What happens when you have a disease doctors can't diagnose | Jennifer Brea

934,192 views ใƒป 2017-01-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Michal Shargil Ben Sira
00:17
Hi.
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ื”ื™ื™.
00:19
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
00:20
[Jennifer Brea is sound-sensitive.
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[ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจืื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฆืœื™ืœื™ื.
00:22
The live audience was asked to applaud ASL-style, in silence.]
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ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืงื˜, ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื.]
00:25
So, five years ago, this was me.
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ืื– ื–ืืช ืื ื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:29
I was a PhD student at Harvard,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“,
00:31
and I loved to travel.
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ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ.
00:34
I had just gotten engaged to marry the love of my life.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืืจืกืชื™ ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™.
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 28, ื•ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
00:39
I was 28, and like so many of us when we are in good health,
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื—ืช.
00:43
I felt like I was invincible.
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00:46
Then one day I had a fever of 104.7 degrees.
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ื•ืื– ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ืฉืœ 40.4 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
00:50
I probably should have gone to the doctor,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื•ืคื,
00:52
but I'd never really been sick in my life,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื•ืœื”,
00:55
and I knew that usually, if you have a virus,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
00:57
you stay home and you make some chicken soup,
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ืืช ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืžืจืง ืขื•ืฃ,
01:00
and in a few days, everything will be fine.
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:04
But this time it wasn't fine.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:07
After the fever broke,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื ื™ืจื“,
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›"ื› ืžืกื•ื—ืจืจืช, ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.
01:09
for three weeks I was so dizzy, I couldn't leave my house.
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01:13
I would walk straight into door frames.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืžืฉืงื•ืคื™ ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช.
01:16
I had to hug the walls just to make it to the bathroom.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
01:20
That spring I got infection after infection,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ืคืชื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืื—ืจื™ ื“ืœืงืช,
01:23
and every time I went to the doctor,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืจื•ืคื,
01:25
he said there was absolutely nothing wrong.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:29
He had his laboratory tests,
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ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
01:31
which always came back normal.
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื–ืจื• ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช.
01:33
All I had were my symptoms,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™,
01:35
which I could describe,
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ืื•ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืชืืจ,
01:37
but no one else can see.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ืจืื”.
01:41
I know it sounds silly,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™,
01:42
but you have to find a way to explain things like this to yourself,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
01:45
and so I thought maybe I was just aging.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ื“ืงื ืช.
ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 25.
01:50
Maybe this is what it's like to be on the other side of 25.
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01:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:56
Then the neurological symptoms started.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
01:59
Sometimes I would find that I couldn't draw the right side of a circle.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ืฆื“ื• ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขื’ืœ.
02:04
Other times I wouldn't be able to speak or move at all.
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ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
02:10
I saw every kind of specialist:
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืืคืฉืจื™:
ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืจื•ืคืื™ ืขื•ืจ, ืื ื“ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
02:12
infectious disease doctors, dermatologists, endocrinologists,
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02:15
cardiologists.
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ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
02:16
I even saw a psychiatrist.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ.
02:19
My psychiatrist said, "It's clear you're really sick,
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ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ืืžืจ, "ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืช ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืœื”,
02:22
but not with anything psychiatric.
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"ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™.
"ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืชืš."
02:26
I hope they can find out what's wrong with you."
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ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ ืื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืคืจืขืช ื”ืžืจื”.
02:30
The next day, my neurologist diagnosed me with conversion disorder.
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02:34
He told me that everything --
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ --
02:37
the fevers, the sore throats, the sinus infection,
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ื”ื—ื•ื, ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
02:40
all of the gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiac symptoms --
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ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืืกื˜ืจื•, ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช --
02:44
were being caused by some distant emotional trauma
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื’ืจืžื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื”
02:47
that I could not remember.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ.
ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
02:50
The symptoms were real, he said,
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02:52
but they had no biological cause.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
02:56
I was training to be a social scientist.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”, ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช,
02:59
I had studied statistics, probability theory,
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03:02
mathematical modeling, experimental design.
