ืื ื• ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืืœ ื–ื•,
14:57
We swivel towards each other,
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14:58
we do what we call the "anchoring gaze" and we talk.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืžื‘ื˜ ืขื•ื’ืŸ", ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื•ืช.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
15:03
This is intimacy to women.
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15:04
I think it comes from millions of years
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื
ืฉืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื™ืš,
15:06
of holding that baby in front of your face,
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ื•ืœืฉื“ืœ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื—ื ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืœื™ื.
15:08
cajoling it, reprimanding it, educating it with words.
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฆื“-ืœืฆื“,
15:12
Men tend to get intimacy from side-by-side doing.
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:15
As soon as one guy looks up, the other guy will look away.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืจื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื•, ืžืคื ื” ื’ื ื”ืื—ืจ ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื•.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:19
(Laughter)
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15:20
I think it comes from millions of years sitting behind the bush,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื
ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืื• ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—,
15:25
looking straight ahead, trying to hit that buffalo on the head with a rock.
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ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ื,
ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื• ื‘ืื‘ืŸ.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:30
I think, for millions of years, men faced their enemies,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘,
ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฆื“-ื‘ืฆื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
15:33
they sat side-by-side with friends.
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15:35
So my final statement is: love is in us.
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ืื– ืœืกื™ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช: ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ื—.
15:40
It's deeply embedded in the brain.
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15:42
Our challenge is to understand each other.
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ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื•ืชื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:45
Thank you.
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
15:46
(Applause)
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Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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