John Hunter: Teaching with the World Peace Game

譯者: Coco Shen 審譯者: Geoff Chen

I'm very fortunate to be here.

能來到這裡

I feel so fortunate.

我感覺很榮幸

I've been so impressed by the kindness expressed to me.

人們的友善幾乎讓我有些訝異

I called my wife Leslie,

我打電話給我太太雷思里

and I said, "You know, there's so many good people

我說“你知道嗎，這裡有好多好人

trying to do so much good.

要一起做好多好事

It feels like I've landed in a colony of angels."

我感覺我彷彿落到了一群天使之中。”

It's a true feeling.

我真的這樣感覺

But let me get to the talk -- I see the clock is running.

但讓我開始吧 － 時鐘開始跑了

I'm a public school teacher,

我是個公立學校的老師

and I just want to share a story of my superintendent.

我想要和你們分享我的主管的故事

Her name is Pam Moran

她的名字是潘莫然

in Albemarle County, Virginia,

住在維吉尼亞州

the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

藍色背脊山上的山麓小丘

And she's a very high-tech superintendent.

她是個非常高科技的主管

She uses smart boards, she blogs,

她用互動式點子板，她寫部落格

she Tweets, she does Facebook,

她用推特，臉書

she does all this sort of high-tech stuff.

所有高科技的東西她都有

She's a technology leader and instructional leader.

她在科技和指導方面都非常先進

But in her office,

但在她的辦公室裡

there's this old wooden, weather-worn table, kitchen table --

有一張風塵僕僕的老木頭餐桌

peeling green paint, it's kind of rickety.

上面的油漆都掉了，還搖搖晃晃的

And I said, "Pam, you're such a modern, cutting-edge person.

我說“潘，你是個這麼摩登、這麼先進的人

Why is this old table in your office?"

你的辦公室裡怎麼放了一張這麼老的桌子？”

And she told me, she said,

她說

"You know, I grew up in Southwestern Virginia,

“我在維吉尼亞西南部的煤礦

in the coal mines and the farmlands of rural Virginia,

還有維吉尼亞鄉下的農場長大

and this table was in my grandfather's kitchen.

這張桌子原本在我爺爺的廚房

And we'd come in from playing, he'd come in from plowing and working,

我們都在那裡玩，他工作完以後會加入我們

and we'd sit around that table every night.

我們每個晚上圍繞著那張桌子

And as I grew up, I heard so much knowledge

在我的成長過程中，我在那張桌上

and so many insights and so much wisdom

學到許多知識、智慧

come out around this table,

洞悉人世

I began to call it the wisdom table.

我開始叫它智慧桌

And when he passed on, I took this table with me and brought it to my office,

當他離開人世，我把這張桌子帶進我辦公室

and it reminds me of him.

它讓我想起他

It reminds me of what goes on around an empty space sometimes."

它提醒我那些空白空間裡都發生了些甚麼”

The project I'm going to tell you about

我今天所要介紹的這個計劃

is called the World Peace Game,

叫世界和平遊戲

and essentially it is also an empty space.

本質上，它也是個空白的空間

And I'd like to think of it

我喜歡把它想做是

as a 21st century wisdom table, really.

21世紀的智慧桌

It all started back in 1977.

這一切都從1977年開始

I was a young man,

當時我很年輕

and I had been dropping in and out of college.

在大學裡中輟，進進出出

And my parents were very patient,

我的父母很有耐心

but I had been doing intermittent sojourns to India

我在印度斷斷續續地逗留

on a mystical quest.

一個神祕的旅程

And I remember the last time I came back from India --

我記得最後一次我從印度回來

in my long white flowing robes

穿著我飄飄然的白長衫

and my big beard and my John Lennon glasses --

大鬍子和約翰藍儂式的眼鏡

and I said to my father,

我告訴我父親

"Dad, I think I've just about found spiritual enlightenment."

"爸，我想我就快得道了"

He said, "Well there's one more thing you need to find."