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ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ ืืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™.
03:07
I felt like I couldn't just reject my neurologist's diagnosis.
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03:11
It didn't feel true,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
03:13
but I knew from my training that the truth is often counterintuitive,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื”ื›ืฉืจืชื™, ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืžืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”,
03:17
so easily obscured by what we want to believe.
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ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ.
03:20
So I had to consider the possibility that he was right.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง.
03:25
That day, I ran a small experiment.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
03:28
I walked back the two miles from my neurologist's office to my house,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืง"ืž ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ ืœื‘ื™ืชื™,
03:33
my legs wrapped in this strange, almost electric kind of pain.
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ืจื’ืœื™ ืขื˜ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
03:38
I meditated on that pain,
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ื”ืจื”ืจืชื™ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
ืฉืงืœืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
03:40
contemplating how my mind could have possibly generated all this.
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03:45
As soon as I walked through the door,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ื‘ื“ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
03:47
I collapsed.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ืชื™.
03:48
My brain and my spinal cord were burning.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ื•ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืจืคื•.
03:52
My neck was so stiff I couldn't touch my chin to my chest,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›"ื› ื ื•ืงืฉื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื’ืขืช ืขื ื”ืกื ื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ื”,
03:57
and the slightest sound --
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ --
ืจืฉืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื,
03:59
the rustling of the sheets,
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04:00
my husband walking barefoot in the next room --
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฆื•ืขื“ ื™ื—ืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ --
04:03
could cause excruciating pain.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื›ืื‘.
04:07
I would spend most of the next two years in bed.
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ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื”.
04:11
How could my doctor have gotten it so wrong?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš?
04:14
I thought I had a rare disease,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื ื“ื™ืจื”,
ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื•.
04:17
something doctors had never seen.
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04:19
And then I went online
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ื•ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
04:21
and found thousands of people all over the world
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04:23
living with the same symptoms,
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื,
ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
04:26
similarly isolated,
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04:27
similarly disbelieved.
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ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื.
04:29
Some could still work,
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ื—ืœืงื ื™ื›ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื”,
04:31
but had to spend their evenings and weekends in bed,
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04:33
just so they could show up the next Monday.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
04:36
On the other end of the spectrum,
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆืฃ,
04:38
some were so sick
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ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
04:40
they had to live in complete darkness,
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช,
04:42
unable to tolerate the sound of a human voice
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ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™,
04:45
or the touch of a loved one.
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ืื• ืžื’ืข ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื”ื•ื‘.
04:49
I was diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืขื ืžื™ื™ืœื’ื™'ืง ืื ืฆืคืœื•ืžื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืก (ME).
04:54
You've probably heard it called "chronic fatigue syndrome."
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ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื "ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช".
04:58
For decades, that's a name
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
05:00
that's meant that this
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ืชื”
ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™
05:03
has been the dominant image
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05:04
of a disease that can be as serious as this.
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ืœืžื—ืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื•.
05:09
The key symptom we all share
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ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•
ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• -- ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช --
05:11
is that whenever we exert ourselves -- physically, mentally --
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05:15
we pay and we pay hard.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ.
05:17
If my husband goes for a run, he might be sore for a couple of days.
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ืื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืจื™ืฆื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ืื‘ ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื.
05:21
If I try to walk half a block, I might be bedridden for a week.
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ืื ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืœื›ืช ืืคื™ืœื• 50 ืžื˜ืจ, ืื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืชื•ืงื” ืœืžื™ื˜ื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข.
05:25
It is a perfect custom prison.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœื ื”ืชืคื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื”.
05:28
I know ballet dancers who can't dance,
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืจืงื“ื ื™ ื‘ืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืงื•ื“,
ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘,
05:31
accountants who can't add,
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05:33
medical students who never became doctors.
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื.
05:36
It doesn't matter what you once were;
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ --
ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:39
you can't do it anymore.
