Alex Laskey: How behavioral science can lower your energy bill

130,128 views ใƒป 2013-06-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Karine Jospe ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
How many of you have checked your email today?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื?
00:15
Come on, raise your hands.
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ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
00:17
How many of you are checking it right now?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืจื’ืข?
00:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:20
And how about finances? Anybody check that today?
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ืžื” ืขื ื›ืœื›ืœื”? ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื?
00:23
Credit card, investment account?
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ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™, ืชื™ืง ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช?
00:25
How about this week?
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ืžื” ืขื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข?
00:29
Now, how about your household energy use?
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ืžื” ืขื ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื›ื?
00:32
Anybody check that today?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื?
00:34
This week? Last week?
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ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข? ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ?
00:38
A few energy geeks spread out across the room.
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื.
00:41
It's good to see you guys.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืชื›ื ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”.
00:44
But the rest of us -- this is a room filled with people
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ... ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ืื ืฉื™ื
00:47
who are passionate about the future of this planet,
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ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:50
and even we aren't paying attention
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื
00:52
to the energy use that's driving climate change.
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ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
00:55
The woman in the photo with me is Harriet.
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืชื™ ื–ื• ื”ืจื™ื™ื˜.
00:58
We met her on our first family vacation.
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ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:00
Harriet's paying attention to her energy use,
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ื”ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”,
01:03
and she is decidedly not an energy geek.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื—ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:05
This is the story of how Harriet came to pay attention.
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘.
01:11
This is coal,
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ื–ื” ืคื—ื,
01:13
the most common source of electricity on the planet,
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ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:16
and there's enough energy in this coal
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคื—ื ื”ื–ื”
01:19
to light this bulb for more than a year.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”.
01:23
But unfortunately, between here and here,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื” ืœืฉื,
01:25
most of that energy is lost to things
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ืจื‘ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•
01:27
like transmission leakage and heat.
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ื“ืœื™ืคืช ืชืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ื—ื•ื
01:30
In fact, only 10 percent ends up as light.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืง 10% ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืจ.
01:33
So this coal will last a little bit more than a month.
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
01:37
If you wanted to light this bulb for a year,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืฉื ื”,
01:40
you'd need this much coal.
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ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ื.
01:45
The bad news here is that, for every unit of energy we use,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
01:48
we waste nine.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืชืฉืข
01:50
That means there's good news,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
01:52
because for every unit of energy we save,
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ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื,
01:54
we save the other nine.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
01:58
So the question is, how can we get the people in this room
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื: ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื
ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
02:03
and across the globe to start paying attention
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ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื ื”
02:06
to the energy we're using,
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02:08
and start wasting less of it?
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02:11
The answer comes from a behavioral science experiment
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืžื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื—ื ืื—ื“
02:13
that was run one hot summer, 10 years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืจืง 140 ืง"ืž ืžื›ืืŸ
02:17
and only 90 miles from here,
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ื‘ืกืŸ ืžืจืงื•ืก ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
02:19
in San Marcos, California.
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ืชืœื• ืฉืœื˜ื™ื
02:22
Graduate students put signs on every door in a neighborhood,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืœืช ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืื ืฉื™ื
02:25
asking people to turn off their air conditioning
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ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื.
02:28
and turn on their fans.
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02:30
One quarter of the homes received a message that said,
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ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉืœื˜ ืฉืืžืจ
02:32
did you know you could save 54 dollars a month this summer?
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"ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš $54 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื™ืฅ?
02:34
Turn off your air conditioning, turn on your fans.
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ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื."
02:36
Another group got an environmental message.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืกืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™
02:38
And still a third group got a message about
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ.
02:40
being good citizens, preventing blackouts.
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02:43
Most people guessed that money-saving message would work best of all.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื—ืฉื• ืฉื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:47
In fact, none of these messages worked.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ืขื‘ื“.
02:49
They had zero impact on energy consumption.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื 0 ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:52
It was as if the grad students hadn't shown up at all.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื.
