Lesley Hazleton: A "tourist" reads the Koran

537,536 views ใƒป 2011-01-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Itai Inselberg ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื
00:16
You may have heard about the Koran's idea of paradise
0
16379
3429
ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ
00:19
being 72 virgins,
1
19832
2279
ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ 72 ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช.
ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช.
00:22
and I promise I will come back to those virgins.
2
22135
2953
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืืจื”"ื‘,
00:25
But in fact, here in the Northwest, we're living very close
3
25112
2954
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื“ ื“ื•ืžื”
00:28
to the real Koranic idea of paradise,
4
28090
2603
ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ,
00:30
defined 36 times as "gardens watered by running streams."
5
30717
5645
ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ 36 ืคืขืžื™ื
ื›"ื’ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืงื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื—ืœื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื".
00:37
Since I live on a houseboat on the running stream of Lake Union,
6
37160
4237
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืื’ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืŸ,
ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืื“.
00:41
this makes perfect sense to me.
7
41421
2222
00:43
But the thing is, how come it's news to most people?
8
43667
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”?
00:47
I know many well-intentioned non-Muslims
9
47967
2169
ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื-ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:50
who've begun reading the Koran, but given up,
10
50160
2667
ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ, ืืš ื•ื™ืชืจื•,
00:52
disconcerted by its "otherness."
11
52851
2529
ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”"ื–ืจ" ืฉื‘ื•.
ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืžืืก ืงืจืœื™ื™ืœ
00:56
The historian Thomas Carlyle considered Muhammad
12
56172
2728
ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:58
one of the world's greatest heroes,
13
58924
1976
01:00
yet even he called the Koran
14
60924
2412
ืืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ
"ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืžืชื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™,
01:03
"as toilsome reading as I ever undertook; a wearisome, confused jumble."
15
63360
5366
ื‘ืœื’ืืŸ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื•ืžืขื™ื™ืฃ."
01:08
(Laughter)
16
68750
2276
(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
01:11
Part of the problem, I think, is that we imagine
17
71050
3006
ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ
01:14
that the Koran can be read as we usually read a book --
18
74080
3656
ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ืื—ืจ -
01:17
as though we can curl up with it on a rainy afternoon
19
77760
2976
ืกืคืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื›ืจื‘ืœ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’ืฉื•ื
01:20
with a bowl of popcorn within reach,
20
80760
1976
ืขื ืงืขืจืช ืคื•ืคืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“,
01:22
as though God --
21
82760
1520
ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื -
01:24
and the Koran is entirely in the voice of God speaking to Muhammad --
22
84304
3742
ื•ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ -
ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจ.
01:28
were just another author on the best-seller list.
23
88070
2794
01:32
Yet, the fact that so few people do actually read the Koran
24
92935
4053
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื
ืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ
ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืื•ืชื•,
01:37
is precisely why it's so easy to quote -- that is, to misquote.
25
97012
5262
ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’.
01:42
(Laughter)
26
102298
1024
ืคืชื’ืžื™ื ื•ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื”ืงืฉืจ
01:43
Phrases and snippets taken out of context
27
103346
2390
01:45
in what I call the "highlighter version,"
28
105760
2076
ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื’ืจืกืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืจืงืจ,
01:47
which is the one favored by both Muslim fundamentalists
29
107860
3087
ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
01:50
and anti-Muslim Islamophobes.
30
110971
2765
ื•ืื ื˜ื™-ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืื™ืกืœืžื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื™ื.
ืื– ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
01:54
So this past spring,
31
114256
1826
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™
01:56
as I was gearing up to begin writing a biography of Muhammad,
32
116106
4062
ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ืžื“,
02:00
I realized I needed to read the Koran properly --
33
120192
4234
ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™ -
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ.
02:04
as properly as I could, that is.
34
124450
2762
ืจืžืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื”
02:07
My Arabic is reduced by now to wielding a dictionary,
35
127236
3110
ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ
02:10
so I took four well-known translations
36
130370
2366
ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกืคืจื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื
02:12
and decided to read them side by side, verse by verse,
37
132760
4165
ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช
ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืคืกื•ืง
02:16
along with a transliteration and the original seventh-century Arabic.