他說"除了得道你還需要得到另一個東西"

I said, "What is that, dad?" "A job."

我說"是什麼？" "工作"

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And so they pleaded with me to get a degree in something.

於是他們請求我完成某個大學學位

So I got a degree

於是我畢業了

and it turned out to be education.

讀的是教育

It was an experimental education program.

那是個實驗性的教育課程

It could have been dentistry, but the word "experimental" was in it,

我也可以讀牙醫，但“實驗性”這幾個字

and so that's what I had to go for.

讓我選擇了它

And I went in for a job interview

我去維吉尼亞州的

in the Richmond Public Schools in Virginia, the capital city,

列治文公立小學面試

bought a three-piece suit -- my concession to convention --

穿著我的三件式西裝 － 作為我對現實的讓步

kept my long beard and my afro

但保留了我的大鬍子和爆炸頭

and my platform shoes -- at the time it was the '70s --

和我的厚底鞋 － 那是70年代

and I walked in, and I sat down and had an interview.

我走進去，我坐下，接受面試

And I guess they were hard up for teachers

我想他們很缺老師

because the supervisor, her name was Anna Aro,

當時的主管，她叫安爾若

said I had the job teaching gifted children.

她說我可以去教特殊教育

And I was so shocked, so stunned,

我大吃一驚

I got up and said, "Well, thank you, but what do I do?"

站起來說，"嗯謝謝，但我要做什麽啊?"

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Gifted education hadn't really taken hold too much.

當時並沒有什麼有關特殊教育的教材

There weren't really many materials or things to use.

特殊教育才剛起步

And I said, "What do I do?"

我說“我該怎麼做？”

And her answer shocked me. It stunned me.

她的回答令我大吃一驚

Her answer set the template

她的回答成為我整個事業

for the entire career I was to have after that.

的模板

She said, "What do you want to do?"

她說“你想怎麼做？”

And that question cleared the space.

這個問題讓我有很大空間

There was no program directive, no manual to follow,

當時的特殊教育沒有教材方向，沒有教學手冊

no standards in gifted education

也沒有任何標準

in that way.

就這樣

And she cleared such a space

她提供了很大的空間

that I endeavored from then on

就像我一直努力

to clear a space for my students, an empty space,

為我學生所做的一樣，給他們空間

whereby they could create and make meaning

讓他們用自己的理解力

out of their own understanding.

創造意義

So this happened in 1978,

這發生在1978年

and I was teaching many years later,

多年後我仍然在教書

and a friend of mine introduced me to a young filmmaker.

一個朋友介紹我認識一個電影人

His name is Chris Farina.

他的名字是克里斯法林那

Chris Farina is here today at his own cost.

他今天自費來到這裡

Chris, could you stand up and let them see you --

克里斯，你可以站起來讓大家看看你嗎

a young, visionary filmmaker who's made a film.

一個年輕的，有遠見的電影工作人拍了這部電影

(Applause)

（掌聲）

This film is called "World Peace and Other 4th Grade Achievements."

電影的名字叫"世界和平和其它四年級生的成就"

He proposed the film to me -- it's a great title.

他向我提出拍攝計劃 － 很棒的名字

He proposed the film to me,

他向我提出拍攝計劃

and I said, "Yeah, maybe it'll be on local TV,

我說"嗯說不定可以上當地的地方台

and we can say hi to our friends."

讓我們和朋友揮揮手什麼的。"

But the film has really gone places.

但這電影一炮而紅

Now it's still in debt, but Chris has managed, through his own sacrifice,

雖然仍然在虧損，但克里斯做出許多犧牲

to get this film out.

嘗試讓更多人看到

So we made a film

我們拍了這一部電影

and it turns out to be more than a story about me,

不只是有關我

more than a story about one teacher.

身為一個老師的故事

It's a story that's a testament to teaching and teachers.

這是有關教學的成功見證和其它老師

And it's a beautiful thing.

