Instruction
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Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:13
How much do you get paid?
Kolika vam je plaća?
00:15
Don't answer that out loud.
Nemojte glasno odgovoriti.
00:17
But put a number in your head.
Ali stavite brojku u svojoj glavi.
00:20
Now: How much do you think the person
sitting next to you gets paid?
Sada: Što mislite, koliko osoba
pored vas zarađuje?
00:25
Again, don't answer out loud.
Ponovno, nemojte glasno odgovoriti.
00:27
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
00:29
At work, how much do you think
Na poslu, koliko mislite
00:31
the person sitting in the cubicle
or the desk next to you gets paid?
osoba koja sjedi kraj vas zarađuje?
00:35
Do you know?
Znate li?
00:36
Should you know?
Biste li trebali znati?
00:38
Notice, it's a little uncomfortable for me
to even ask you those questions.
Ako primjetite, malo mi je neugodno
postaviti vam ova pitanja.
00:42
But admit it -- you kind of want to know.
Ali priznajte --
u neku ruku želite znati.
00:46
Most of us are uncomfortable with the idea
of broadcasting our salary.
Većini nas nije ugodno razmišljati
o iznošenju naše plaće.
00:50
We're not supposed to tell our neighbors,
Ne bismo trebali to reći našim susjedima,
00:52
and we're definitely not supposed
to tell our office neighbors.
i definitivno ne bismo to trebali reći
našim susjedima na poslu.
00:55
The assumed reason is that if everybody
knew what everybody got paid,
Pretpostavka je da kada bi svi znali
koliko svatko zarađuje,
00:59
then all hell would break loose.
izbio bi kaos.
01:01
There'd be arguments, there'd be fights,
Uslijedile bi prepirke, svađe,
01:03
there might even be a few people who quit.
čak bi bilo i ljudi koji bi dali ostavku.
01:05
But what if secrecy is actually
the reason for all that strife?
Ali, što ako je tajnovitost zapravo
razlog svoj toj svađi?
01:09
And what would happen
if we removed that secrecy?
I što bi se dogodilo kada bi
uklonili tu tajnovitost?
01:12
What if openness actually increased
the sense of fairness and collaboration
Što ako otvorenost uveća
osjećaj pravde i suradnje
01:16
inside a company?
u organizaciji?
01:17
What would happen if we had
total pay transparency?
Što bi se dogodilo kada bi plaće bile
totalno transparentne?
01:22
For the past several years,
Posljednjih nekoliko godina,
01:23
I've been studying the corporate
and entrepreneurial leaders
proučavao sam korporativne i
poduzetničke vođe
01:26
who question the conventional wisdom
about how to run a company.
koji preispituju konvencionalne mudrosti
o tome kako voditi tvrtku.
01:30
And the question of pay keeps coming up.
I pitanje plaće se stalno pojavljuje.
01:33
And the answers keep surprising.
I odgovori iznenađuju.
01:36
It turns out that pay transparency --
Ispostavlja se kako
transparentnost plaća --
01:38
sharing salaries openly
across a company --
otvorenost o plaćama u cijeloj tvrtki --
01:40
makes for a better workplace
for both the employee
doprinosi boljem radnom mjestu
za zaposlenike
01:43
and for the organization.
i za tvrtku.
01:45
When people don't know how their pay
compares to their peers',
Kada ljudi ne znaju koliko zarađuju
u odnosu na kolege,
01:48
they're more likely to feel underpaid
veća je vjerojatnost da se osjećaju
potplaćenima
01:50
and maybe even discriminated against.
i čak kao žrtve diskriminacije.
01:52
Do you want to work at a place
that tolerates the idea
Želite li raditi u tvrtki koja
odobrava ideju
01:55
that you feel underpaid
or discriminated against?
da se osjećate potplaćeno ili
diskriminirano?
