Nathan Myhrvold: Cut your food in half

203,893 views ใƒป 2011-07-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gabriela Elazar ืžื‘ืงืจ: Oren Szekatch
00:15
So I'm going to tell you a little bit
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”
00:17
about reimagining food.
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
00:19
I've been interested in food for a long time.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
00:21
I taught myself to cook
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ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื‘ืฉืœ
00:23
with a bunch of big books like this.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืžื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืืœื”.
00:25
I went to chef school in France.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
00:28
And there is a way
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš
00:30
the world both envisions food,
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ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ืžื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
00:32
the way the world writes about food and learns about food.
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ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
00:35
And it's largely what you would find in these books.
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ื–ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:38
And it's a wonderful thing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื.
00:40
But there's some things that have been going on
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื
00:42
since this idea of food was established.
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ืžืื– ืฉืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืกืก.
00:45
In the last 20 years,
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ื‘-20 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
00:47
people have realized that science
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ืข
00:49
has a tremendous amount to do with food.
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืขื ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
00:51
In fact, understanding why cooking works
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“,
00:54
requires knowing the science of cooking --
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ ืืช ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ --
00:56
some of the chemistry, some of the physics and so forth.
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื•'.
00:59
But that's not in any of those books.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:01
There's also a tremendous number of techniques
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ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช
01:03
that chefs have developed,
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ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืคื™ื,
01:05
some about new aesthetics, new approaches to food.
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ื—ืœืงืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืื• ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ.
01:08
There's a chef in Spain named Ferran Adria.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืฉืฃ ื‘ืกืคืจื“, ืคืจืจืืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื”.
01:11
He's developed a very avant-garde cuisine.
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ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื— ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืื•ื•ื ื’ืืจื“ื™.
01:13
A guy in England called Heston Blumenthal,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื”ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžื ื˜ืœ,
01:16
he's developed his avant-garde cuisine.
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืื•ื•ื ื’ืืจื“ื™ ืžืฉืœื•.
01:18
None of the techniques that these people have developed
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ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื•
01:20
over the course of the last 20 years
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
01:22
is in any of those books.
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ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืืœื”.
01:24
None of them are taught in cooking schools.
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.
01:26
In order to learn them, you have to go work in those restaurants.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:29
And finally,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
01:31
there's the old way of viewing food
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ
01:33
is the old way.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉื ื”
01:35
And so a few years ago -- fours years ago, actually --
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื-- ืืจื‘ืข ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง--
01:38
I set out to say, is there a way
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš
01:40
we can communicate science and technique and wonder?
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ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข, ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื•ืคืœื™ืื”?
01:44
Is there a way we can show people food
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ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ
01:46
in a way they have not seen it before?
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืœื ื ืจืื” ืงื•ื“ื?
01:48
So we tried, and I'll show you what we came up with.
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ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” ืžืฆืื ื•.
01:51
This is a picture called a cutaway.
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ื—ืชืš.
01:54
This is actually the first picture I took in the book.
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ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ.
01:56
The idea here is to explain what happens
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
01:58
when you steam broccoli.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™.
02:00
And this magic view allows you to see
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ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืงืกื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช
02:02
all of what's happening
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
02:04
while the broccoli steams.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™.
02:06
Then each of the different little pieces around it
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
02:08
explain some fact.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช.
02:10
And the hope was two-fold.
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”.
02:12
One is you can actually explain what happens when you steam broccoli.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™.
02:14
But the other thing is that maybe we could seduce people
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื
02:17
into stuff that was a little more technical,
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ืืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื.
02:19
maybe a little bit more scientific, maybe a little bit more chef-y
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื‘ื—ื™-ื™ื
02:22
than they otherwise would have.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืจื•ืื™ื.
02:24
Because with that beautiful photo,
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ื›ื™ ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
02:26
maybe I can also package this little box here
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืฆืœื™ื— ื’ื ืœืืจื•ื– ืืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
02:28
that talks about how steaming and boiling
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ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ืจืชื™ื—ื”
02:30
actually take different amounts of time.
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ืื•ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:32
Steaming ought to be faster.
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ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:34
It turns out it isn't because of something called film condensation,
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ืืš ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืขื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™",
02:37
and this explains that.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ.
02:39
Well, that first cutaway picture worked,
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ื”ืืžืช ืฉืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ื—ืชืš ื”ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
02:42
so we said, "Okay, let's do some more."
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื• "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื”".
02:45
So here's another one.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช.
