Gaming can make a better world | Jane McGonigal

1,387,680 views ・ 2010-03-17

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: dayu Vong 校对人员: Wang Qian
00:15
I'm Jane McGonigal. I'm a game designer.
0
15260
2222
我叫JaneMcGonigal,我是一名游戏设计师
00:17
I've been making games online now for 10 years,
1
17506
2730
我从事网络游戏设计已经10年了
00:20
and my goal for the next decade
2
20260
2976
我未来十年的目标
00:23
is to try to make it as easy to save the world in real life
3
23260
5396
就是希望能让
就像玩网络游戏那样
00:28
as it is to save the world in online games.
4
28680
2556
简单的解决现实生活中的问题
00:31
Now, I have a plan for this,
5
31886
1991
现在,我将解释一下我这么说的原因
00:33
and it entails convincing more people,
6
33901
2913
如果人们能玩到一些更大型、更优秀的游戏
00:36
including all of you, to spend more time playing bigger and better games.
7
36838
4857
当然包括在座的诸位,并且能花费更多的时间在游戏上
你会觉得我的解释更有说服力
00:41
Right now we spend three billion hours a week playing online games.
8
41719
4517
现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时
现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时
00:46
Some of you might be thinking,
9
46617
1619
你们当中有些人可能会觉得
00:48
"That's a lot of time to spend playing games.
10
48260
2143
“花费了这么多时间玩游戏啊”
00:50
Maybe too much time,
11
50427
1302
也许有些多了,因为考虑到
00:51
considering how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world."
12
51753
3483
现实生活中有很多的紧迫的问题需要我们去处理
00:55
But actually, according to my research at the Institute for the Future,
13
55260
3976
但是,根据我在未来问题研究所
对相关问题的研究
00:59
actually the opposite is true.
14
59260
2976
我们花费在游戏上的时间一点也不多
01:02
Three billion hours a week is not nearly enough game play
15
62260
3325
每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足
每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足
01:05
to solve the world's most urgent problems.
16
65609
2398
事实上,我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存
01:08
In fact, I believe that if we want to survive
17
68031
2619
01:10
the next century on this planet,
18
70674
1562
事实上,我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存
01:12
we need to increase that total dramatically.
19
72260
2523
我们需要大量增加游戏时间
01:14
I've calculated the total we need
20
74807
1978
我曾经计算过,我们所需要的游戏时间
01:16
at 21 billion hours of game play every week.
21
76809
3038
是每周210亿小时
01:20
So, that's probably a bit of a counter-intuitive idea,
22
80807
2642
也许这有些违背常理
01:23
so I'll say it again, let it sink in:
23
83473
2541
但,我想重新说一遍,以便于让这种观念被充分理解
01:26
If we want to solve problems like hunger,
24
86038
2198
如果我们想解决诸如饥饿、
01:28
poverty, climate change, global conflict, obesity,
25
88260
3246
贫困、气候变化、全球冲突、肥胖等问题
01:31
I believe that we need to aspire to play games online
26
91530
4016
我坚信我们需要被鼓励
人们去玩网络游戏
01:35
for at least 21 billion hours a week, by the end of the next decade.
27
95570
3572
而且每周至少210亿小时
当然,这将会在十年以后(笑声)
01:39
(Laughter)
28
99166
1008
其实,我是很认真的,不是玩笑
01:40
No. I'm serious. I am.
29
100198
2118
01:42
Here's why.
30
102340
1151
这里是解释,我们把这种场景集合起来
01:43
This picture pretty much sums up why I think games are so essential
31
103515
3243
就是之所以游戏对人类种族
01:46
to the future survival of the human species.
32
106782
2139
能在未来生存非常重要的原因。(笑声)真的
01:48
(Laughter)
33
108945
1004
01:49
Truly.
34
109973
1151
这是一幅由Phil Toldano拍摄的肖像
01:51
This is a portrait by photographer Phil Toledano.
35
111148
2617
01:53
He wanted to capture the emotion of gaming,
36
113789
2240
他想捕捉玩游戏时的一些情感变化
01:56
so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing.