38
136949
4869
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื™ื
ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืžื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.
02:24
Now, I did have an advantage.
39
144072
2688
02:27
My last book was about the story behind the Shi'a-Sunni split,
40
147743
4668
ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™
ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื ื™,
02:32
and for that, I'd worked closely with the earliest Islamic histories,
41
152435
3413
ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
02:35
so I knew the events to which the Koran constantly refers,
42
155872
3762
ืื– ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช
ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช,
02:39
its frame of reference.
43
159658
1977
ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:41
I knew enough, that is, to know that I'd be a tourist in the Koran --
44
161659
5077
ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช
ืฉืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืชื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ืงื•ืจืืŸ -
02:46
an informed one,
45
166760
1976
ืืžื ื ืชื™ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื”,
02:48
an experienced one, even,
46
168760
1475
ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ,
02:50
but still an outsider,
47
170259
2349
ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช,
02:52
an agnostic Jew reading someone else's holy book.
48
172632
3822
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืช
ื”ืงื•ืจืืช ืกืคืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
02:56
(Laughter)
49
176478
2075
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:58
So I read slowly.
50
178577
1570
ืื– ืงืจืืชื™ ืœืื˜.
03:00
(Laughter)
51
180171
4485
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:04
I'd set aside three weeks for this project,
52
184680
2487
ืฉืจื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
03:07
and that, I think, is what is meant by "hubris" --
53
187191
2870
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:10
(Laughter)
54
190085
4286
ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:14
because it turned out to be three months.
55
194395
2176
03:16
(Laughter)
56
196595
1887
03:18
I did resist the temptation to skip to the back,
57
198506
2498
ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ืœื“ืœื’ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ
ืฉื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื.
03:21
where the shorter and more clearly mystical chapters are.
58
201028
3167
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
03:24
But every time I thought I was beginning to get a handle on the Koran --
59
204219
3517
ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ -
03:27
that feeling of "I get it now" --
60
207760
2282
ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ "ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”" -
ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืขืœืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”.
03:30
it would slip away overnight,
61
210066
2063
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช
03:32
and I'd come back in the morning,
62
212153
1654
03:33
wondering if I wasn't lost in a strange land.
63
213831
2728
ืชื•ื”ื” ืื ืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืช.
ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืื“.
03:37
And yet, the terrain was very familiar.
64
217298
2517
03:40
The Koran declares that it comes to renew the message
65
220577
2863
ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ืžื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื•
ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
03:43
of the Torah and the Gospels.
66
223464
1433
03:44
So one-third of it reprises the stories of Biblical figures
67
224921
3488
ืื– ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื•
ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื "ืš
03:48
like Abraham, Moses, Joseph, Mary, Jesus.
68
228433
4529
ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืžืฉื”,
ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืจื™, ื™ืฉื•.
ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™
03:54
God himself was utterly familiar
69
234001
2644
03:56
from his earlier manifestation as Yahweh,
70
236669
3067
ืžื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” -
03:59
jealously insisting on no other gods.
71
239760
3000
ืžืชืขืงืฉ ื‘ืงื ืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ื•.
04:03
The presence of camels, mountains, desert wells and springs
72
243898
5064
ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœื™ื, ื”ืจื™ื,
ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื•ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ
04:08
took me back to the year I spent wandering the Sinai Desert.
73
248986
3431
ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื ื” ืฉื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™
ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ื™.
ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืคื”,
04:13
And then there was the language, the rhythmic cadence of it,
74
253186
3550
ื”ืžืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”,
04:16
reminding me of evenings spent listening to Bedouin elders
75
256760
3221
ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื
ืฉื“ื™ืงืœืžื• ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืช
04:20
recite hours-long narrative poems
76
260005
2977
ืžื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
04:23
entirely from memory.
77
263006
1867
ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:26
And I began to grasp why it's said
78
266087
4703
ืœืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื
04:30
that the Koran is really the Koran only in Arabic.
79
270814
4112
ืฉื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ
ืจืง ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
04:35
Take the Fatihah, the seven-verse opening chapter
80
275799
3888
ืงื—ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ืกื•ืจื” ืืœ ืคืืชื—ื”,
ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื
04:39
that is the Lord's Prayer and the Shema Yisrael of Islam combined.