02:56
But there was a fourth message,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ:
02:58
and this message simply said,
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03:00
"When surveyed, 77 percent of your neighbors
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"ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœื• ื‘ืกืงืจ, 77% ืžื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืืžืจื•
03:04
said that they turned off their air conditioning and turned on their fans.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
03:06
Please join them. Turn off your air conditioning
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื”ื.
ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื."
03:08
and turn on your fans."
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03:10
And wouldn't you know it, they did.
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ื•ืœื ืชืืžื™ื ื•, ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
03:12
The people who received this message
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:14
showed a marked decrease in energy consumption
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ื”ืจืื• ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
03:17
simply by being told what their neighbors were doing.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืขืฉื•.
03:20
So what does this tell us?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•?
03:22
Well, if something is inconvenient,
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื ื•ื—, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•,
03:24
even if we believe in it,
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03:26
moral suasion, financial incentives, don't do much to move us --
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ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื, ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
03:30
but social pressure, that's powerful stuff.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ืง.
03:34
And harnessed correctly, it can be a powerful force for good.
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ื•ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื— ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
03:37
In fact, it already is.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื”.
03:39
Inspired by this insight, my friend Dan Yates and I
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ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื ื™ ื™ื˜ืฅ ื•ืื ื™
03:42
started a company called Opower.
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ื”ืงืžื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช o power,
03:44
We built software and partnered with utility companies
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
03:47
who wanted to help their customers save energy.
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ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:49
We deliver personalized home energy reports
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ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
03:53
that show people how their consumption
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ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื”ื
03:54
compares to their neighbors in similar-sized homes.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื“ื•ืžื”.
03:57
Just like those effective door hangers,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื• ืฉื ืชืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช
03:59
we have people comparing themselves to their neighbors,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื”ื.
04:02
and then we give everyone targeted recommendations
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš.
04:04
to help them save.
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04:06
We started with paper, we moved to a mobile application,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื ื™ื™ื“ืช,
04:08
web, and now even a controllable thermostat,
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื ืชืจืžื•ืกื˜ื˜ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
04:11
and for the last five years we've been running
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ืœื ื•
04:13
the largest behavioral science experiment in the world.
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ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื
04:18
And it's working.
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04:19
Ordinary homeowners and renters have saved
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04:21
more than 250 million dollars on their energy bills,
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืžืขืœ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:25
and we're just getting started.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื. ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื
04:26
This year alone, in partnership with more than 80 utilities
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-80 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืฉืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
04:29
in six countries, we're going to generate
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื” ื•ื•ืื˜ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
04:32
another two terawatt hours of electricity savings.
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04:35
Now, the energy geeks in the room know two terawatt hours,
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ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื” ื•ื•ืื˜ ืฉืขื”
04:37
but for the rest of us, two terawatt hours
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื” ื•ืื˜ ืฉืขื”,
04:39
is more than enough energy to power every home
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ
ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืกื ื˜ ืœื•ืื™ืก ื•ืกื•ืœื˜ ืœื™ื™ืง ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
04:42
in St. Louis and Salt Lake City combined
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04:45
for more than a year.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”.
04:47
Two terawatt hours, it's roughly half
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ืฉืชื™ ื˜ืจื” ื•ืื˜ ืฉืขื” ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•
04:49
what the U.S. solar industry produced last year.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
04:52
And two terawatt hours? In terms of coal,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื” ื•ืื˜ ืฉืขื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืคื—ื,
04:55
we'd need to burn 34 of these wheelbarrows
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ 34 ืžืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื›ืืœื•,
04:58
every minute around the clock every day for an entire year
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ื›ืœ ื“ืงื”, ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืขื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”
05:02
to get two terawatt hours of electricity.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื” ื•ืื˜ ืฉืขื”.
05:04
And we're not burning anything.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ื›ืœื•ื.
05:06
We're just motivating people to pay attention
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ืื ื• ืจืง ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
05:07
and change their behavior.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื.
05:10
But we're just one company, and this is just
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช.
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื’ืจื“ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
05:13
scratching the surface.
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05:15
Twenty percent of the electricity in homes is wasted,
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20% ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื, ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–.
05:18
and when I say wasted, I don't mean that people have
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:20
inefficient lightbulbs. They may.
