The wars that inspired Game of Thrones - Alex Gendler

Vojne, ki so bile navdih za Igro prestolov - Alex Gendler

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Matej Divjak

As far as we know,

Kolikor vemo,

Medieval England was never invaded by ice zombies,

srednjeveške Anglije nikoli niso napadli ledeni zombiji,

or terrorized by dragons,

ali terorizirali zmaji,

but it was shaken by a power struggle between two noble families

a pretresla jo je bitka za prevlado med dvema plemiškima družinama,

spanning generations

ki se je raztezala skozi generacije

and involving a massive cast of characters

in v katero je bilo vpletenih veliko akterjev

with complex motives and shifting loyalties.

z zapletenimi motivi in menjavami strani.

If that sounds familiar,

Če vam to zveni znano,

it's because the historical conflicts known as the Wars of the Roses

je to zato, ker je zgodovinski konflikt, znan kot Vojna vrtnic,

served as the basis for much of the drama in Game of Thrones.

služil kot osnova za večino dogajanja v Igri prestolov.

The real-life seeds of war were sewn by the death of King Edward III in 1377.

Zametki vojne segajo v leto 1377, ko je umrl Kralj Edvard III.

Edward's oldest son had died before his father,

Edvardov najstarejši sin je umrl pred svojim očetom,

but his ten-year-old son, Richard II,

a njegov desetletni sin, Rihard II.,

succeeded to the throne ahead of Edward's three surviving sons.

je zasedel prestol pred Edvardovimi tremi še živimi sinovi.

This skipping of an entire generation

S tem, ko so preskočili generacijo,

left lingering claims to the throne among their various offspring,

so med vsemi potomci ostale trajne bitke za prestol,

particularly the Lancasters, descended from Edward's third son,

predvsem med Lancastri, potomci Edvardovega tretjega sina,

and the Yorks, descended from his fourth son.

in Yorki, potomci njegovega četrtega sina.

The name of the ensuing wars

Ime posledičnih vojn

comes from the symbols associated with the two families,

pride iz simbolov, povezanih s tema družinama,

the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster.

Yorška bela vrtnica in Lancasterska rdeča.

The Lancasters first gained the throne

Lancasterji so prvi zavzeli prestol,

when Richard II was deposed by his cousin Henry IV in 1399.

ko je Riharda II. odstavil njegov bratranec Henrik IV. leta 1399.

Despite sporadic unrest,

Kljub občasnim nemirom,

their reign remained secure until 1422,

je njihova vladavina ostala trdna do leta 1422,

when Henry V's death in a military campaign

ko je zaradi smrti Henrika V. v vojaškem pohodu

left an infant Henry VI as king.

na prestolu pristal Henrik VI., ki je bil še dojenček.

Weak-willed and dominated by advisors,

Neodločen in odvisen od svetovalcev,

Henry was eventually convinced to marry Margaret of Anjou to gain French support.

se je Henrik na koncu poročil z Margaret iz Anjouja,

da bi pridobil podporo Francije.

Margaret was beautiful, ambitious,

Margaret je bila lepa, ambiciozna

and ruthless in persecuting any threat to her power,

in neusmiljena v uničevanju svojih nasprotnikov,

and she distrusted Richard of York, most of all.

najbolj sumničava pa je bila do Riharda Yorškega.

York had been the King's close advisor and loyal General,

York je bil kraljev bližnji svetovalec in zvest general,

but was increasingly sidelined by the Queen,

a ga je vedno bolj izrivala kraljica,

who promoted her favorite supporters, like the Earls of Suffolk and Somerset.

ki je povzdignila svoje podpornike, naprimer grofa Suffolka in Somerseta.

York's criticism of their inept handling of the war against France

Yorkovo kritiziranje njune nesposobnosti pri obvladovanju vojne s Francijo,

led to his exclusion from court and transfer to Ireland.

je vodilo v njegovo izločitev z dvora in selitev na Irsko.

Meanwhile, mounting military failures,

Medtem pa je kopičenje vojaških neuspehov

and corrupt rule by Margaret and her allies

in nepošteno vladanje Margaret in njenih zaveznikov

caused widespread discontent,

povzročilo vsesplošno nezadovoljstvo

and in the midst of this chaos,

in med vsem tem kaosom

Richard of York returned with an army to arrest Somerset and reform the court.

se je Rihard Yorški vrnil z vojsko, aretiral Somerseta in reformiral dvor.

Initially unsuccessful, he soon got his chance

Sprva neuspešen je kmalu dobil priložnost,

when he was appointed Protector of the Realm

ko je bil imenovan za Zaščitnika kraljestva,

after Henry suffered a mental breakdown.

ko je Henrik utrpel živčni zlom.

However, less than a year later,

A manj kot leto dni kasneje

Henry suddendly recovered

je Henrik nenadoma okreval

and the Queen convinced him to reverse York's reforms.

in kraljica ga je prepričala, naj izniči Yorkove reforme.

York fled and raised an army once more.

York je pobegnil in še enkrat zbral vojsko.