37
116053
3110
因此,他把摄影仪器放在正在玩游戏的游戏玩家面前
这是一幅游戏玩家的经典表情
01:59
And this is a classic gaming emotion.
38
119187
2925
02:02
Now, if you're not a gamer,
39
122136
1905
现在,如果你不是一个游戏玩家
02:04
you might miss some of the nuance in this photo.
40
124065
2397
你就不会察觉出这幅照片中的真正内涵
02:06
You probably see the sense of urgency,
41
126486
2750
你可能会感觉到紧迫、
02:09
a little bit of fear, but intense concentration,
42
129260
3384
一丝的恐惧,而不是精神的高度集中
02:12
deep, deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem.
43
132668
3568
抑或者是集中精力在解决一个难题
02:16
If you are a gamer, you will notice a few nuances here:
44
136260
3737
如果你是一位游戏玩家,你就会感觉到一些不同东西
眼角周围的褶皱是向上的,包括嘴角周围的褶皱也是一样的
02:20
the crinkle of the eyes up, and around the mouth
45
140021
2789
02:22
is a sign of optimism,
46
142834
1595
这是一个非常乐观的迹象
02:24
and the eyebrows up is surprise.
47
144453
2435
并且,眉毛向上翘起是惊讶的标志
02:26
This is a gamer who's on the verge of something called an "epic win."
48
146912
4127
这说明,这个游戏玩家即将在游戏中获得史诗般胜利
(如诗般美妙的巨大胜利,难以想象的胜利)
02:31
(Laughter)
49
151063
1173
笑声
02:32
Oh, you've heard of that.
50
152260
1406
你们曾经听说过这个词,不错
02:33
OK, good, so we have some gamers among us.
51
153690
2532
也就是说你们当中有些是游戏玩家
02:36
An epic win is an outcome that is so extraordinarily positive,
52
156246
4246
这个史诗般的胜利是一个结果
但是它非常令人振奋
02:40
you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it.
53
160516
3016
在得到这个胜利之前你甚至不曾想到竟然能取得成功
02:43
It was almost beyond the threshold of imagination, and when you get there,
54
163556
4259
这个成功甚至超出了你的想象
当你一旦达到并完成,你就会被自己的技能所震撼
02:47
you're shocked to discover what you're truly capable of.
55
167839
2659
这就是所谓的“史诗般的胜利”
02:50
That's an epic win.
56
170522
1158
02:51
This is a gamer on the verge of an epic win.
57
171704
2384
而这个玩家即将取得这样的胜利
同时,这也是在下个世纪,
02:54
And this is the face that we need to see
58
174112
2413
02:56
on millions of problem-solvers all over the world
59
176549
2687
我们所期望的在处理全球众多问题
02:59
as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century --
60
179260
3321
排除各种障碍时露出的表情
03:02
the face of someone who, against all odds,
61
182605
2631
能排除万难的人
03:05
is on the verge of an epic win.
62
185260
1897
是无往不胜的
03:07
Now, unfortunately this is more of the face that we see
63
187181
3316
现在,不幸的是,当我们处理日常生活中各种紧急事件的时候,
03:10
in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems.
64
190521
2771
我们往往看到的是这个表情
03:13
This is what I call the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
65
193316
2499
通常我称这个为“不擅长生活”表情
03:15
This is actually me making it.
66
195839
1500
事实上是我自己做出的这个,能否从中看出来呢?好的
03:17
Can you see? Yes. Good.
67
197363
1253
03:18
This is me making the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
68
198640
2596
这就是我做出的“不擅长生活”表情
03:21
This is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood
69
201260
2381
这也是我在加州的伯克利的一个老社区进修我的博士学位时的
03:23
in Berkeley, California, where I did my PhD
70
203665
2255
一个涂鸦
03:25
on why we're better in games than we are in real life.
71
205944
3214
而我读博士研究的课题就是“为什么我们觉得虚拟游戏世界比现实世界更好”
03:29
And this is a problem that a lot of gamers have.
72
209182
2279
同时这也是一个很多游戏玩家的难题
03:31
We feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games.