01:58
But keeping salaries secret
does exactly that,
A držanje plaća u tajnovitosi
doprinosi upravo tome,
02:01
and it's a practice
as old as it is common,
i ta praksa je stara koliko je i
učestala,
02:04
despite the fact
that in the United States,
unatoč činjenici kako u
Sjedinjenim Državama
02:06
the law protects an employee's right
to discuss their pay.
zakon stoji na strani zaposlenika
kada pričaju o plaći.
02:11
In one famous example from decades ago,
U jednom poznatom primjeru od prije
nekoliko desetljeća,
02:13
the management of Vanity Fair magazine
menadžment Vanity Fair časopisa
02:16
actually circulated a memo entitled:
je cirkulirao memo poruku naslovljenu:
02:18
"Forbidding Discussion Among
Employees of Salary Received."
"Zabranjen Razgovor O Primljenoj Plaći
Među Zaposlenicima."
02:21
"Forbidding" discussion among
employees of salary received.
"Zabranjen" razgovor o primljenoj plaći
među zaposlenicima.
02:25
Now that memo didn't sit well
with everybody.
Taj memorandum nisu svi dobro primili.
02:27
New York literary figures
Dorothy Parker,
Književni likovi New York-a,
Dorothy Parker,
02:29
Robert Benchley and Robert Sherwood,
Robert Benchley i Robert Sherwood,
02:31
all writers in the Algonquin Round Table,
svi pisci za Okrugli Stol Algonquin-a,
02:33
decided to stand up for transparency
su odlučili založiti se za transparentnost
02:35
and showed up for work the next day
i pojavili se idući dan na poslu
02:37
with their salary written on signs
hanging from their neck.
noseći oko vrata znak sa ispisanom plaćom.
02:40
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
02:42
Imagine showing up for work
Zamislite da se pojavite na poslu
02:44
with your salary just written
across your chest for all to see.
sa svojom plaćom ispisanom preko
prsa kako bi svi vidjeli.
02:49
But why would a company even want
to discourage salary discussions?
Ali zašto bi tvrtka željela
obeshrabriti razgovore o plaćama?
02:52
Why do some people go along with it,
while others revolt against it?
Zašto neki ljudi to prihvate,
dok se drugi bune protiv toga?
02:57
It turns out that in addition
to the assumed reasons,
Ispostavlja se da, unatoč pretpostavkama,
03:00
pay secrecy is actually a way
to save a lot of money.
tajnovitost plaća doprinosi velikim
uštedama novca.
03:04
You see, keeping salaries secret
Vidite, držanje plaća u tajnosti
03:06
leads to what economists call
"information asymmetry."
dovodi do nečega što ekonomisti nazivaju
"asimetričnost informacija."
03:09
This is a situation where,
in a negotiation,
To je situacija gdje,
prilikom pregovora,
03:11
one party has loads more
information than the other.
jedna strana ima puno više informacija
nego druga strana.
03:14
And in hiring or promotion
or annual raise discussions,
A kod zapošljavanja ili promocije
ili razgovora o povišici,
03:18
an employer can use that secrecy
to save a lot of money.
poslodavac može koristiti tu tajnovitost
kako bi uštedio puno novca.
03:22
Imagine how much better
you could negotiate for a raise
Zamislite koliko bolje bi mogli
pregovarati o povišici
03:25
if you knew everybody's salary.
kada bi znali svačiju plaću.
03:29
Economists warn that information asymmetry
Ekonomisti upozoravaju kako
asimetričnost informacija
03:32
can cause markets to go awry.
može doprinijeti lošem tržištu.
03:33
Someone leaves a pay stub on the copier,
Netko ostavi ispis plaća na kopirki
03:35
and suddenly everybody
is shouting at each other.
i odjednom svi viču jedni na druge.
03:38
In fact, they even warn
Zapravo, oni upozoravaju
03:40
that information asymmetry
can lead to a total market failure.
kako asimetričnost informacija može
dovesti do potpunog sloma tržišta.
03:46
And I think we're almost there.
I mislim kako smo gotovo tamo.
03:48
Here's why:
Evo zašto:
03:49
first, most employees have no idea
how their pay compares to their peers'.
prvo, većina zaposlenika ne zna kakva je
njihova plaća u odnosu na plaće kolega.