非常美好

And the strange thing is, when I watch the film --

奇怪的是，當我看電影的時候

I have the eerie sensation of seeing it --

有一種很奇怪的感覺

I saw myself literally disappear.

我彷彿看到自己消失了

What I saw

我在自己身上看到

was my teachers coming through me.

我的老師們的身影

I saw my geometry teacher in high school, Mr. Rucell's

我看到高中的幾何老師，魯瑟先生

wry smile under his handlebar mustache.

在他的小鬍子下微笑

That's the smile I use -- that's his smile.

我的微笑 － 就是他的微笑

I saw Jan Polo's flashing eyes.

我看到珍保羅發亮的雙眼

And they weren't flashing in anger,

它們不是因為憤怒而發亮

they were flashing in love, intense love for her students.

而是因為深刻的，對學生的愛而發亮

And I have that kind of flash sometimes.

我有時也會這樣

And I saw Miss Ethel J. Banks

我看見班克小姐

who wore pearls and high-heels to elementary school every day.

每天戴著珍珠穿著高跟鞋到小學

And you know, she had that old-school teacher stare.

你知道那種老派的老師

You know the one.

都這樣看你

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"And I'm not even talking about you behind me,

"我可不是在講你，我背後的那位仁兄

because I've got eyes in the back of my head."

因為我背後長著眼。"

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You know that teacher?

你認識他嗎？

I didn't use that stare very often,

我很少用到這個眼神

but I do have it in my repertoire.

但我要的話是可以的

And Miss Banks was there as a great mentor for me.

班克小姐是我的良師益友

And then I saw

然後我看到

my own parents, my first teachers.

我自己的父母，我的第一個老師

My father, very inventive, spatial thinker.

我爸爸，一個非常有創造性的思想家

That's my brother Malcolm there on the right.

坐在右邊的是我兄弟馬爾康

And my mother,

還有我媽

who taught me in fourth grade

我在維吉尼亞上種族分隔學校時

in segregated schools in Virginia,

的四年級導師

who was my inspiration.

我的靈感來源

And really, I feel as though,

真的，在我看電影的時候

when I see the film --

我感覺到

I have a gesture she does, like this --

我有和她一樣的姿態，像這樣

I feel like I am a continuation of her gesture.

我覺得我延續了這個姿態

I am one of her teaching gestures.

我是她教學姿態的一部分

And the beautiful thing was,

美妙的是

I got to teach my daughter in elementary school, Madeline.

我在小學裡教到我自己的女兒瑪德蓮

And so that gesture of my mother's

於是我母親的這個姿態

continues through many generations.

會持續好多代

It's an amazing feeling

那種傳承的感覺

to have that lineage.

真的好棒

And so I'm here standing on the shoulders of many people.

於是我在這裡，站在這麼多人的肩膀上

I'm not here alone.

我並不孤單

There are many people on this stage right now.

台上有許多人和我在一起

And so this World Peace Game I'd like to tell you about.

我想和你們談談的這個世界和平遊戲

It started out like this:

是這樣開始的：

it's just a four-foot by five-foot plywood board

它本來只是1978年在都市貧民區的一張

in an inner-city urban school, 1978.

四英尺乘五英尺的板子

I was creating a lesson for students on Africa.

我正在為學生準備一個有關非洲的教材

We put all the problems of the world there,

我們把世界上所有問題放在板子上

and I thought, let's let them solve it.

我想，讓他們解決這些問題吧

I didn't want to lecture or have just book reading.

我不想只是講課或是朗讀

I wanted to have them be immersed

我想要他們學會

and learn the feeling of learning through their bodies.

全心全意地投入學習

So I thought, well they like to play games.

我想，嗯他們喜歡玩遊戲

I'll make something -- I didn't say interactive;

我可以 － 我不是說互動

we didn't have that term in 1978 --

1978年根本還沒有這個字

but something interactive.