73
211485
4277
我们感觉自己无法像在游戏中一样适应现实生活
03:35
I don't mean just good as in successful, although that's part of it.
74
215786
3450
我不认为适应就是成功,二者不是等价的
纵然适应是成功的一部分
03:39
We do achieve more in game worlds.
75
219260
1845
我们确实在游戏世界中收获更多的成功
03:41
But I also mean good as in motivated to do something that matters --
76
221129
3966
但是这里所说的适应
就是指去做紧要事情的内在动力、
03:45
inspired to collaborate and to cooperate.
77
225119
2784
激起合作的灵感以及协作
03:47
And when we're in game worlds,
78
227927
1452
当我们处于游戏世界时
03:49
I believe that many of us become the best version of ourselves --
79
229403
3057
我觉得我们可以做最好的自己
这时看到一个消息我们就会去帮助别人
03:52
the most likely to help at a moment's notice,
80
232484
2118
03:54
the most likely to stick with a problem as long at it takes,
81
234626
2841
并且会持之以恒的解决一个问题
面对挫折我们会勇敢得站起来,并且继续奋斗
03:57
to get up after failure and try again.
82
237491
2086
03:59
And in real life, when we face failure,
83
239601
3635
但,在现实生活中,当我们面对失败的时候
04:03
when we confront obstacles, we often don't feel that way.
84
243260
2890
当我们遭遇障碍的时候,我们通常就不会那么感觉了
我们通常会觉得
04:06
We feel overcome, we feel overwhelmed,
85
246174
2842
很压抑、不知所措、
04:09
we feel anxious, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical.
86
249040
3740
不知所措、焦虑,甚至沮丧、灰心或者愤世嫉俗
04:12
We never have those feelings when we're playing games,
87
252804
2556
这个时候我们就没有玩游戏那个时候的感受了
在游戏中就不会存在这些感觉
04:15
they just don't exist in games.
88
255384
1539
04:16
So that's what I wanted to study when I was a graduate student.
89
256947
3057
这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西
这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西
04:20
What about games makes it impossible
90
260028
2472
游戏能否让我们觉得,
04:22
to feel that we can't achieve everything?
91
262524
2453
做不成任何事情是不可能的呢?
我们怎么才能把从游戏中获得的这种感觉
04:25
How can we take those feelings from games
92
265001
2404
04:27
and apply them to real-world work?
93
267429
1663
转移到现实社会的工作中呢
04:29
So I looked at games like World of Warcraft,
94
269116
2398
因此,我研究了一些像《魔兽世界》这样的游戏
04:31
which is really the ideal collaborative problem-solving environment.
95
271538
3285
它们正是理想的解决协作问题的平台
04:34
And I started to notice a few things
96
274847
1824
我注意到一些事情
04:36
that make epic wins so possible in online worlds.
97
276695
3157
正是这些事情让史诗般的胜利在网络游戏里面变得可能
04:39
The first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games,
98
279876
3285
第一件事情是,无论何时当你出现在这些网络游戏里面的时候
特别是《魔兽世界》
04:43
especially in World of Warcraft,
99
283185
1579
04:44
there are lots and lots of different characters
100
284788
2294
游戏里面会有很多不同的角色
04:47
who are willing to trust you with a world-saving mission, right away.
101
287106
4254
他们对你非常信任,并且会帮助你完成拯救世界的任务
04:51
But not just any mission,
102
291384
1501
但并不是所有的任务都是这样,
04:52
it's a mission that is perfectly matched with your current level in the game.
103
292909
3816
而仅仅是那些完全匹配你当前等级的任务
04:56
Right? So you can do it.
104
296749
1706
因此,你有能力去完成它
04:58
They never give you a challenge you can't achieve.
105
298479
2445
设计者不会给你一个就你当前的能力完成不了的任务
05:00
But it is on the verge of what you're capable of,
106
300948
2375
但完成这个任务需要发挥你能力的极限,因此,你必须尽你最大努力
05:03
so you have to try hard.
