A young scientist's quest for clean water | Deepika Kurup

117,601 views ใƒป 2017-02-17

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Every summer, my family and I travel across the world,
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ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฅ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:17
3,000 miles away
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5000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ
00:19
to the culturally diverse country of India.
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ื”ื•ื“ื•.
00:22
Now, India is a country infamous for its scorching heat and humidity.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืœื—ื•ืช.
00:27
For me, the only relief from this heat is to drink plenty of water.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื”ื—ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื”.
00:32
Now, while in India,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
00:34
my parents always remind me to only drink boiled or bottled water,
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ื”ื•ืจื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืจืง ืžื™ื ืจืชื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ืžื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื,
00:39
because unlike here in America,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
00:41
where I can just turn on a tap and easily get clean, potable water,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื– ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”,
00:46
in India, the water is often contaminated.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื.
00:49
So my parents have to make sure
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ืื– ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื
00:51
that the water we drink is safe.
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ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืชื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
00:54
However, I soon realized
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
00:56
that not everyone is fortunate enough
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ืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื–ืœ
00:59
to enjoy the clean water we did.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
01:02
Outside my grandparents' house in the busy streets of India,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•,
01:07
I saw people standing in long lines
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื
01:09
under the hot sun
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ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืงื•ืคื—ืช
01:11
filling buckets with water from a tap.
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ืžืžืœืื™ื ื“ืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืจื–.
01:15
I even saw children,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
01:17
who looked the same age as me,
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ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™,
01:19
filling up these clear plastic bottles
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ืžืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
01:22
with dirty water from streams on the roadside.
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ืขื ืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ืžื ื—ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
01:26
Watching these kids
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ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
01:28
forced to drink water
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ืฉื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื
01:30
that I felt was too dirty to touch
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ืฉื ืจืื• ืœื™ ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื’ืข,
01:33
changed my perspective on the world.
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ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:36
This unacceptable social injustice
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ืื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืงื‘ืœ
01:40
compelled me to want to find a solution
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
01:43
to our world's clean water problem.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
01:46
I wanted to know why these kids lacked water,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ืžื™ื,
01:49
a substance that is essential for life.
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ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:52
And I learned that we are facing
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื
01:55
a global water crisis.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
01:58
Now, this may seem surprising,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืžืคืชื™ืข,
02:00
as 75 percent of our planet is covered in water,
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ืฉื”ืจื™ 75 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืžื™ื,
02:04
but only 2.5 percent of that is freshwater,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง 2.5 ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื,
02:08
and less than one percent of Earth's freshwater supply
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:12
is available for human consumption.
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ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื“ื.
02:15
With rising populations,
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ืขื ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ,
02:17
industrial development and economic growth,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
02:20
our demand for clean water is increasing,
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ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื”,
02:23
yet our freshwater resources are rapidly depleting.
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ืืš ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
02:27
According to the World Health Organization,
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ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
02:30
660 million people in our world
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660 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:34
lack access to a clean water source.
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ื—ืกืจื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
02:37
Lack of access to clean water is a leading cause of death
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ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืชื”
02:41
in children under the age of five in developing countries,
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ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 5 ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
02:44
and UNICEF estimates that 3,000 children
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UNICEF ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ 3000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื
02:47
die every day from a water-related disease.
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ืžืชื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืžื—ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ื.
02:52
So after returning home one summer in eighth grade,
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืชื” ื—ืณ,
02:55
I decided that I wanted to combine my passion
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™
02:58
for solving the global water crisis
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ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
03:00
with my interest in science.
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ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื“ืข.
03:03
So I decided that the best thing to do
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
03:05
would be to convert my garage into a laboratory.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืš ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
03:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:12
Actually, at first I converted my kitchen into a laboratory,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
03:16
but my parents didn't really approve and kicked me out.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื™ืฉืจื•, ื•ื’ื™ืจืฉื• ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
03:21
I also read a lot of journal papers on water-related research,
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ื’ื ืงืจืืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
03:25
and I learned that currently in developing countries,
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
03:28
something called solar disinfection,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืกื•ืœืืจื™,
03:31
or SODIS, is used to purify water.
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ืื• SODIS, ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื™ื.
03:34
In SODIS, clear plastic bottles are filled with contaminated water
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ื‘-SODIS, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื
03:39
and then exposed to sunlight for six to eight hours.
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ื•ืื– ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืฉืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช.
03:43
The UV radiation from the sun
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ืงืจื™ื ืช ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกื’ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ
03:45
destroys the DNA of these harmful pathogens
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ืžืฉืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”-DNA ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:48
and decontaminates the water.
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ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื.
03:51
Now, while SODIS is really easy to use and energy-efficient,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืขื•ื“ SODIS ื‘ืืžืช ืงืœื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช,
03:55
as it only uses solar energy,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ืจืง ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช,
03:57
it's really slow,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื˜ื™,
03:59
as it can take up to two days when it's cloudy.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืขื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืฉืžืขื•ื ืŸ.
04:02
So in order to make the SODIS process faster,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš SODIS,
04:05
this new method called photocatalysis
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื–ื.