但一些可以讓他們互動的遊戲

And so we made the game,

於是我們做了這個遊戲

and it has since evolved

從那時候開始

to a four-foot by four-foot by four-foot

它慢慢演變成四英尺立方

Plexiglass structure.

的耐熱玻璃結構

And it has four Plexiglass layers.

裡面有四層

There's an outer space layer

外太空是一層

with black holes and satellites

裡頭有黑洞和衛星

and research satellites and asteroid mining.

研究衛星和行星研究

There's an air and space level

再來是大氣層

with clouds that are big puffs of cotton we push around

被我們推來推去的這些蓬蓬棉花球是雲朵

and territorial air spaces and air forces,

有不同國家的領空和空軍

a ground and sea level with thousands of game pieces on it --

還有平底和海平面，上面有幾千種不同遊戲塊

even an undersea level

還有海底世界

with submarines and undersea mining.

有潛水艇和深海礦區

There are four countries around the board.

板子上面有四個國家

The kids make up the names of the countries -- some are rich; some are poor.

孩子們可以為自己的國家取名字 － 有些富有有些貧窮

They have different assets, commercial and military.

他們有不同的資產，商業或軍師上的

And each country has a cabinet.

每個國家都有個內閣

There's a Prime Minister, Secretary of State, Minister of Defense

有總理，國務卿，國防部長

and a CFO, or Comptroller.

和財政部長

I choose the Prime Minister based on my relationship with them.

我依照我和他們的關係選擇總理

I offer them the job, they can turn it down,

我提出邀請，他們可以拒絕

and then they choose their own cabinet.

然後他們可以自己選擇內閣

There's a World Bank, arms dealers and a United Nations.

裡頭有世界銀行、軍火商和聯合國

There's also a weather goddess

還有天氣女神

who controls a random stock market and random weather.

她控制陰晴不定的股票市場和天氣

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

That's not all.

這還不是全部

And then there's a 13-page crisis document

裡頭有13頁的危機文件

with 50 interlocking problems.

還有50個連鎖問題

So that, if one thing changes, everything else changes.

如果一件事改變了，其它事也會跟著變

I throw them into this complex matrix,

我把他們扔進這個複雜的世界

and they trust me because we have a deep, rich relationship together.

他們信任我，因為我們和他們關係很好

And so with all these crises,

這些危機

we have -- let's see -- ethnic and minority tensions;

像是 － 民族和少數民族的衝突

we have chemical and nuclear spills,

化學和核子外洩

nuclear proliferation.

核子武器的增產擴散

There's oil spills, environmental disasters,

石油外泄，環境災害

water rights disputes, breakaway republics,

領海紛爭，政體分裂

famine, endangered species and global warming.

飢荒，動物絕種和溫室效應

If Al Gore is here,

如果高爾在這

I'm going to send my fourth-graders from Agnor-Hurt and Venable schools to you

我會派出我兩個小學的四年級學生

because they solved global warming in a week.

因為他們可以在一個禮拜內解決暖化問題

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And they've done it several times too.

而且他們已經解決好幾次了

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So I also have in the game a saboteur --

遊戲裡還有個破壞家

some child -- it's basically a troublemaker --

基本上就是個搗蛋鬼

and I have my troublemaker put to use

這個麻煩製造者

because they, on the surface,

表面上看起來

are trying to save the world and their position in the game.

是要在遊戲裡拯救世界和自己的權利

But they're also trying to undermine everything in the game.

但事實上他們是要暗中破壞遊戲中的所有一切

And they do it secretly through misinformation

他們用散發錯誤情報

and ambiguities and irrelevancies,

曖昧不明，和毫無關聯的事物

trying to cause everyone to think more deeply.

讓遊戲中的每個人仔細思考

The saboteur is there,

破壞家在那

and we also read from Sun Tzu's "The Art of War."