02:47
We discovered why woks are the shape they are.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื•ืง ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ืืช.
02:50
This shaped wok doesn't work very well;
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ื”ื•ื•ืง ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘;
02:52
this caught fire three times.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœื” ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.
02:54
But we had a philosophy,
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ืืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”,
02:56
which is it only has to look good for a thousandth of a second.
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ืœืคื™ื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:01
And one of our canning cutaways.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืชืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ื.
03:03
Once you start cutting things in half, you kind of get carried away,
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ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื—ืฆืื™ื, ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื ืกื—ืคื™ื.
03:06
so you see we cut the jars in half as well as the pan.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื—ืชื›ื ื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆื ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจ.
03:09
And each of these text blocks
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืืœื”
03:11
explains a key thing that's going on.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื”
03:13
In this case, boiling water canning
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื
03:16
is for canning things that are already pretty acidic.
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ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ื
03:18
You don't have to heat them up as hot
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืžื ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
03:20
as you would something you do pressure canning
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ,
03:23
because bacterial spores can't grow in the acid.
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ื›ื™ ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฆื”.
03:27
So this is great for pickled vegetables,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ื,
03:29
which is what we're canning here.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
03:31
Here's our hamburger cutaway.
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ื”ื ื” ื—ืชืš ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:33
One of our philosophies in the book
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ืื—ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื
03:35
is that no dish
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื”
03:37
is really intrinsically any better than any other dish.
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ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืžืžื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
03:39
So you can lavish
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื–
03:41
all the same care, all the same technique,
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ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”,
03:44
on a hamburger
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ
03:46
as you would on some much more fancy dish.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:48
And if you do lavish as much technique as possible,
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ื•ืื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
03:51
and you try to make the highest quality hamburger,
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ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™,
03:53
it gets to be a little bit involved.
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ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:55
The New York Times ran a piece
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ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”"ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก" ืคืจืกื ื›ืชื‘ื”
03:57
after my book was delayed
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ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™
03:59
and it was called "The Wait for the 30-Hour Hamburger
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ื•ื›ื•ืชืจืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” "ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ 30 ื”ืฉืขื•ืช
04:02
Just Got Longer."
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ืจืง ื”ืชืืจื›ื” ืขื•ื“"
04:04
Because our hamburger recipe, our ultimate hamburger recipe,
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ื›ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
04:07
if you make the buns and you marinate the meat and you do all this stuff,
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ืื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ืžื ื™ื”, ืžืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื™ื ื“ื”, ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:10
it does take about 30 hours.
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ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืจืš 30 ืฉืขื•ืช.
04:12
Of course, you're not actually working the whole time.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
04:14
Most of the time is kind of sitting there.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
04:16
The point of this cutaway
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ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื—ืชืš ื”ื–ื”
04:18
is to show people a view of hamburgers they haven't seen before
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืจืื™ื” ื›ืžื•ื” ืœื ืจืื• ืงื•ื“ื
04:20
and to explain the physics of hamburgers
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ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ
04:22
and the chemistry of hamburgers,
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ื•ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื,
04:24
because, believe it or not, there is something to the physics and chemistry --
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ื›ื™, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,
04:27
in particular, those flames underneath the burger.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ.
04:30
Most of the characteristic char-grilled taste
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื‘ื’ืจื™ืœ
04:33
doesn't come from the wood or the charcoal.
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ืœื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื• ื”ืคื—ืžื™ื.
04:36
Buying mesquite charcoal will not actually make that much difference.
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ืคื—ื ืžืกืงื™ื˜ ืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
04:39
Mostly it comes from fat pyrolyzing, or burning.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฉืจืฃ, ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื˜ืจืžื•ื›ื™ืžื™.
04:42
So it's the fat that drips down and flares up
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ื•ื”ืžืชืœืงื—
04:45
that causes the characteristic taste.
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื˜ืขื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื.
04:47
Now you might wonder, how do we make these cutaways?
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืชื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
04:49
Most people assume we use Photoshop.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค.
04:51
And the answer is: no, not really;
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื- ืœื ืžืžืฉ,
04:53
we use a machine shop.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
04:56
And it turns out, the best way to cut things in half
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื
04:59
is to actually cut them in half.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื.
05:02
So we have two halves of one of the best kitchens in the world.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:06
We cut a $5,000 restaurant oven in half.
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ื—ืชื›ื ื• ืชื ื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” 5000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
05:10
The manufacturer said,
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ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืืžืจ,
05:12
"What would it take for you to cut one in half?"
