The wars that inspired Game of Thrones - Alex Gendler

Ratovi koji su inspirisali Igru prestola - Aleks Džendler (Alex Gendler)

Prevodilac: Milena Kocic Lektor: Mile Živković

As far as we know,

Koliko znamo,

Medieval England was never invaded by ice zombies,

srednjovekovnu Englesku nikad nisu napali ledeni zombiji,

or terrorized by dragons,

niti su je terorisali zmajevi,

but it was shaken by a power struggle between two noble families

već je bila uzdrmana borbom za moć između dve aristokratske porodice

spanning generations

koja se protegla kroz generacije

and involving a massive cast of characters

i u kojoj je učestvovala široka plejada likova

with complex motives and shifting loyalties.

sa složenim motivima i nestalnom lojalnošću.

If that sounds familiar,

Ovo vam možda zvuči poznato

it's because the historical conflicts known as the Wars of the Roses

zato što je istorijski konflikt poznat pod imenom Rat ruža

served as the basis for much of the drama in Game of Thrones.

poslužio kao osnova za većinu dešavanja u Igri prestola.

The real-life seeds of war were sewn by the death of King Edward III in 1377.

Uzrok pravog rata bila je smrt kralj Edvarda III, 1377. godine.

Edward's oldest son had died before his father,

Edvardov najstariji sin umro je pre svog oca,

but his ten-year-old son, Richard II,

ali je njegov desetogodišnji sin, Ričard II,

succeeded to the throne ahead of Edward's three surviving sons.

nasledio presto pre Edvardova tri živa brata.

This skipping of an entire generation

Zbog preskakanja cele jedne generacije

left lingering claims to the throne among their various offspring,

njihovi razni potomci su dugo prisvajali pravo na presto,

particularly the Lancasters, descended from Edward's third son,

naročito Lankasteri, koji potiču od Edvardovog trećeg sina,

and the Yorks, descended from his fourth son.

i Jorkovi, koji potiču od njegovog četvrtog sina.

The name of the ensuing wars

Ime sledećih ratova

comes from the symbols associated with the two families,

vodi poreklo od simbola koji se vezuju za ove dve porodice,

the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster.

bele ruže Jorkovih, i crvene ruže Lankastera.

The Lancasters first gained the throne

Lankasteri su prvi došli na presto

when Richard II was deposed by his cousin Henry IV in 1399.

kada je Ričard II svrgnut sa vlasti od strane svog rođaka Henrija IV 1399.

Despite sporadic unrest,

Uprkos mestimičnim neredima,

their reign remained secure until 1422,

njihova vlast je bila čvrsta sve do 1422. godine,

when Henry V's death in a military campaign

kada je posle smrti Henrija V u vojnoj kampanji

left an infant Henry VI as king.

maloletni Henri VI postao kralj.

Weak-willed and dominated by advisors,

Kako je bio neodlučan i pod uticajem savetnika,

Henry was eventually convinced to marry Margaret of Anjou to gain French support.

Henri je bio primoran da oženi Margaret Anžujsku da bi dobio podršku Francuza.

Margaret was beautiful, ambitious,

Margaret je bila lepa, ambiciozna,

and ruthless in persecuting any threat to her power,

i nemilosrdna kada je trebalo ukloniti bilo koju pretnju njenoj moći,

and she distrusted Richard of York, most of all.

i pre svega, nije verovala Ričardu od Jorka.

York had been the King's close advisor and loyal General,

Jork je bio kraljev bliski savetnik i odani general,

but was increasingly sidelined by the Queen,

ali ga je kraljica sve više terala u stranu,

who promoted her favorite supporters, like the Earls of Suffolk and Somerset.

unapređujući svoje omiljene pristalice, kao što su Vojvode od Safolka i Samerseta.

York's criticism of their inept handling of the war against France

Jorkove kritike njihovog neprikladnog vođenja rata protiv Francuske

led to his exclusion from court and transfer to Ireland.

koštale su ga izbacivanja sa dvora i prebacivanja u Irsku.

Meanwhile, mounting military failures,

U međuvremenu, gomilali su se vojni neuspesi,

and corrupt rule by Margaret and her allies

a podmitljiva vlast Margaret i njenih saveznika

caused widespread discontent,

izazvala je široko nezadovoljstvo.

and in the midst of this chaos,

U sred tog haosa

Richard of York returned with an army to arrest Somerset and reform the court.

Ričard od Jorka se vratio sa vojskom da uhapsi Samerseta i uvede reforme na dvoru.

Initially unsuccessful, he soon got his chance

U početku neuspešan, ubrzo je dobio svoju šansu

when he was appointed Protector of the Realm

kada je proglašen Zaštitnikom kraljevstva

after Henry suffered a mental breakdown.

nakon što je Henri pretrpeo nervni slom.

However, less than a year later,

Međutim, nakon manje od godinu dana,

Henry suddendly recovered

Henri se naglo oporavio

and the Queen convinced him to reverse York's reforms.

pa ga je kraljica nagovorila da ukine Jorkove reforme.

York fled and raised an army once more.

Jork je pobegao i ponovo digao vojsku.