107
303347
1244
05:04
But there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft; no sitting around,
108
304615
3321
在魔兽世界里人人都有自己的职位
那里没有观众
05:07
wringing your hands --
109
307960
1151
那里一直有一些非常特别并且很重要的事情等着你去完成
05:09
there's always something specific and important to be done.
110
309135
2819
05:11
There are also tons of collaborators.
111
311978
1833
并且游戏世界里有很多的人可以协作
05:13
Everywhere you go, hundreds of thousands of people
112
313835
2388
不论你到了哪里,
都会有成千上万的人等着和你合作
05:16
ready to work with you to achieve your epic mission.
113
316247
2942
去完成那些艰巨的任务
05:19
That's not something we have in real life that easily,
114
319213
2626
在现实生活中就没有这么轻松了
05:21
this sense that at our fingertips are tons of collaborators.
115
321863
2989
这种在我们指尖间就有成千上万合作伙伴的感觉
在现实生活中就没有这么简单了
05:24
And there's this epic story, this inspiring story of why we're there,
116
324876
3491
在游戏中会有美妙的故事情节,而这些情节
吸引了我们,并且激励着我们的所作所为
05:28
and what we're doing,
117
328391
1161
05:29
and we get all this positive feedback.
118
329576
1878
同时,对于我们所做出的任何努力都会有一个积极肯定的回应
05:31
You guys have heard of leveling up, +1 strength, +1 intelligence.
119
331478
3993
你们肯定听说过等级提升,
伴随着等级提升力量加一点同时智力加一点
05:35
We don't get that kind of constant feedback in real life.
120
335495
2682
而我们在现实生活中就没有这种持续的回馈
比如说,当我走下这个舞台的时候,我不会有
05:38
When I get off this stage,
121
338201
1241
05:39
I'm not going to have +1 speaking, and +1 crazy idea,
122
339466
4882
演说能力加一,疯狂的创意能力加一
更不用说疯狂的创意能力加20了
05:44
+20 crazy idea.
123
344372
1664
05:46
I don't get that feedback in real life.
124
346060
2018
在现实生活中我没有得到任何奖励
05:48
Now, the problem with collaborative online environments like World of Warcraft
125
348102
4848
在网络虚拟环境中,比如《魔兽世界》
在网络虚拟环境中,比如《魔兽世界》
05:52
is that it's so satisfying to be on the verge of an epic win all the time,
126
352974
4155
和别人协作是一件非常惬意的事情
因为我们可以不停得向最终的胜利冲击
05:57
we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds.
127
357153
2575
也正是因为如此我们才会一直沉醉于游戏世界中
05:59
It's just better than reality.
128
359752
1484
因为它比现实更好
06:01
So, so far, collectively all the World of Warcraft gamers
129
361260
2976
到目前为止,《魔兽世界》的游戏玩家们已经花费了总数为593万年的时间
06:04
have spent 5.93 million years
130
364260
2976
去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题
06:07
solving the virtual problems of Azeroth.
131
367260
3976
去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题
06:11
Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing.
132
371260
2160
这不是一件坏事
06:13
It might sound like it's a bad thing.
133
373777
1859
不过听起来像是一件坏事
06:15
But to put that in context:
134
375660
1324
我们把这些数字写下来:
06:17
5.93 million years ago
135
377008
2083
593万年前
06:19
was when our earliest primate human ancestors stood up.
136
379115
4625
我们人类的祖先灵长类开始了直立行走
06:23
That was the first upright primate.
137
383764
2730
这是第一种直立行走的灵长类动物
06:26
So when we talk about how much time
138
386518
3104
因此,当我们谈论我们在游戏上花费了那么多时间时
06:29
we're currently investing in playing games,
139
389646
2012
唯一让这件事情合理的理解方式就是:去想一想
06:31
the only way it makes sense to even think about it
140
391682
2778
在人类进化进程中
06:34
is to talk about time at the magnitude of human evolution,
141
394484
3752
我们所花费的时间有多少
06:38
which is an extraordinary thing.
142
398260
1976
而且这是一件多么不同寻常的事情!