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"ืžื” ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื?"
05:14
I said, "It would have to show up free."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ "ื–ื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื"
05:16
And so it showed up, we used it a little while,
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื’, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืงืฆืช,
05:18
we cut it in half.
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ื—ืชื›ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
05:20
Now you can also see a little bit how we did some of these shots.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:23
We would glue a piece of Pyrex
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ื”ื“ื‘ืงื ื• ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืคื™ื™ืจืงืก
05:25
or heat-resistant glass in front.
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ืื• ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช.
05:28
We used a red, very high-temperature silicon to do that.
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ื, ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
05:31
The great thing is, when you cut something in half,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืคืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื,
05:33
you have another half.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฆื™.
05:35
So you photograph that in exactly the same position,
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ืื– ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชื ื•ื—ื”,
05:37
and then you can substitute in --
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ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”--
05:39
and that part does use Photoshop -- just the edges.
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ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค- ืจืง ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช.
05:42
So it's very much like in a Hollywood movie
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™
05:44
where a guy flies through the air, supported by wires,
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขืฃ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ืœื™ื,
05:46
and then they take the wires away digitally
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื
05:48
so you're flying through the air.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื” ืขืฃ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
05:50
In most cases, though, there was no glass.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช.
05:52
Like for the hamburger, we just cut the damn barbecue.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืชื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ืœ.
05:55
And so those coals that kept falling off the edge,
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ื”ืคื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ืงืฆื”,
05:58
we kept having to put them back up.
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ื•ื ืืœืฆื ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
06:00
But again, it only has to work for a thousandth of a second.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
06:02
The wok shot caught fire three times.
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ื”ื•ื•ืง ืขืœื” ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.
06:05
What happens when you have your wok cut in half
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื•ื•ืง ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื
06:07
is the oil goes down into the fire
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉืžืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ
06:09
and whoosh!
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ื•ืื– ื•ื•ืฉ!
06:11
One of our cooks lost his eyebrows that way.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื›ื”.
06:13
But hey, they grow back.
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ืื‘ืœ,ื”ื™ื™, ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘!
06:15
In addition to cutaways,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ืชื›ื™ื,
06:17
we also explain physics.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
06:19
This is Fourier's law of heat conduction.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืง ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื—ื•ื.
06:21
It's a partial differential equation.
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ื–ื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช.
06:23
We have the only cookbook in the world
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ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
06:25
that has partial differential equations in it.
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ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื•ืช.
06:27
But to make them palatable,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช,
06:29
we cut it out of a steel plate and put it in front of a fire
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ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื™ืช ืžืชื›ืช ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ืืฉ
06:32
and photographed it like this.
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ื•ื›ืš ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ืื•ืชื”.
06:34
We've got lots of little tidbits in the book.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ
06:37
Everybody knows that your various appliances
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื
06:39
have wattage, right?
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœื™ (ื•ื•ืื˜), ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:42
But you probably don't know that much about James Watt.
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ืื‘ืœ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื•ื•ืื˜.
06:44
But now you will; we put a biography of James Watt in.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื“ืขื•; ืฉื™ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื•ื•ืื˜ ื‘ืกืคืจ.
06:47
It's a little couple paragraphs
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช
06:49
to explain why we call that unit of heat the watt,
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ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื "ื•ื•ืื˜"
06:52
and where he got his inspiration.
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ื•ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”.
06:54
It turned out he was hired by a Scottish distillery
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืขืกืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื–ืงืงื” ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืช
06:57
to understand why they were burning so damn much peat
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืœ
06:59
to distill the whiskey.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™.
07:01
We also did a lot of calculation.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
07:03
I personally wrote thousands of lines of code
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืจืฉืžืชื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“
07:05
to write this cookbook.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
07:07
Here's a calculation
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ื”ื ื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘
07:09
that shows how the intensity of a barbecue,
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ื”ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืžื ื’ืœ,
07:11
or other radiant heat source, goes
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ื ืงื•ืจืŸ ืื—ืจ,
07:13
as you move away from it.
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ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
07:15
So as you move vertically away from this surface,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื ื›ื™ ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื–ื”,
07:17
the heat falls off.
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ื”ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“.
07:19
As you move side to side, it moves off.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื ืขื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืง.
07:21
That horn-shaped region
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืงืจื ื™ื™ื
07:23
is what we call the sweet spot.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”".