Though he was unable to directly seize the throne,

Iako nije mogao da preuzme vlast direktno,

he managed to be reinstated as Protector

uspeo je da bude ponovo postavljen na mesto zaštitnika

and have himself and his heirs designated to succeed Henry.

a sebe i svoje naslednike imenovao je za Henrijeve naslednike.

But instead of a crown,

Ali, umesto krune,

York's head acquired a pike

Jorkova glava je dobila kolac

after he was killed in battle with the Queen's loyalists.

nakon što je ubijen u bici sa kraljičinim podanicima.

His young son took up the claim and was crowned Edward IV.

Njegov mladi sin preuzeo je pravo na vlast i krunisan je kao Edvard IV.

Edward enjoyed great military success against the Lancasters.

Edvard je izvojevao veliki uspeh protiv Lankastera.

Henry was captured,

Henrija su uhvatili,

while Margaret fled into exile

dok je Margaret pobegla u izgnanstvo

sa svojim navodno svirepim sinom, Edvardom od Vestminstera.

with their reportedly cruel son, Edward of Westminster.

But the newly crowned King made a tragic political mistake

Ali novokrunisani kralj je napravio tragičnu političku grešku

by backing out of his arranged marriage with a French Princess

pošto se povukao iz svog prvog ugovorenog braka sa francuskom princezom

to secretly marry the widow of a minor Noble.

kako bi se u tajnosti venčao udovicom sitnog plemića.

This alienated his most powerful ally, the Earl of Warwick.

To je otuđilo njegovog najmoćnijeg saveznika, Vojvodu od Vorvika.

Warwick allied with the Lancasters,

Vorvik je stupio u savez sa Lankasterima,

turned Edward's jealous younger brother, George, against him,

okrenuo Edvardovog ljubomornog mlađeg brata, Džordža, protiv njega,

and even briefly managed to restore Henry as King,

pa je čak uspeo na kratko da vrati Henrija na mesto kralja.

but it didn't last.

Ali, to nije trajalo dugo.

Edward recaptured the throne,

Edvard je preoteo presto,

the Lancaster Prince was killed in battle,

Lankasterski princ je ubijen u bici,

and Henry himself died in captivity not long after.

a sam Henri je umro u zatočeništvu ubrzo nakon toga.

The rest of Edward IV's reign was peaceful,

Ostatak vladavine Edvarda IV je protekao mirno,

but upon his death in 1483, the bloodshed resumed.

ali nakon njegove smrti 1483. godine, krvoproliće se nastavilo.

Though his twelve-year-old son was due to succeed him,

Iako je trebalo da ga nasledi njegov dvanaestogodišnji sin,

Edward's younger brother Richard III declared his nephews illegitimate

Edvardov mlađi brat Ričard III proglasio je svog nećaka nezakonitim

due to their father's secret marriage.

zbog tajnog braka njihovog oca.

He assumed the regency himself and threw the boys in prison.

Sam je sebe postavio na presto, a dečake strpao u zatvor.

Though no one knows what ultimately became of them,

Iako niko ne zna šta se na kraju zbilo sa njima,

after a while, the Princes disappeared

nakon nekog vremena prinčevi su nestali

and Richard's power seemed secure.

a Ričardova moć je delovala stabilno.

But his downfall would come only two years later

Ali njen kraj je došao nakon samo dve godine

from across the narrow sea of the English Channel.

preko uskog mora Engleskog kanala.

Henry Tudor was a direct descendant of the first Duke of Lancaster,

Henri Tjudor je bio direktni naslednik prvog Vojvode od Lankastera,

raised in exile after his father's death in a previous rebellion.

odrastao u izgnanstvu nakon smrti svog oca u prethodnoj pobuni.

With Richard III's power grab causing a split in the York faction,

Kako je Ričardovo preotimanje vlasti dovelo do razdora među Jorkovima,

Henry won support for his royal claim.

Henri je dobio podršku za svoje pravo na vlast.

Raising an army in France, he crossed the Channel in 1485

Digao je vojsku u Francuskoj, prešao Lamanš 1485. godine,

and quickly defeated Richard's forces.

i ubrzo porazio Ričardove snage.

And by marrying Elizabeth of York, elder sister of the disappeared Princes,

A stupajući u brak sa Elizabetom od Jorka, starijom sestrom nestalih prinčeva,

the newly crowned Henry VII joined the two roses,

novokrunisani Henri VII ujedinio je dve ruže

finally ending nearly a century of war.

i stavio tačku na skoro stogodišnji rat.

We often think of historical wars as decisive conflicts

Često mislimo da su istorijski ratovi presudni konflikti

with clearly defined winners and losers.

sa jasno određenim pobednicima i gubitnicima,

But the Wars of the Roses, like the fiction they inspired,

ali nam Rat ruža, kao i štivo koje su inspirisali,

show us that victories can be uncertain,

pokazuju da pobede mogu biti neizvesne,

alliances unstable,

savezništva nestabilna,

and even the power of Kings as fleeting as the seasons.

pa čak i moć kraljeva prolazna kao godišnja doba.