81
279711
4000
ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื•ื”ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืกืœื.
04:44
It's just 29 words in Arabic,
82
284260
3037
ืจืง 29 ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช,
ืืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 65 ืœ-72 ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื.
04:47
but anywhere from 65 to 72 in translation.
83
287321
3841
ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžื™ืœื™ื,
04:51
And yet the more you add, the more seems to go missing.
84
291186
3767
ื›ืš ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืกืจ.
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืงืกื,
04:56
The Arabic has an incantatory, almost hypnotic quality
85
296127
4609
ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื™ืคื ื•ื˜ื™,
05:00
that begs to be heard rather than read,
86
300760
3258
ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืงืจื,
ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื•ืชื—ืช.
05:04
felt more than analyzed.
87
304042
1770
05:06
It wants to be chanted out loud,
88
306505
2059
ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื”,
05:08
to sound its music in the ear and on the tongue.
89
308588
2784
ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืžื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ.
ืื– ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
05:12
So the Koran in English is a kind of shadow of itself,
90
312015
4721
ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•,
05:16
or as Arthur Arberry called his version,
91
316760
2831
ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจืชื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืจื™ ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉืœื•,
05:19
"an interpretation."
92
319615
1348
"ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ."
05:22
But all is not lost in translation.
93
322760
2546
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื ืื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื.
ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—, ืœืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื’ืžื•ืœ,
05:26
As the Koran promises, patience is rewarded,
94
326060
2676
05:28
and there are many surprises --
95
328760
1549
ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช -
05:30
a degree of environmental awareness, for instance,
96
330333
3156
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช
05:33
and of humans as mere stewards of God's creation,
97
333513
3569
ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืœ,
ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื "ืš.
05:37
unmatched in the Bible.
98
337106
1634
05:39
And where the Bible is addressed exclusively to men,
99
339609
2877
ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชื "ืš, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ
05:42
using the second- and third-person masculine,
100
342510
2626
ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ืžื›ืœื™ืœ ื ืฉื™ื -
05:45
the Koran includes women --
101
345160
2576
05:47
talking, for instance,
102
347760
1424
ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:49
of believing men and believing women,
103
349208
2424
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื•ืช -
05:51
honorable men and honorable women.
104
351656
3188
ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
05:56
Or take the infamous verse about killing the unbelievers.
105
356244
3977
ืื• ืงื—ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื
ืขืœ ืจืฆื— ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื.
ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืžื ื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ,
06:01
Yes, it does say that,
106
361111
1625
06:02
but in a very specific context:
107
362760
2726
ืืš ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื:
06:05
the anticipated conquest of the sanctuary city of Mecca,
108
365510
4337
ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื ืฆืคื”
ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื›ื”
06:09
where fighting was usually forbidden.
109
369871
2524
ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืกื•ืจื”.
06:12
And the permission comes hedged about with qualifiers.
110
372419
3523
ื”"ืจืฉื•ืช" ื ื™ืชื ืช ืจืง ืขื ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
06:15
Not "You must kill unbelievers in Mecca,"
111
375966
2770
ืœื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื”,
06:18
but you can, you are allowed to,
112
378760
2239
ืืœื ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ,
06:21
but only after a grace period is over,
113
381023
4371
ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ืกื“
06:25
and only if there's no other pact in place,
114
385418
2858
ื•ืจืง ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืกื•ื™ื
06:28
and only if they try to stop you getting to the Kaaba,
115
388300
3436
ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืžืกื’ื“ ื”ื›ืขื‘ื”,
06:31
and only if they attack you first.
116
391760
2716
ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:34
And even then -- God is merciful;
117
394500
3605
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื– - ื”ืืœ ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื,
ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื ืขืœื” -
06:38
forgiveness is supreme --
118
398129
2029
06:40
and so, essentially,
119
400182
2718
ืื–, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช,
06:42
better if you don't.
120
402924
1453
ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœื”ืจื•ื’.
06:44
(Laughter)
121
404401
3442
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:47
This was perhaps the biggest surprise --
122
407867
2763
ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ -
06:50
how flexible the Koran is,
123
410654
2082
ื›ืžื” ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉ,
06:52
at least in minds that are not fundamentally inflexible.