04:09
has recently been used.
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04:11
So what exactly is this photocatalysis?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื–ื?
04:14
Let's break it down:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืจืง ืืช ื–ื”:
04:15
"photo" means from the sun,
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"ืคื•ื˜ื•" ืžืฉืžืขื• ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ,
04:17
and a catalyst is something that speeds up a reaction.
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ื•ื”ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
04:20
So what photocatalysis is doing
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืขื•ืฉื”
04:23
is it's just speeding up this solar disinfection process.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
04:27
When sunlight comes in and strikes a photocatalyst,
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ื›ืฉืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜,
04:30
like TiO2, or titanium dioxide,
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ื›ืžื• TiO2, ืื• ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื,
04:34
it creates these really reactive oxygen species,
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ,
04:37
like superoxides, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals.
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ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืคืจ ืื•ืงืกื™ื“ื™ื, ืžื™ ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื•ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืงืกื™ืœ.
04:42
These reactive oxygen species
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ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:44
are able to remove bacteria and organics
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื
04:47
and a whole lot of contaminants from drinking water.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืžืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื”.
04:51
But unfortunately, there are several disadvantages
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช
04:54
to the way photocatalytic SODIS is currently deployed.
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ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘- SODIS ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™.
04:59
See, what they do is they take the clear plastic bottles
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
05:02
and they coat the inside with this photocatalytic coating.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื˜ื™.
05:07
But photocatalysts like titanium dioxide
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื
05:10
are actually commonly used in sunscreens
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ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื ื”ื’ื ื”
05:13
to block UV radiation.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืงืจื™ื ืช UV.
05:15
So when they're coated on the inside of these bottles,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:18
they're actually blocking some of the UV radiation
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืกืžื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงืจื™ื ืช ื”-UV
05:20
and diminishing the efficiency of the process.
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ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
05:24
Also, these photocatalytic coatings
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื˜ื™
05:26
are not tightly bound to the plastic bottle,
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ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง,
05:29
which means they wash off, and people end up drinking the catalyst.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื ืฉื˜ืคื™ื, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
05:34
While TiO2 is safe and inert,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ TiO2 ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืœื ืคืขื™ืœ,
05:37
it's really inefficient if you keep drinking the catalyst,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ ืื ืืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜,
05:39
because then you have to continue to replenish it,
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื•,
05:42
even after a few uses.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื.
05:44
So my goal was to overcome the disadvantages
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ืื– ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
05:47
of these current treatment methods
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช,
05:49
and create a safe, sustainable,
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช,
05:51
cost-effective and eco-friendly method of purifying water.
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ื–ื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžื™ื.
05:56
What started off as an eighth grade science fair project
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื—',
06:00
is now my photocatalytic composite for water purification.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ืคื•ื˜ื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžื™ื.
06:05
The composite combines titanium dioxide with cement.
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ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื ืขื ื“ื‘ืง.
06:09
The cement-like composite can be formed into several different shapes,
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ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ ืœื›ืžื” ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
06:13
which results in an extremely versatile range of deployment methods.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืฆื”.
06:17
For example, you could create a rod
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื˜
06:20
that can easily be placed inside water bottles for individual use
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืงื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™,
06:24
or you could create a porous filter that can filter water for families.
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ืื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช.
06:29
You can even coat the inside of an existing water tank
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ืงื™ื™ื,
06:33
to purify larger amounts of water
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
06:34
for communities over a longer period of time.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:39
Now, over the course of this,
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ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ.
06:41
my journey hasn't really been easy.
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06:43
You know, I didn't have access to a sophisticated laboratory.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช.
06:47
I was 14 years old when I started,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 14 ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™,
06:50
but I didn't let my age deter me
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ืชืชื™ ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™
06:53
in my interest in pursuing scientific research
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ื‘ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื“ืขื™
06:56
and wanting to solve the global water crisis.
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
06:59
See, water isn't just the universal solvent.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•, ืžื™ื ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืžึตืžึตืก ืขื•ืœืžื™.
07:03
Water is a universal human right.
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ืžื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
07:06
And for that reason,
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ื•ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•,
07:08
I'm continuing to work on this science fair project from 2012
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื–ื” ืž-2012
07:12
to bring it from the laboratory into the real world.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:15
And this summer, I founded Catalyst for World Water,
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ื•ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื™ืกื“ืชื™ ืืช ืงื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ ืœืžื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื,
07:19
a social enterprise aimed at catalyzing solutions to the global water crisis.
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ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ืจื•ื– ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
07:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:32
Alone, a single drop of water can't do much,
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ืœื‘ื“, ื˜ื™ืคืช ืžื™ื ืื—ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”,
07:36
but when many drops come together,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช,
07:38
they can sustain life on our planet.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
07:42
Just as water drops come together to form oceans,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
07:45
I believe that we all must come together
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“
07:48
when tackling this global problem.
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ื›ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
07:50
Thank you.
141
470900
1216
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
07:52
(Applause)
142
472140
2000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:55
Thank you.
143
475660
1336
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
07:57
(Applause)
144
477020
1498
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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