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05:41
It's been four years,
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ืขื‘ืจื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
05:43
and I've still never been as well as I was
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ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™
ื“ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฆืขื“ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’.
05:46
the minute before I walked home from my neurologist's office.
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05:50
It's estimated that about 15 to 30 million people around the world
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ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจืš 15-30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
05:53
have this disease.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:55
In the US, where I'm from, it's about one million people.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืžืฉื ื”ื’ืขืชื™, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ.
05:58
That makes it roughly twice as common as multiple sclerosis.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
06:03
Patients can live for decades with the physical function
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ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื’ื•ืคื ื™
06:06
of someone with congestive heart failure.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืขื ืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ืœื‘.
06:09
Twenty-five percent of us are homebound or bedridden,
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25% ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืœืžื™ื˜ื”,
06:12
and 75 to 85 percent of us can't even work part-time.
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš 75-85% ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช.
06:17
Yet doctors do not treat us
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•,
ื•ื”ืžื“ืข ืœื ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื•ืชื ื•.
06:20
and science does not study us.
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื•ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช
06:23
How could a disease this common and this devastating
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06:27
have been forgotten by medicine?
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ื ืฉื›ื—ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”?
06:31
When my doctor diagnosed me with conversion disorder,
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ื›ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื™ ืื‘ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืขื ื”ืคืจืขืช ื”ืžืจื”,
06:33
he was invoking a lineage of ideas about women's bodies
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืžืฅ ืจืฆืฃ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื,
06:36
that are over 2,500 years old.
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ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืœ ืœ-2,500 ืฉื ื”.
06:39
The Roman physician Galen thought
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ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืจื•ืžื™ ื’ึธืœึถื ื•ึนืก
06:40
that hysteria was caused by sexual deprivation
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ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื ื’ืจืžืช ืžื—ืกืš ืžื™ื ื™
06:43
in particularly passionate women.
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ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ืžืœืื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ืจื—ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ
06:47
The Greeks thought the uterus would literally dry up
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06:49
and wander around the body in search of moisture,
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ื•ื™ื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ื•ืช,
06:52
pressing on internal organs --
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื --
06:54
yes --
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ื›ืŸ --
06:56
causing symptoms from extreme emotions
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ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
06:59
to dizziness and paralysis.
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ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืง.
07:02
The cure was marriage and motherhood.
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ื”ืžืจืคื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืืžื”ื•ืช.
07:06
These ideas went largely unchanged for several millennia until the 1880s,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื”, ืขื“ 1880,
07:11
when neurologists tried to modernize the theory of hysteria.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”.
07:15
Sigmund Freud developed a theory
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ื–ื™ื’ืžื•ื ื“ ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ืคื™ืชื— ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”
07:17
that the unconscious mind could produce physical symptoms
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ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
07:20
when dealing with memories or emotions
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
07:22
too painful for the conscious mind to handle.
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ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื.
07:24
It converted these emotions into physical symptoms.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
07:29
This meant that men could now get hysteria,
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ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”,
07:31
but of course women were still the most susceptible.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช.
07:35
When I began investigating the history of my own disease,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื™,
ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืง.
07:39
I was amazed to find how deep these ideas still run.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1934,
07:43
In 1934,
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07:44
198 doctors, nurses and staff at the Los Angeles County General Hospital
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198 ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื’ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก,
ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
07:49
became seriously ill.
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07:50
They had muscle weakness, stiffness in the neck and back, fevers --
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื‘, ื—ื•ื --
ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืฉืื•ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
07:55
all of the same symptoms I had when I first got diagnosed.
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07:58
Doctors thought it was a new form of polio.
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ื–ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
ืžืื–, ืชื•ืขื“ื• ืขื•ื“ 70 ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช
08:02
Since then, there have been more than 70 outbreaks documented
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
08:05
around the world,
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08:06
of a strikingly similar post-infectious disease.
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ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.
08:09
All of these outbreaks have tended to disproportionately affect women,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืคืจื•ืคืจื•ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื,
08:13
and in time, when doctors failed to find the one cause of the disease,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืœื”,
08:17
they thought that these outbreaks were mass hysteria.