06:40
But it's also apt,
143
400260
1508
这样去想是恰当的,因为你会发现
06:41
because it turns out that by spending all this time playing games,
144
401792
3158
通过花费大量的时间去玩游戏
06:44
we're actually changing what we are capable of as human beings.
145
404974
3262
我们能改变我们做人的能力
我们能改变我们做人的能力
06:48
We're evolving to be a more collaborative and hearty species.
146
408260
3314
我们正不断发展成为一个更具有协作精神和更强健的物种
06:51
This is true. I believe this.
147
411923
1445
这是真的,我深信不疑
06:53
So, consider this really interesting statistic;
148
413709
2841
来看一个有趣的调查
06:56
it was recently published by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University:
149
416574
3484
这份调查结果是由一位来自卡内基梅隆大学的研究者发布的
在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家,当今的年轻人
07:00
The average young person today in a country with a strong gamer culture
150
420082
4154
在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家,当今的年轻人
07:04
will have spent 10,000 hours playing online games
151
424260
3654
在其21岁前,平均每人
07:07
by the age of 21.
152
427938
1246
花费在网络游戏上的时间可达10000小时
07:09
Now 10,000 hours is a really interesting number for two reasons.
153
429699
3306
现在,一万小时是一个很有趣的数值
主要是因为有两个原因
07:13
First of all, for children in the United States,
154
433680
3446
首先,美国的儿童
07:17
10,080 hours is the exact amount of time you will spend in school,
155
437150
4984
从五年级到高中毕业
所需要的时间
07:22
from fifth grade to high school graduation,
156
442158
2102
就是10080个小时
07:24
if you have perfect attendance.
157
444284
1523
当然你得表现良好(按时上课,出勤)
07:25
(Laughter)
158
445831
1001
07:26
So, we have an entire parallel track of education going on,
159
446856
3585
我们就有了一份并行跟踪教育的数据,
它显示:
07:30
where young people are learning as much about what it takes to be a good gamer
160
450465
3708
年轻人做一个好的游戏玩家所花费的时间
与他们在学校里面学习知识
07:34
as they're learning about everything else in school.
161
454197
2480
所用的时间是一样多的
07:36
Some of you have probably read Malcolm Gladwell's new book "Outliers,"
162
456701
3587
你们当中的有些人肯定读过
MalcomGladwell的新书《局外人》
07:40
so you would have heard of his theory of success,
163
460312
2342
因此你们对作者关于成功理论的见解也就不是那么陌生了
07:42
the "10,000 hours" theory of success.
164
462678
2099
一万小时成功法则
07:44
It's based on this great cognitive-science research
165
464801
2435
这个法则是基于认知科学研究的
07:47
that says if we can master 10,000 hours
166
467260
3317
如果我们在21岁前能花费10000小时
07:50
of effortful study at anything by the age of 21,
167
470601
3373
专心努力的学习或者是做一些其他的事情,
那么我们一定可以在这些事情上获得巨大成功
07:53
we will be virtuosos at it.
168
473998
1499
07:55
We will be as good at whatever we do
169
475521
1715
我们将在我们所做的任何事情上
07:57
as the greatest people in the world.
170
477260
1841
成为世界级专家
07:59
And so, now what we're looking at
171
479125
2758
现在,我们所关注的就是
08:01
is an entire generation of young people who are virtuoso gamers.
172
481907
3881
擅长游戏的
整整一代年轻人
最大的问题就是
08:07
So, the big question is,
173
487018
2218
08:09
"What exactly are gamers getting so good at?"
174
489260
3317
“这些游戏玩家擅长于做些什么?”
08:12
Because if we could figure that out,
175
492601
1785
如果我们能给出答案
08:14
we would have a virtually unprecedented human resource on our hands.
176
494410
4405
我们将会发掘出一个
史无前例的人力资源
08:18
This is how many people we now have in the world
177
498839
2263
他们就是我们现在所拥有的那些
08:21
who spend at least an hour a day playing online games.
178
501126
2887
每天花费至少一小时去玩网络游戏的游戏玩家们
他们都是技艺精湛的游戏高手
08:24
These are our virtuoso gamers,
179
504037
2096
08:26
500 million people who are extraordinarily good at something.