我們也讀孫子兵法

Fourth-graders understand it -- nine years old --

四年級，9歲的孩子可以理解

and they handle that and use that

可以學習如何靈活應用

to understand how to, not follow --

剛開始他們只是照著做

at first they do --

剛開始他們

the paths to power and destruction,

走上爭權奪利和毀滅性的

the path to war.

戰爭之道

They learn to overlook short-sighted reactions

然後慢慢學會不要短視近利

and impulsive thinking,

不要因衝動做出決定

to think in a long-term, more consequential way.

以長期的利弊來檢視，思考可能的後果

Stewart Brand is here, and one of the ideas for this game came from him

在我們之中的 Stewart Brand，其中的一個想法從他而來

with a CoEvolution Quarterly article

從他在《共同進化季刊》裡的

on a peace force.

談論的和平組織而來

And in the game, sometimes students actually form a peace force.

在這個遊戲裡，有時候學生們會組成一個和平小組

I'm just a clock watcher.

我只負責算時間

I'm just a clarifier. I'm just a facilitator.

解釋問題，促進遊戲進行順利

The students run the game.

學生們控制遊戲裡的所有細節

I have no chance to make any policy whatsoever

一旦他們開始玩

once they start playing.

我沒有機會可以制定任何政策

So I'll just share with you ...

我在這裡和你分享 －

(Video) Boy: The World Peace Game is serious.

（影片）男孩：世界和平遊戲是很嚴肅的

You're actually getting taught something like how to take care of the world.

在其中你可以學習如何解決世界問題

See, Mr. Hunter is doing that

Hunter 老師說

because he says his time has messed up a lot,

他這麼做是因為他的時代做錯很多事情

and he's trying to tell us

他想要告訴我們

how to fix that problem.

如何解決這些問題

John Hunter: I offered them a --

John Hunter：我給他們一個 －

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Actually, I can't tell them anything because I don't know the answer.

事實上，我沒辦法告訴他們任何事，因為我也沒有答案

And I admit the truth to them right up front: I don't know.

我一開始就告訴他們事實：我不知道

And because I don't know, they've got to dig up the answer.

正因為我不知道，他們必須自己找出解答

And so I apologize to them as well.

於是我向他們道歉

I say, "I'm so sorry, boys and girls,

我說“小朋友們，我很抱歉

but the truth is

事實是

we have left this world to you in such a sad and terrible shape,

我們把世界交給你的時候，它是這麼混亂

and we hope you can fix it for us,

我們希望你可以幫助我們解決問題

and maybe this game will help you learn how to do it."

說不定這個遊戲可以教你們如何解決。”

It's a sincere apology,

這是個很誠懇的道歉

and they take it very seriously.

他們非常認真地接受了

Now you may be wondering what all this complexity looks like.

現在你可能會想看看這個複雜的遊戲看起來是甚麼樣子

Well when we have the game start, here's what you see.

遊戲開始的時候，它是這個樣子

(Video) JH: All right, we're going into negotiations as of now. Go.

（影片）好的，我們現在開始談判，開始

(Chatter)

（討論聲）

JH: My question to you is, who's in charge of that classroom?

JH:我想問你們，誰在帶領這個教室

It's a serious question: who is really in charge?

我很認真的問：是誰在帶頭？

I've learned to cede control of the classroom

這麼久以來，我總算學會

over to the students over time.

把課堂還給學生

There's a trust and an understanding

這裡頭的信任，理解

and a dedication to an ideal

和對理想的投入

that I simply don't have to do

讓我根本不用

what I thought I had to do as a beginning teacher:

做那些我剛開始做老師時所以為我該做的

control every conversation and response in the classroom.

控制課堂裡的的每個討論和回應

It's impossible. Their collective wisdom

這是不可能的

is much greater than mine,

他們的集體智慧遠遠超過我

and I admit it to them openly.

我直接向他們承認這點

So I'll just share with you some stories very quickly

我現在很快地和你們分享一些故事

of some magical things that have happened.

一些神奇的事

In this game we had a little girl,

在遊戲裡有個小女孩

and she was the Defense Minister of the poorest nation.