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ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช.
ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ?
08:21
Why has this idea had such staying power?
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08:25
I do think it has to do with sexism,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืกืงืกื™ื–ื,
08:27
but I also think that fundamentally, doctors want to help.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
08:30
They want to know the answer,
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,
08:32
and this category allows doctors to treat what would otherwise be untreatable,
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ื•ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
08:37
to explain illnesses that have no explanation.
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ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืกื‘ืจ.
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื–ืง ืืžื™ืชื™.
08:41
The problem is that this can cause real harm.
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08:44
In the 1950s, a psychiatrist named Eliot Slater
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50, ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ื•ื˜ ืกืœื™ื™ื˜ืจ
ื—ืงืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ 85 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”.
08:48
studied a cohort of 85 patients who had been diagnosed with hysteria.
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08:52
Nine years later, 12 of them were dead and 30 had become disabled.
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ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, 12 ืžื”ื ืžืชื• ื•-30 ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื ื›ื™ื.
08:56
Many had undiagnosed conditions like multiple sclerosis,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”,
09:00
epilepsy, brain tumors.
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ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:03
In 1980, hysteria was officially renamed "conversion disorder."
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ื‘-1980, ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ืกื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืœ"ื”ืคืจืขืช ื”ืžืจื”".
09:07
When my neurologist gave me that diagnosis in 2012,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ ืื‘ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืš ื‘-2012,
09:10
he was echoing Freud's words verbatim,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื“,
09:13
and even today,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ื,
09:14
women are 2 to 10 times more likely to receive that diagnosis.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืคื™ 2-10 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
09:20
The problem with the theory of hysteria or psychogenic illness
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ืื• ืžื—ืœื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื’ื ื™ืช,
09:24
is that it can never be proven.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชืŸ.
09:26
It is by definition the absence of evidence,
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ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช,
09:30
and in the case of ME,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ME,
09:31
psychological explanations have held back biological research.
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ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืขื™ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
09:35
All around the world, ME is one of the least funded diseases.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ME ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื•ืช.
09:39
In the US, we spend each year roughly 2,500 dollars per AIDS patient,
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 2,500 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
09:46
250 dollars per MS patient
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250 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”,
ืื‘ืœ ืจืง 5 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ME.
09:50
and just 5 dollars per year per ME patient.
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืžื›ืช ื‘ืจืง.
09:54
This was not just lightning.
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09:56
I was not just unlucky.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื–ืœ.
09:58
The ignorance surrounding my disease has been a choice,
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ื”ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
10:01
a choice made by the institutions that were supposed to protect us.
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
10:07
We don't know why ME sometimes runs in families,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœ-ME ื“ืคื•ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™,
10:10
why you can get it after almost any infection,
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ืœืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื,
10:12
from enteroviruses to Epstein-Barr virus to Q fever,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืžืขื™ื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ-ื‘ืจ, ื•ืขื“ ืงื“ื—ืช ืงื™ื•,
ืื• ืœืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืคื™ 2-3 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:17
or why it affects women at two to three times the rate of men.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื™.
10:21
This issue is much bigger than just my disease.
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10:24
When I first got sick,
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ื›ืฉืจืง ื—ืœื™ืชื™,
10:25
old friends were reaching out to me.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื™ ืงืฉืจ.
10:28
I soon found myself a part of a cohort of women in their late 20s
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20,
10:31
whose bodies were falling apart.
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ืฉื’ื•ืคืŸ ืžืชืคืจืง.
ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื”
10:34
What was striking was just how much trouble we were having
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10:36
being taken seriously.
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ืฉื™ืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
10:38
I learned of one woman with scleroderma,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืขื ืกืงืœืจื•ื“ืจืžื”,
10:40
an autoimmune connective tissue disease,
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ืžื—ืœื” ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
10:42
who was told for years that it was all in her head.
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ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื”.