180
506157
3832
5亿擅长于某些事情的人
08:30
And in the next decade,
181
510918
1318
在接下来的十年里
08:32
we're going to have another billion gamers
182
512260
2000
又会有10亿多擅长于
08:34
who are extraordinarily good at whatever that is.
183
514284
2777
某个领域的新游戏玩家加入进来
08:37
If you don't know it already, this is coming.
184
517085
2151
如果闻所未闻,那么我告诉你,这件事正在进行
08:39
The game industry is developing consoles
185
519260
1976
游戏产业一直在不停的发展
08:41
that are low-energy and that work with the wireless phone networks
186
521260
3354
现如今,它的低能耗,
08:44
instead of broadband Internet,
187
524638
1826
以及从宽带互联网到无线手机网络的变革
08:46
so that gamers all over the world,
188
526488
1748
让全球的游戏玩家,
08:48
particularly in India, China, Brazil, can get online.
189
528260
3824
尤其是来自印度、中国、巴西的玩家们,可以在同一个平台里竞技
08:52
They expect one billion more gamers in the next decade.
190
532108
2626
据预测,在接下来的十年里将会有10亿的新玩家加入其中
08:54
It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers.
191
534758
2024
届时,我们就会有15亿之众的游戏玩家
08:57
So I've started to think about
192
537217
1468
因此,我早早的开始了思考,
08:58
what these games are making us virtuosos at.
193
538709
2216
这些游戏将把我们引向何方?
09:00
Here are the four things I came up with.
194
540949
1951
对此我觉得大体有四个方面。首先就是对于紧急事件的积极心态,紧急乐观
09:02
The first is urgent optimism.
195
542924
1960
09:04
OK, think of this as extreme self-motivation.
196
544908
2682
把它想象成是极端的自我激励
09:08
Urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately
197
548003
3048
急切的乐观精神是
结合着
09:11
to tackle an obstacle,
198
551075
1657
09:12
combined with the belief that we have a reasonable hope of success.
199
552756
3580
自己必胜信念
对立马解决障碍的渴望
09:17
Gamers always believe that an epic win is possible,
200
557003
2686
游戏玩家始终相信
09:19
and that it's always worth trying, and trying now.
201
559713
2705
不可能取得的胜利也是可能的
09:22
Gamers don't sit around.
202
562442
1250
游戏玩家不是孤立的
09:24
Gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric.
203
564033
4056
他们很擅长组建严密的社会结构
09:28
There's a lot of interesting research that shows
204
568113
2257
一项有趣的调查显示
09:30
we like people better after we play a game with them,
205
570394
2556
我们更喜欢那些与我们一同玩游戏的人
09:32
even if they've beaten us badly.
206
572974
1809
即便是他们把我打败了,亦是如此
09:34
And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust to play a game with someone.
207
574807
3342
原因就是,在游戏过程中我们累积了信任
原因就是,在游戏过程中我们累积了信任
09:38
We trust that they will spend their time with us,
208
578173
2292
我们之所以信任,就是因为他们和我们花费同样的时间
09:40
that they will play by the same rules,
209
580489
1842
遵守同样的规则
09:42
value the same goal, stay with the game until it's over.
210
582355
3332
拥有着共同的目标,我们将肩并肩作战(在一起)直至游戏结束
09:45
And so, playing a game together
211
585711
1568
基于此,一同游戏的确可以建立
09:47
actually builds up bonds and trust and cooperation.
212
587303
2933
默契、信任和协作
09:50
And we actually build stronger social relationships as a result.
213
590260
3825
进而,我们会建立一个更强健的社会关系网络
09:54
Blissful productivity. I love it.
214
594498
1738
幸福的生产力,我非常喜欢这个
09:56
You know, there's a reason why the average World of Warcraft gamer
215
596260
3294
《魔兽世界》的玩家们平均花费
一周22小时,
09:59
plays for 22 hours a week -- kind of a half-time job.