03:54
In a 2015 survey of 70,000 employees,
U istraživanju iz 2015. godine, na 70,000
zaposlenika,
03:58
two-thirds of everyone who is paid
at the market rate
dvije trećine svih koji su plaćeni
po stopama tržišta
04:02
said that they felt they were underpaid.
se osjećaju potplaćenima.
04:05
And of everybody who felt
that they were underpaid,
I od svih koji se osjećaju potplaćenima,
04:07
60 percent said
that they intended to quit,
60 posto njih je reklo kako namjeravaju
dati ostavku
04:10
regardless of where they were --
underpaid, overpaid
bez obzira na to gdje se nalaze --
potplaćeni, preplaćeni
04:13
or right at the market rate.
ili plaćeni po stopi tržišta.
04:16
If you were part of this survey,
what would you say?
Kada bi sudjelovali u tom istraživanju,
što biste rekli?
04:18
Are you underpaid?
Jeste li potplaćeni?
04:19
Well, wait -- how do you even know,
Čekajte -- kako možete to znati
04:22
because you're not allowed
to talk about it?
kada vam je zabranjeno pričati o tome?
04:24
Next, information asymmetry, pay secrecy,
Iduće, asimetričnost informacija,
tajnovitost plaća,
04:28
makes it easier to ignore
the discrimination
lako vode do zapostavljanja
diskriminacije
04:31
that's already present
in the market today.
koja već danas postoji na tržištu.
04:34
In a 2011 report from the Institute
for Women's Policy Research,
U izvješću iz 2011. godine sa Instituta
za Istraživanje Ženskih Prava,
04:37
the gender wage gap
between men and women
nesrazmjer u plaćama između
muškaraca i žena
04:40
was 23 percent.
je bio 23 posto.
04:42
This is where that 77 cents
on the dollar comes from.
Tu proizlazi ta razlika od 77 centi
na dolar.
04:45
But in the Federal Government,
Ali u Federalnoj Vladi,
04:47
where salaries are pinned
to certain levels
gdje su plaće vezane uz određene
razrede
04:49
and everybody knows
what those levels are,
i svatko zna koji su to razredi,
04:51
the gender wage gap
shrinks to 11 percent --
nesrazmjer u plaćama se smanji
na 11 posto --
04:53
and this is before controlling
for any of the factors
i to je prije kontroliranja
bilo kojeg od faktora
04:55
that economists argue over
whether or not to control for.
za koje ekonomisti raspravljaju da li
ih kontrolirati ili ne.
04:59
If we really want to close
the gender wage gap,
Ukoliko stvarno želimo ukinuti
nesrazmjer u plaćama,
05:01
maybe we should start
by opening up the payroll.
možda bismo trebali objaviti ispis plaća.
05:04
If this is what total
market failure looks like,
Ako ovako izgleda potpuni slom tržišta,
05:08
then openness remains
the only way to ensure fairness.
onda otvorenost predstavlja jedini
način da se uspostavi pravednost.
05:12
Now, I realize that letting people
know what you make
Shvaćam kako davanjem ljudima do znanja
koliko zarađujete
05:14
might feel uncomfortable,
može biti neugodno,
05:16
but isn't it less uncomfortable
no nije li manje neugodno
05:18
than always wondering
if you're being discriminated against,
nego se uvijek pitati da li ste
diskriminirani,
05:20
or if your wife or your daughter
or your sister is being paid unfairly?
ili da li su vaša žena ili kćer ili
sestra nepravedno plaćene?
05:25
Openness remains the best way
to ensure fairness,
Otvorenost predstavlja najbolji način da
se osigura pravda
05:29
and pay transparency does that.
i transparentnost plaća radi upravo to.
05:31
That's why entrepreneurial leaders
and corporate leaders
Zato su korporativni i poduzetnički vođe
05:34
have been experimenting
with sharing salaries for years.
eksperimentirali godinama sa razgovorima
o plaćama.
05:37
Like Dane Atkinson.