10:45
Between the time of onset and diagnosis,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื ื”,
10:47
her esophagus was so thoroughly damaged,
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ื”ื•ึตืฉืึถื˜ ืฉืœื” ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”,
10:50
she will never be able to eat again.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:52
Another woman with ovarian cancer,
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ืœืืฉื” ืื—ืจืช ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื,
10:55
who for years was told that it was just early menopause.
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ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
10:59
A friend from college,
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
11:00
whose brain tumor was misdiagnosed for years as anxiety.
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ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ื—ืจื“ื”.
11:06
Here's why this worries me:
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ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™?
ื›ื™ ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉื™ืขื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
11:09
since the 1950s, rates of many autoimmune diseases
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11:12
have doubled to tripled.
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ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ ื•ืืฃ ืฉื•ืœืฉ.
11:14
Forty-five percent of patients who are eventually diagnosed
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ืœ-45% ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื
11:17
with a recognized autoimmune disease
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ืขื ืžื—ืœื” ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช,
11:19
are initially told they're hypochondriacs.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื.
11:22
Like the hysteria of old, this has everything to do with gender
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื, ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื’ื“ืจ,
11:25
and with whose stories we believe.
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ื•ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื.
11:28
Seventy-five percent of autoimmune disease patients are women,
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75% ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื,
11:32
and in some diseases, it's as high as 90 percent.
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ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• 90%.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชื•ืงืคื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™,
11:37
Even though these diseases disproportionately affect women,
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11:39
they are not women's diseases.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื.
11:41
ME affects children and ME affects millions of men.
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ME ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:45
And as one patient told me,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื™ ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื—ื“,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ --
11:47
we get it coming and going --
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11:48
if you're a woman, you're told you're exaggerating your symptoms,
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ืื ืืช ืืฉื”, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš ืฉืืช ืžื’ื–ื™ืžื” ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœืš,
11:52
but if you're a guy, you're told to be strong, to buck up.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื’ื‘ืจ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง, ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ.
11:56
And men may even have a more difficult time getting diagnosed.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื‘ื—ื ื”.
12:09
My brain is not what it used to be.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”.
12:25
Here's the good part:
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘:
12:28
despite everything, I still have hope.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ื”.
12:31
So many diseases were once thought of as psychological
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
12:35
until science uncovered their biological mechanisms.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
12:39
Patients with epilepsy could be forcibly institutionalized
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ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” ืื•ืฉืคื–ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—,
12:42
until the EEG was able to measure abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
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ืขื“ ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื"ื’ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื.
12:47
Multiple sclerosis could be misdiagnosed as hysterical paralysis
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ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™,
12:51
until the CAT scan and the MRI discovered brain lesions.
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ืขื“ ืฉืกืงื™ืจื•ืช CT ืื• MRI ื’ื™ืœื• ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.
12:55
And recently, we used to think
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ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื•ืœืงื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจืง ืžืœื—ืฅ,
12:57
that stomach ulcers were just caused by stress,
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13:00
until we discovered that H. pylori was the culprit.
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ืขื“ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืืฉื ื”ื•ื ื”ึถืœึดื™ืงื•ึนื‘ึทึผืงึฐื˜ึถืจ ืคึดึผื™ืœื•ึนืจึดื™.
13:04
ME has never benefited from the kind of science
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ME ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื“ืข
13:07
that other diseases have had,
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ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื–ื›ื• ืœื•,
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
13:10
but that's starting to change.
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13:12
In Germany, scientists are starting to find evidence of autoimmunity,
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ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
13:16
and in Japan, of brain inflammation.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืœืงืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช.
13:19
In the US, scientists at Stanford are finding abnormalities
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช
13:22
in energy metabolism
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ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™
13:24
that are 16 standard deviations away from normal.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 16 ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืŸ ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื”.
13:28
And in Norway, researchers are running a phase-3 clinical trial
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื”, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ 3
13:32
on a cancer drug that in some patients causes complete remission.
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ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืœืื”.