Though he was unable to directly seize the throne,

Čeprav ni mogel direktno zavzeti prestola,

he managed to be reinstated as Protector

je bil ponovno imenovan za Zaščitnika

and have himself and his heirs designated to succeed Henry.

in poskrbel, da je bil skupaj s sinovi imenovan za Henrikove naslednike.

But instead of a crown,

A namesto da bi ga okronali,

York's head acquired a pike

so Yorkovo glavo napičili na kol,

after he was killed in battle with the Queen's loyalists.

ko je bil ubit v bitki s kraljičinimi privrženci.

His young son took up the claim and was crowned Edward IV.

Njegov mladi sin je prevzel prestol in bil okronan za Edvarda IV.

Edward enjoyed great military success against the Lancasters.

Edvard je doživel velik vojaški uspeh proti Lancasterjem.

Henry was captured,

Henrika so ujeli,

while Margaret fled into exile

medtem ko je Margaret pobegnila,

with their reportedly cruel son, Edward of Westminster.

z njenim domnevno krutim sinom, Edvardom Westminstrskim.

But the newly crowned King made a tragic political mistake

A na novo okronani kralj je naredil tragično politično napako,

by backing out of his arranged marriage with a French Princess

ko se je izognil dogovorjeni poroki s francosko princeso

to secretly marry the widow of a minor Noble.

in se na skrivaj poročil z vdovo manj pomembnega plemiča.

This alienated his most powerful ally, the Earl of Warwick.

To je odtujilo najmočnejšega zaveznika, Grofa iz Warwicka.

Warwick allied with the Lancasters,

Warwick se je povezal z Lancasterji

turned Edward's jealous younger brother, George, against him,

in naščuval Edvardovega mlajšega, ljubosumnega brata Jurija proti njemu

and even briefly managed to restore Henry as King,

in celo na kratko uspel ponovno na prestol postaviti Henrika,

but it didn't last.

a to ni trajalo.

Edward recaptured the throne,

Edvard je ponovno prevzel prestol,

the Lancaster Prince was killed in battle,

Lancasterskega princa so ubili v vojni,

and Henry himself died in captivity not long after.

Henrik sam pa je umrl v ujetništvu nedolgo zatem.

The rest of Edward IV's reign was peaceful,

Nadaljevanje Edvardove vladavine je bilo mirno,

but upon his death in 1483, the bloodshed resumed.

a ob njegovi smrti leta 1483, se je prelivanje krvi nadaljevalo.

Though his twelve-year-old son was due to succeed him,

Čeprav bi ga moral naslediti njegov 12-letni sin,

Edward's younger brother Richard III declared his nephews illegitimate

je Edvardov mlajši brat Rihard III. razglasil svoja nečaka za nelegitimna,

due to their father's secret marriage.

zaradi skrivne poroke njunega očeta.

He assumed the regency himself and threw the boys in prison.

Sam je prevzel nasledstvo in oba dečka vrgel v zapor.

Though no one knows what ultimately became of them,

Čeprav nihče ne ve, kaj se je zgodilo z njima,

after a while, the Princes disappeared

sta čez nekaj časa princa izginila

and Richard's power seemed secure.

in Richardova moč se je zdela zagotovljena.

But his downfall would come only two years later

A njegov propad je prišel samo dve leti kasneje

from across the narrow sea of the English Channel.

prek ozkega morja Angleškega Kanala.

Henry Tudor was a direct descendant of the first Duke of Lancaster,

Henrik Tudorski je bil direktni potomec prvega vojvode Lancasterskega,

raised in exile after his father's death in a previous rebellion.

vzgajan v izgnanstvu po smrti svojega očeta v preteklem uporu.

With Richard III's power grab causing a split in the York faction,

Ker je vzpon Riharda III. povzročil razkol na strani Yorkov,

Henry won support for his royal claim.

je Henrik pridobil podporo pri vzponu na prestol.

Raising an army in France, he crossed the Channel in 1485

Zbral je vojsko v Franciji, prečkal Kanal leta 1485

and quickly defeated Richard's forces.

in hitro premagal Rihardove sile.

And by marrying Elizabeth of York, elder sister of the disappeared Princes,

Ko se je poročil z Elizabeto Yorško, starejšo sestro izginule princese,

the newly crowned Henry VII joined the two roses,

je na novo okronani Henrik VII. združil obe vrtnici

finally ending nearly a century of war.

in s tem končal skoraj stoletje vojne.

We often think of historical wars as decisive conflicts

Pogosto vidimo zgodovinske vojne kot odločilne konflikte,

with clearly defined winners and losers.

kjer je jasno znan zmagovalec in poraženec.

But the Wars of the Roses, like the fiction they inspired,

A Vojna vrtnic, kot fikcija, ki jo je navdihnila,

show us that victories can be uncertain,

nam pokaže, da so zmage lahko negotove,

alliances unstable,

zavezništva nestabilna

and even the power of Kings as fleeting as the seasons.

in celo moč kraljev tako spreminjajoča se kot letni časi.