她是窮國的國防部長

And the Defense Minister -- she had the tank corps and Air Force and so forth.

身為國防部長 － 她握有坦克隊、空軍等等

And she was next door to a very wealthy, oil-rich neighbor.

她的國家在一個非常富有的、充滿石油的國家旁邊

Without provocation,

在毫無挑釁的狀況下

suddenly she attacked, against her Prime Minister's orders,

她突然違反總理的命令

the next-door neighbor's oil fields.

突擊鄰國的油田

She marched into the oil field reserves,

她把坦克開進對方的油田

surrounded it, without firing a shot,

圍繞它，卻不射擊

and secured it and held it.

只是佔領並掩護它

And that neighbor was unable to conduct any military operations

鄰國無法做出任何反擊

because their fuel supply was locked up.

因為他們的油田被封住了

We were all upset with her, "Why are you doing this?

我們都很生氣，對她說“你幹嘛這樣？

This is the World Peace Game. What is wrong with you?"

這可是世界和平遊戲哎，你有什麼問題啊？“

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This was a little girl and, at nine years old,

這個小女孩，只有九歲

she held her pieces and said, "I know what I'm doing."

她只是握著她的棋子，對她的朋友說

To her girlfriends she said that.

"我知道我自己在做什麼"

That's a breach there.

於是產生了衝突

And we learned in this, you don't really ever want to cross

於是我們學到，絕對不要惹火

a nine year-old girl with tanks.

一個擁有坦克的九歲小女孩

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

They are the toughest opponents.

她們是競爭激烈的對手

And we were very upset.

我們都很憤怒

I thought I was failing as a teacher. Why would she do this?

我想這是我身為教師的失敗：她為什麼會這麼做？

But come to find out, a few game days later --

但幾天後，我逐漸發現

and there are turns where we take negotiation from a team --

每個隊伍都有談判的時候

actually there's a negotiation period with all teams,

所有隊伍都有一個談判時間

and each team takes a turn,

每一組輪流

then we go back in negotiation, around and around,

我們回到談判桌，一次又一次

so each turn around is one game day.

一圈就是一天份的遊戲

So a few game days later it came to light

幾圈談判以後總算真相大白

that we found out this major country

我們發現這個大國

was planning a military offensive

正在計劃一個大型軍事行動

to dominate the entire world.

要征服整個世界

Had they had their fuel supplies, they would have done it.

如果它們握有石油，就可以達成計劃

She was able to see the vectors and trend lines and intentions

她比我們先看到這個這個趨勢

long before any of us

對方的意圖

and understand what was going to happen

理解即將發生的事態

and made a philosophical decision

做出一個哲學性的決定

to attack in a peace game.

在和平遊戲裡攻擊。

Now she used a small war to avert a larger war,

她用一個小的戰爭來避免一個大的戰爭

so we stopped and had a very good philosophical discussion

於是我們把遊戲暫停，一起參與這個哲學討論

about whether that was right,

討論這究竟是對的

conditional good, or not right.

在某些狀況下是好的，或是錯的

That's the kind of thinking that we put them in, the situations.

這就是我們在這種狀況下所思考的

I could not have designed that in teaching it.

我無法設計出這種教材

It came about spontaneously through their collective wisdom.

這必須出自偶然，出自他們自己的集體智慧

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Another example, a beautiful thing happened.

另外一個例子是，一件美好的事發生了

We have a letter in the game.

我們有一封信在遊戲裡

If you're a military commander and you wage troops --

你是個將軍，你增兵

the little plastic toys on the board -- and you lose them,

板子上的一塊塑膠玩具 － 然後你失去了它

I put in a letter.

我放在信裡

You have to write a letter to their parents --

你必須寫一封信給他們的家長

the fictional parents of your fictional troops --

你那虛構士兵的虛構家長

explaining what happened and offering your condolences.