216
599578
2658
就像一个兼职一样玩游戏是有原因的
10:02
It's because we know, when we're playing a game,
217
602260
2602
就是因为,当我们玩游戏的时候
10:04
that we're actually happier working hard
218
604886
2349
相对于休闲或者逛街来说,
我们加倍努力的玩游戏会让我们更开心
10:07
than we are relaxing, or hanging out.
219
607259
2251
10:09
We know that we are optimized as human beings,
220
609534
2278
作为人类来说,
10:11
to do hard and meaningful work.
221
611836
1618
我们更喜欢做那些虽然很难但是更有趣的事情(工作)
10:13
And gamers are willing to work hard all the time,
222
613478
3207
如果能够提供一个合适的任务给游戏玩家,
他们就会一直不停地努力玩下去
10:16
if they're given the right work.
223
616709
1601
10:19
Finally: epic meaning.
224
619089
1437
最后,是史诗的含义
10:21
Gamers love to be attached to awe-inspiring missions
225
621034
3737
游戏玩家喜欢依附在
10:24
to human planetary-scale stories.
226
624795
4012
那些关乎人类星际故事的威严任务里面
10:28
So, just one bit of trivia that helps put that into perspective:
227
628831
3740
你所做的任何一点点的琐事都会成为那个最终的美好愿景的一部分
10:32
So, you all know Wikipedia, biggest wiki in the world.
228
632595
3641
大家都听说过维基百科,全球最大的Wiki(wiki是一种在网路上开放、可供多人协同创作的超文本系统)
10:36
Second biggest wiki in the world, with nearly 80,000 articles,
229
636617
3619
全球第二大的wiki,
10:40
is the World of Warcraft wiki.
230
640260
1976
就是《魔兽世界》wiki,里面大约有8万篇文章
10:42
Five million people use it every month.
231
642260
1976
每个月都有500万人在使用它
10:44
They have compiled more information about World of Warcraft on the Internet
232
644260
3659
里面集合的有关《魔兽世界》的信息
比网络上任何其他主题的信息
10:47
than any other topic covered on any other wiki in the world.
233
647943
3107
都要多
10:51
They are building an epic story.
234
651074
2036
这就创造了一个史诗般的故事
10:53
They are building an epic knowledge resource
235
653134
2222
同时也创就了一个关于《魔兽世界》的
10:55
about the World of Warcraft.
236
655380
1532
如史诗般的巨大的知识资源
10:56
Okay, so these are four superpowers that add up to one thing:
237
656936
4300
这就是把那四种超能力集中到一件事情上的例子
11:01
Gamers are super-empowered hopeful individuals.
238
661260
4486
游戏玩家们就是一个被高度授权、极具希望的群体
11:06
These are people who believe that they are individually capable
239
666055
3205
他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力
11:09
of changing the world.
240
669284
1550
他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力
11:10
And the only problem is,
241
670858
1635
但问题是他们相信自己能改变的世界是
11:12
they believe that they are capable of changing virtual worlds
242
672517
3029
虚拟世界,
11:15
and not the real world.
243
675570
1666
而不是现实世界
11:17
That's the problem that I'm trying to solve.
244
677260
2113
这正是我所努力去解决的难题
11:19
There's an economist named Edward Castronova.
245
679873
2363
有一位叫Edward Castronova的经济学家
11:22
His work is brilliant.
246
682260
1170
他的工作非常卓越。
11:23
He looks at why people are investing so much time and energy
247
683454
2902
他研究人们花费这么多时间、
11:26
and money in online worlds.
248
686380
1856
精力和金钱在网络游戏里面的原因
11:28
And he says,
249
688260
1183
他说:“我们正在见证着大批的人
11:29
"We're witnessing what amounts to no less than a mass exodus
250
689467
3308
沉溺于虚拟世界
11:32
to virtual worlds and online game environments."
251
692799
2437
和网络游戏当中”
11:35
And he's an economist, so he's rational.
252
695260
2189
因为他是一位经济学家,所以他是理性的
11:37
And he says --
253
697473
1437
他还说...(笑声)
11:38
(Laughter)
254
698934
1643
11:40
Not like me, I'm a game designer; I'm exuberant.