07:25
That's the place where the heat is even to within 10 percent.
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ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ื ืื—ื™ื“ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ 10 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:28
So that's the place where you really want to cook.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืชืจืฆื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœื‘ืฉืœ.
07:30
And it's got this funny horn-shaped thing,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืงืจื ื™ื™ื,
07:32
which as far as I know, again,
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ืืฉืจ ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™, ืฉื•ื‘,
07:34
the first cookbook to ever do this.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
07:36
Now it may also be the last cookbook that ever does it.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
07:39
You know, there's two ways
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
07:41
you can make a product.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ.
07:43
You can do lots of market research
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืฉื•ืง
07:45
and do focus groups
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ื“
07:47
and figure out what people really want,
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ื•ืœืฉืขืจ ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
07:49
or you can just kind of go for it
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ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”
07:51
and make the book you want and hope other people like it.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืื”ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื•.
07:54
Here's a step-by-step that shows grinding hamburger.
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ื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ.
07:57
If you really want great hamburger,
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ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
07:59
it turns out it makes a difference if you align the grain.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืžื™ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื.
08:02
And it's really simple, as you can see here.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
08:04
As it comes out of the grinder, you just have a little tray,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืžื˜ื—ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื’ืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ,
08:06
and you just take it off in little passes,
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ื•ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
08:08
build it up, slice it vertically.
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ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช.
08:10
Here's the final hamburger.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.
08:12
This is the 30-hour hamburger.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ 30 ื”ืฉืขื•ืช.
08:14
We make every aspect of this burger.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ.
08:16
The lettuce has got liquid smoke infused into it.
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ืœื—ืกื” ื”ื—ื“ืจื ื• ืขืฉืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœื™.
08:19
We also have things about how to make the bun.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ืžื ื™ื”.
08:22
There's a mushroom, ketchup -- it goes on and on.
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ื”ื ื” ืคื˜ืจื™ื”, ืงื˜ืฉื•ืค-- ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš.
08:25
Now watch closely. This is popcorn. I'll explain it here.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื–ื”ื• ืคื•ืคืงื•ืจืŸ. ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ.
08:28
The popcorn is illustrating
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ื”ืคื•ืคืงื•ืจืŸ ืžืจืื”
08:30
a key thing in physics.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
08:32
Isn't that beautiful?
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ื–ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื”, ืœื?
08:34
We have a very high-speed camera,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
08:37
which we had lots of fun with on the book.
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ืื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืกืคืจ.
08:39
The key physics principle here
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื›ืืŸ
08:41
is when water boils to steam
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื
08:43
it expands by a factor of 1,600.
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ื”ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 1600.
08:45
That's what's happening to the water inside that popcorn.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื•ืคืงื•ืจืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
08:47
So it's a great illustration of that.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
08:49
Now I'm going to close with a video that is kind of unusual.
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ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
08:52
We have a chapter on gels.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืจืง ืขืœ ื’'ืœื™.
08:54
And because people watch Mythbusters and CSI,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ "CSI" ื• "ืžื›ืกื—ื™ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื",
08:57
I thought, well, let's put in a recipe
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ
08:59
for a ballistics gelatin.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™.
09:02
Well, if you have a high-speed camera,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
09:04
and you have a block of ballistics gelatin lying around,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
09:07
pretty soon somebody does this.
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ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื ืกื” ืืช ื–ื”.
09:11
(Gasps)
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(ื”ืชื ืฉืžื•ืช)
09:13
Now the amazing thing here
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ืืŸ
09:15
is that a ballistics gelatin is supposed to mimic
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื“ืžื•ืช
09:17
what happens to human flesh when you get shot -- that's why you shouldn't get shot.
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•- ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื›ืš.
09:20
The other amazing thing is, when this ballistics gelatin comes down,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืจื“,
09:23
it falls back down as a nice block.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืฉ ื™ืคื”.
09:25
Anyway, here's the book.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ื ื” ื”ืกืคืจ.
09:28
Here it is.
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ื”ื ื”.
09:32
2,438 pages.
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2,438 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื.
09:36
And they're nice big pages too.
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ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
09:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:47
A friend of mine complained
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ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ
09:49
that this was too big and too pretty to go in the kitchen,
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ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ ื•ื™ืคื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืžื˜ื‘ื—,
09:51
so there's a sixth volume
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ืื– ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช
09:53
that has washable, waterproof paper.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืจื—ื™ืฅ.
09:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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