解釋事情發生的經過，並獻上弔辭

So you have a little bit more thought

於是在你準備開戰的時候

before you commit to combat.

你會三思而行

And so we had this situation come up --

於是我們遇見這個狀況

last summer actually,

上一個夏天

at Agnor-Hurt School in Albemarle County --

在 Albemarle 區的 Agnor-Hurt 小學

and one of our military commanders got up to read that letter

我們其中一個將軍起來朗誦這封信

and one of the other kids said, "Mr. Hunter,

另外一個學生起來說“Hunter 先生

let's ask -- there's a parent over there."

那裡有個家長”

There was a parent visiting that day, just sitting in the back of the room.

那天是家長訪問學校的日子，他們都坐在教師後面

"Let's ask that mom to read the letter.

“我們讓那個媽媽來讀這封信，

It'll be more realer if she reads it."

她讀會更有真實感。”

So we did, we asked her, and she gamely picked up the letter.

於是我們問了她，她很配合地拿起信

"Sure." She started reading. She read one sentence.

“好的。”她開始讀，她讀了一句

She read two sentences.

兩句

By the third sentence, she was in tears.

到了第三句，她淚眼盈眶

I was in tears.

我也流淚了

Everybody understood

在場的每個人都懂了

that when we lose somebody, the winners are not gloating.

當有人失去性命，勝利的一方並沒有甚麼好得意的

We all lose.

我們都是輸家

And it was an amazing occurrence and an amazing understanding.

這件事的發生和眾人的理解都很神奇

I'll show you what my friend David says about this.

你們可以看看我朋友大衛怎麼說

He's been in many battles.

他經歷許多戰役

(Video) David: We've really had enough of people attacking.

（影片）大衛：我們真的受夠了攻擊

I mean, we've been lucky [most of] the time.

雖然大部分時候我們都很幸運

But now I'm feeling really weird

但現在我感覺很怪

because I'm living what Sun Tzu said one week.

我現在正經歷孫子說的

One week he said,

他說

"Those who go into battle and win

“那些投身戰爭並勝利的人

will want to go back,

會想回到戰場上

and those who lose in battle

那些戰役的輸家

will want to go back and win."

會想再回去獲得勝利。”

And so I've been winning battles,

我在許多戰役中獲得勝利

so I'm going into battles, more battles.

於是我一次又一次加入他們

And I think it's sort of weird to be living

我的感覺，很奇異的

what Sun Tzu said.

就像孫子所描述的

JH: I get chills every time I see that.

每次我看那個影片，我就打冷顫

That's the kind of engagement you want to have happen.

這就是你想要的投入程度

And I can't design that, I can't plan that,

是我所不能計劃或設計出來的

and I can't even test that.

我甚至不能試驗

But it's self-evident assessment.

但結果很明確

We know that's an authentic assessment of learning.

我們都知道有一些教育成果是不言而喻的

We have a lot of data, but I think sometimes we go beyond data

我們有很多數據，但我認為有時我們應該用真實的例子

with the real truth of what's going on.

超越這些數據

So I'll just share a third story.

讓我分享第三個故事

This is about my friend Brennan.

和我朋友貝南有關

We had played the game one session after school

有一天我們在下課後玩遊戲

for many weeks, about seven weeks,

幾個禮拜，似乎是七個禮拜

and we had essentially solved all 50 of the interlocking crises.

我們基本上解決了50個連鎖危機

The way the game is won is all 50 problems have to be solved

贏得遊戲的方法就是把50個問題全解決

and every country's asset value

而且每個國家的資產

has to be increased above its starting point.

都要比遊戲開始時更多

Some are poor, some are wealthy. There are billions.

有些貧窮，有些富有。有好幾億。

The World Bank president was a third-grader one time.

有一次，世界銀行總裁是個三年級的學生

He says, "How many zeros in a trillion? I've got to calculate that right away."

他說“兆裡面有幾個零？我需要把這個算對。”

But he was setting fiscal policy in that game

他在為其它高中玩家

for high school players who were playing with him.