Poput Dane Atkinson-a.
05:38
Dane is a serial entrepreneur
who started many companies
Dane je serijski poduzetnik koji
je osnovao mnogo tvrtki
05:42
in a pay secrecy condition
gdje je plaća bila tajna
05:44
and even used that condition
to pay two equally qualified people
i čak je iskoristio tu situaciju kako
bi platio dvije jednako kvalificirane
05:47
dramatically different salaries,
osobe drastično različite plaće,
05:49
depending on how well
they could negotiate.
ovisno kako dobro mogu pregovarati.
05:52
And Dane saw the strife
that happened as a result of this.
I Dane je svjediočio svađi koja je
uslijedila kao rezultat toga.
05:55
So when he started
his newest company, SumAll,
Stoga, kada je osnovao svoju najnoviju
tvrtku, SumAll,
05:58
he committed to salary transparency
from the beginning.
posvetio se transparentnosti plaća od
samog početka.
06:01
And the results have been amazing.
I rezultati su bili nevjerojatni.
06:04
And in study after study,
I u svakom istraživanju,
06:06
when people know
how they're being paid
kada ljudi znaju koliko su plaćeni,
06:07
and how that pay compares to their peers',
i koliko je to u usporedbi sa kolegama,
06:10
they're more likely to work hard
to improve their performance,
veća je vjerojatnost kako će marno raditi
kako bi se poboljšali,
06:12
more likely to be engaged,
and they're less likely to quit.
veća je vjerojatnost da su prisutni,
i manja šansa da daju ostavku.
06:15
That's why Dane's not alone.
I zato Dane nije sam.
06:17
From technology start-ups like Buffer,
Od tehnoloških start-up-ova, poput
Buffer-a,
06:19
to the tens of thousands
of employees at Whole Foods,
sve do desetaka tisuća zaposlenih
u Whole Foods-u,
06:23
where not only is your salary
available for everyone to see,
gdje, ne samo da je vaša plaća poznata
svima,
06:26
but the performance data
for the store and for your department
već i podaci o uspješnosti trgovine i
vašeg tima
06:29
is available on the company intranet
su dostupni na intranetu tvrtke
06:31
for all to see.
svim zaposlenicima.
06:33
Now, pay transparency
takes a lot of forms.
Transparentnost plaća može
poprimiti puno oblika.
06:36
It's not one size fits all.
Jedna veličina ne odgovara svima.
06:38
Some post their salaries for all to see.
Neki objave plaće kako bi ih svi vidjeli.
06:40
Some only keep it inside the company.
Neki ih drže u sklopu tvrtke.
06:42
Some post the formula for calculating pay,
Neki objave formule za izračun plaća,
06:45
and others post the pay levels
dok drugi objave razrede plaća
06:47
and affix everybody to that level.
i dodjele te razrede zaposlenicima.
06:49
So you don't have to make signs
Stoga ne morate napraviti znakove
06:51
for all of your employees
to wear around the office.
za sve zaposlenike da ih nose po uredu.
06:53
And you don't have to be
the only one wearing a sign
I ne morate biti jedini koji nosi znak
06:56
that you made at home.
koji ste izradili kod kuće.
06:58
But we can all take greater steps
towards pay transparency.
Ali, svi mi možemo doprinijeti
transparentnosti plaća.
07:02
For those of you that have the authority
Za sve vas koji imate autoritet
07:04
to move forward towards transparency:
da krenete prema transparentnosti:
07:06
it's time to move forward.
vrijeme je da se krene naprijed.
07:07
And for those of you
that don't have that authority:
I za sve vas koji nemate taj autoritet:
07:10
it's time to stand up for your right to.
vrijeme je da se založite za pravo
da ga imate.
07:13
So how much do you get paid?
Koliko ste plaćeni?
07:16
And how does that compare
to the people you work with?
I koliko je to u usporedbi sa ljudima
s kojima radite?
07:19
You should know.
Trebali biste to znati.
07:21
And so should they.
Jednako kao i oni.
07:23
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
07:25
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
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