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ืื•ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื“ื•ืœืง
05:24
I mean we leave the lights on in empty rooms,
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“
05:27
and we leave the air conditioning on when nobody's home.
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ื›ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
05:30
That's 40 billion dollars a year wasted
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ื–ื” 40 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื
05:33
on electricity that does not contribute to our well-being
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ืขืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ืชื•ืจื ืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
05:36
but does contribute to climate change.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
05:39
That's 40 billion -- with a B --
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ื–ื” 40 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“! ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
05:41
every year in the U.S. alone.
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05:43
That's half our coal usage right there.
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ืจืง ื–ื”, ื—ืฆื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืคื—ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:47
Now thankfully, some of the world's best material scientists
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ืœืžื–ืœื™ื ื•, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:50
are looking to replace coal with sustainable resources
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ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืคื—ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
05:53
like these,
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื•, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™.
05:54
and this is both fantastic and essential.
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05:58
But the most overlooked resource to get us
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื–ื ื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
06:00
to a sustainable energy future, it isn't on this slide.
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
06:03
It's in this room. It's you, and it's me.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื–ื” ืืชื ื•ื–ื” ืื ื™.
06:08
And we can harness this resource
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื”,
06:11
with no new material science
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื“ืข ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ. ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
06:12
simply by applying behavioral science.
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ื‘ืžื“ืข ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช. ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื
06:16
We can do it today, we know it works,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื–ื” ื™ื—ืกื•ืš ืœื ื• ื›ืกืฃ ืžื™ื™ื“.
06:18
and it will save us money right away.
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06:21
So what are we waiting for?
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ืื– ืœืžื”/ืžื™ ืื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื?
06:24
Well, in most places, utility regulation
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
06:27
hasn't changed much since Thomas Edison.
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ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืžืื– ืชื•ืžืก ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ.
06:31
Utilities are still rewarded when their customers
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:34
waste energy.
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ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ. ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื
06:36
They ought to be rewarded for helping their customers save it.
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ืขืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
06:40
But this story is much more than about household energy use.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช
06:43
Take a look at the Prius.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืก.
06:45
It's efficient not only because Toyota invested in material science
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”
ื‘ืžื“ืข ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•
06:48
but because they invested in behavioral science.
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ื‘ืžื“ืข ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™. ืœื•ื— ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืจืื” ืœื ื”ื’
06:50
The dashboard that shows drivers how much energy
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
06:53
they're saving in real time
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06:55
makes former speed demons
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ื’ื•ืจื ืœืจื•ื“ืคื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืœื ืกื•ืข ื›ืžื•
06:56
drive more like cautious grandmothers.
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ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ืจื™ื™ื˜.
06:59
Which brings us back to Harriet.
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07:01
We met her on our first family vacation.
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ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
07:04
She came over to meet my young daughter,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™. ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื” ืžื›ืš
07:06
and she was tickled to learn that my daughter's name
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ืฉื’ื ืœื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืจื™ื™ื˜.
07:08
is also Harriet.
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07:10
She asked me what I did for a living,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“
07:11
and I told her, I work with utilities
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
07:13
to help people save energy.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
07:15
It was then that her eyes lit up.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื ืคืชื—ื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ืขืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื”:
07:17
She looked at me, and she said,
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07:19
"You're exactly the person I need to talk to.
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"ืืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื“ื ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื•.
07:21
You see, two weeks ago, my husband and I got a letter
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ืชืฉืžืข, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ
07:23
in the mail from our utility.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•,
ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:26
It told us we were using twice as much energy as our neighbors."
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07:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:32
"And for the last two weeks, all we can think about,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœื™ื•, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื•,
07:35
talk about, and even argue about,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื‘ื ื• ืืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ื 'ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:37
is what we should be doing to save energy.
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07:39
We did everything that letter told us to do,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื”?' ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:42
and still I know there must be more.
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07:45
Now I'm here with a genuine expert.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืคื” ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:47
Tell me. What should I do to save energy?"
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ืชืืžืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื”."
07:51
There are many experts who can help answer Harriet's question.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื™ื˜.
07:55
My goal is to make sure
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
07:57
we are all asking it.
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08:00
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
08:01
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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