設立財政政策

So the team that was the poorest

於是窮國

had gotten even poorer.

變得更窮

There was no way they could win.

他們是不可能贏的

And we were approaching four o'clock, our cut-off time --

我們越來越接近下午四點的期限

there was about a minute left --

只剩下一分鐘

and despair just settled over the room.

絕望充滿了整個課堂

I thought, I'm failing as a teacher.

我想，身為教師，我失敗了

I should have gotten it so they could have won.

我應該想辦法讓他們贏的

They shouldn't be failing like this.

他們不應該這樣就失敗了

I've failed them.

我讓他們失望了

And I was just feeling so sad and dejected.

正在我感覺失望和沮喪時

And suddenly, Brennan walked over to my chair

貝南走到我身邊來

and he grabbed the bell, the bell I ring

他拿走我手上的響鐘

to signal a change or a reconvening of cabinets,

原本是用在內閣重組的時候

and he ran back to his seat, rang the bell.

他跑回座位，打響它

Everybody ran to his chair: there was screaming;

每個人都跑到他座位那裡，鬧成一團

there was yelling, waving of their dossiers.

叫著，揮舞著他們的檔案

They get these dossiers full of secret documents.

這些檔案裡充滿祕密文件

They were gesticulating; they were running around.

他們打著手勢，滿教室亂跑

I didn't know what they were doing. I'd lost control of my classroom.

我不知道他們在做甚麼，整個教室失控了

Principal walks in, I'm out of a job.

要是校長在那時候走進來，我就失業了

The parents were looking in the window.

家長從窗子外看近來

And Brennan runs back to his seat. Everybody runs back to their seat.

貝南跑會他的座位，每個人都回到原座

He rings the bell again. He says, "We have" --

他重新敲響鐘。他說 －

and there's 12 seconds left on the clock --

那時還剩下12秒

"we have, all nations, pooled all our funds together.

“我們集合了所有國家的所有資金

And we've got 600 billion dollars.

我們有600億

We're going to offer it as a donation to this poor country.

我們要把這些捐給窮國

And if they accept it, it'll raise their asset value and we can win the game.

如果他們接受，他們就可以提升資本，我們就贏得了遊戲

Will you accept it?"

你們接受嗎？

And there are three seconds left on the clock.

那時只剩下三秒

Everybody looks at this prime minister of that country,

每個人都盯著那個國家的總理

and he says, "Yes."

他回答“好的。”

And the game is won.

於是大家贏得遊戲

Spontaneous compassion

自發的仁愛

that could not be planned for,

不能計劃的

that was unexpected and unpredictable.

無法想像預知的

Every game we play is different.

每次的遊戲都不同

Some games are more about social issues,

某些遊戲有關社會議題

some are more about economic issues.

某些有關經濟議題

Some games are more about warfare.

有些有關戰爭

But I don't try to deny them that reality of being human.

但我從不避免提到我們身為人的真實狀態

I allow them to go there

我讓他們去探索

and, through their own experience, learn, in a bloodless way,

以一種冷血的方式，自己去經歷

how not to do what they consider to be the wrong thing.

如何不去做那些自己認為錯誤的事

And they find out what is right

讓他們找到甚麼是對的

their own way, their own selves.

用他們自己的方法，自己兆

And so in this game,

在這個遊戲裡

I've learned so much from it,

我學了很多

but I would say

我必須說

that if only

倘若

they could pick up a critical thinking tool

他們可以從遊戲裡

or creative thinking tool

找到批判性思考

from this game

和創意思考的方式

and leverage something good for the world,

把那變成真正可以解決世界問題的方法

they may save us all.

來拯救我們所有人

If only.

如果。

And on behalf of all of my teachers

感謝我所有的老師

on whose shoulders I'm standing,

他們的經驗傳承

thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

謝謝各位，謝謝各位，謝謝各位

(Applause)

（掌聲）