124
412760
3685
ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืืœื•
ืฉืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
06:57
"Some of these verses are definite in meaning," it says,
125
417656
3647
"ื›ืžื” ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื—ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช" ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ,
"ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
07:01
"and others are ambiguous."
126
421327
1869
ื”ืื“ื ื”ืขืงืฉืŸ
07:04
The perverse at heart will seek out the ambiguities,
127
424141
3802
ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช
07:07
trying to create discord by pinning down meanings of their own.
128
427967
4629
ื•ื™ื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื›ืกื•ืš
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
07:12
Only God knows the true meaning.
129
432620
2290
ืจืง ื”ืืœ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช."
07:16
The phrase "God is subtle" appears again and again,
130
436291
3962
ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื"
ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
07:20
and indeed, the whole of the Koran is far more subtle
131
440277
2602
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ
07:22
than most of us have been led to believe.
132
442903
2504
ืžืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ.
ื•ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ,
07:25
As in, for instance, that little matter of virgins and paradise.
133
445431
5068
ื’ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ื˜
ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ.
07:31
Old-fashioned orientalism comes into play here.
134
451704
3171
ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื” ื›ืืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
07:35
The word used four times is "houris,"
135
455851
4578
ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื
ื”ื™ื "ื”ื•ืจื™ืก",
ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช
07:40
rendered as dark-eyed maidens with swelling breasts,
136
460453
4457
ื›ื ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื”ื•ืช ื•ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
07:44
or as fair, high-bosomed virgins.
137
464934
3193
ืื• ื›ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื—ื–ื” ื ืขืœื”.
ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช
07:49
Yet all there is in the original Arabic is that one word: houris.
138
469199
4561
ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”: ื”ื•ืจื™ืก.
07:54
Not a swelling breast or high bosom in sight.
139
474505
2504
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ื—ื–ื” ื ืขืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
07:57
(Laughter)
140
477033
2504
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:59
Now this may be a way of saying "pure beings," like in angels,
141
479561
4557
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ
ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืžื• ืžืœืื›ื™ื -
ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืก ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืงื•ืจื”,
08:04
or it may be like the Greek "kouros" or "kore,"
142
484142
3013
ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื ืฆื—.
08:07
an eternal youth.
143
487179
1342
08:08
But the truth is, nobody really knows.
144
488545
2736
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืืžืช,
08:11
And that's the point.
145
491305
1244
ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
08:13
Because the Koran is quite clear
146
493466
2416
ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ
08:15
when it says that you'll be "a new creation in paradise,"
147
495906
4830
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื”
"ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ"
08:20
and that you will be "recreated in a form unknown to you,"
148
500760
5129
ื•ืฉืืชื” "ืชืชื—ื“ืฉ
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœืš,"
08:25
which seems to me a far more appealing prospect
149
505913
2535
ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉืš
08:28
than a virgin.
150
508472
1579
ืžื‘ืชื•ืœื”.
08:30
(Laughter)
151
510075
6972
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:38
And that number 72 never appears.
152
518252
3311
ื•ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ 72 ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข.
08:41
There are no 72 virgins in the Koran.
153
521587
3666
ืื™ืŸ 72 ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช
ื‘ืงื•ืจืืŸ.
08:45
That idea only came into being 300 years later,
154
525277
3245
ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื ื•ืกื“ ืจืง 300 ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš,
08:48
and most Islamic scholars see it as the equivalent
155
528546
2977
ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช
08:51
of people with wings sitting on clouds and strumming harps.
156
531547
3602
ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื
ื•ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ืœ.
08:56
Paradise is quite the opposite.
157
536593
2645
ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืš ืžื›ืš.
ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
09:00
It's not virginity;
158
540111
1763
09:01
it's fecundity;
159
541898
1484
ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
09:03
it's plenty.
160
543993
1471
ื”ื•ื ืฉืคืข,
ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืงื™ื
09:06
It's gardens watered by running streams.
161
546107
3758
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื—ืœื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื.
ืชื•ื“ื”.
09:11
Thank you.
162
551520
1152
09:12
(Applause)
163
552696
6977
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7