13:37
What also gives me hope
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ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ื”
13:40
is the resilience of patients.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื.
13:43
Online we came together,
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ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืจืฉืช,
13:46
and we shared our stories.
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ื•ืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
13:49
We devoured what research there was.
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ื˜ืจืคื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื.
13:52
We experimented on ourselves.
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ื”ืชื ืกื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•.
13:55
We became our own scientists and our own doctors
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื•ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•,
13:57
because we had to be.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.
14:00
And slowly I added five percent here, five percent there,
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ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ 5% ื›ืืŸ, 5% ืฉื,
ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘,
14:04
until eventually, on a good day,
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14:06
I was able to leave my home.
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
14:09
I still had to make ridiculous choices:
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ื•ืช:
14:12
Will I sit in the garden for 15 minutes, or will I wash my hair today?
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ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” 15 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืœื—ืคื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ?
14:16
But it gave me hope that I could be treated.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™.
14:19
I had a sick body; that was all.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืœื”, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
14:22
And with the right kind of help, maybe one day I could get better.
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ื•ืขื ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:27
I came together with patients around the world,
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
14:31
and we started to fight.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื.
14:33
We have filled the void with something wonderful,
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ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืคืœื,
14:37
but it is not enough.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
14:40
I still don't know if I will ever be able to run again,
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื•ืฅ,
14:44
or walk at any distance,
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ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘,
14:46
or do any of those kinetic things that I now only get to do in my dreams.
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ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขื“ ื›ื”.
14:51
But I am so grateful for how far I have come.
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14:55
Progress is slow,
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ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื˜ื™ืช,
14:57
and it is up
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•ืช,
14:59
and it is down,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช,
15:01
but I am getting a little better each day.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืคืจืช ืงืฆืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืงื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”,
15:06
I remember what it was like when I was stuck in that bedroom,
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15:10
when it had been months since I had seen the sun.
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
15:15
I thought that I would die there.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืžื•ืช ืฉื.
15:18
But here I am today,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
15:21
with you,
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ืื™ืชื›ื,
15:23
and that is a miracle.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืก.
15:28
I don't know what would have happened had I not been one of the lucky ones,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื™,
15:32
had I gotten sick before the internet,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
15:34
had I not found my community.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™.
15:37
I probably would have already taken my own life,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืื‘ื“ืช,
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:41
as so many others have done.
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
15:44
How many lives could we have saved, decades ago,
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15:47
if we had asked the right questions?
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช?
15:50
How many lives could we save today
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื
15:53
if we decide to make a real start?
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ืื ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš?
15:57
Even once the true cause of my disease is discovered,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ื’ืœื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื™,
16:00
if we don't change our institutions and our culture,
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ืื ืœื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
16:04
we will do this again to another disease.
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ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื ืžื—ืœื” ืื—ืจืช.
16:07
Living with this illness has taught me
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™
16:09
that science and medicine are profoundly human endeavors.
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ืฉืžื“ืข ื•ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช
16:13
Doctors, scientists and policy makers
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16:15
are not immune to the same biases
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ืื™ื ื ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช
16:19
that affect all of us.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
16:23
We need to think in more nuanced ways about women's health.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืฉื”.
ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื“ื” ืงืจื‘ ืœืฉื™ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
16:27
Our immune systems are just as much a battleground for equality
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16:31
as the rest of our bodies.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
16:33
We need to listen to patients' stories,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื,
16:36
and we need to be willing to say, "I don't know."
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข".
"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข" ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืคื”ืคื”.
16:40
"I don't know" is a beautiful thing.
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16:43
"I don't know" is where discovery starts.
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข" ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”.
16:47
And if we can do that,
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ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
16:49
if we can approach the great vastness of all that we do not know,
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
ื•ืื–, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื—ื“ ืžืื™ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช,
16:53
and then, rather than fear uncertainty,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืื”.
16:55
maybe we can greet it with a sense of wonder.
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16:58
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:04
Thank you.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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