255
700601
2285
不像我,我只是一个游戏设计师,我充满了活力
11:42
But he says that this makes perfect sense,
256
702910
4199
他还说,玩游戏变得更有意义
因为游戏玩家在虚拟世界里得到了
11:47
because gamers can achieve more in online worlds
257
707133
2424
比现实生活中更多的东西
11:49
than they can in real life.
258
709581
1326
11:50
They can have stronger social relationships in games
259
710931
2461
他们在游戏里可以拥有
比现实生活中更好的社会关系
11:53
than they can have in real life;
260
713416
1555
11:54
they get better feedback and feel more rewarded in games
261
714995
2967
玩家也可以获得比现实生活
11:57
than they do in real life.
262
717986
1250
中更好的回报以及成就感
11:59
So he says, for now it makes perfect sense
263
719260
2000
因此,他说对于游戏玩家而言,
12:01
for gamers to spend more time in virtual worlds than the real world.
264
721284
3575
花费更多的时间在虚拟空间中比现实社会里更有意义
12:04
Now, I also agree that that is rational, for now.
265
724883
3353
现在我依然觉得这很理性
12:08
But it is not, by any means, an optimal situation.
266
728260
2976
但是,无论如何,这不是最佳选项
12:11
We have to start making the real world work more like a game.
267
731260
2976
我们不得不从现在开始把现实社会构建得像一个游戏
12:14
I take my inspiration from something that happened
268
734637
2982
因此,我从发生于2500年前的
12:17
2,500 years ago.
269
737643
1429
一些事情中获取灵感
12:19
These are ancient dice, made out of sheep's knuckles.
270
739652
3584
这些是古老的骰子,由羊的关节骨制作而成
12:23
Before we had awesome game controllers,
271
743260
1976
在我们设计出游戏控制器前
12:25
we had sheep's knuckles.
272
745260
1813
我们人类已经拥有了羊关节制作的骰子
12:27
And these represent the first game equipment
273
747097
3068
这就是人类设计出的
最早的游戏器械
12:30
designed by human beings,
274
750189
1866
12:32
and if you're familiar with the work of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus,
275
752079
3744
如果你对古希腊历史学家的作品比较熟悉的话
如古希腊历史学家希罗多德,你就会了解这段历史
12:35
you might know this history,
276
755847
1509
游戏发明的历史
12:37
which is the history of who invented games and why.
277
757380
2920
是什么以及原因是什么呢
12:40
Herodotus says that games, particularly dice games,
278
760976
2844
希罗多德说游戏,特别是骰子游戏
12:43
were invented in the kingdom of Lydia,
279
763844
2392
是由Lydia(小亚细亚西部的富裕古国)
12:46
during a time of famine.
280
766260
1809
王国在一次大饥荒中发明的
12:48
Apparently, there was such a severe famine
281
768093
2339
显然,历史上曾经有过这么一次严重的饥荒
12:50
that the king of Lydia decided they had to do something crazy.
282
770456
3780
Lydia国王决定做一些他们不得不做的疯狂的事情
12:54
People were suffering. People were fighting.
283
774260
2096
当时人民在遭受痛苦,互相争斗
12:56
It was an extreme situation, they needed an extreme solution.
284
776380
3856
形式非常危机。
他们需要一个极端的解决方案
13:00
So, according to Herodotus, they invented dice games,
285
780260
2976
据希罗多德说,他们因此而发明了骰子游戏
13:03
and they set up a kingdom-wide policy:
286
783260
2976
并且制定了一个全国范围内的政策
13:06
On one day, everybody would eat,
287
786260
2582
某一天,所有人可以吃东西
13:08
and on the next day, everybody would play games.
288
788866
2370
但是第二天,所有人就只能玩游戏
13:11
And they would be so immersed in playing the dice games,
289
791260
2634
人们专心的玩骰子游戏
13:13
because games are so engaging,
290
793918
1444
因为游戏极具吸引力
13:15
and immerse us in such satisfying, blissful productivity,
291
795386
3212
可以使我们沉浸在如此自我满足的幸福“生产”活动中
13:18
they would ignore the fact that they had no food to eat.
292
798622
2714
人们就会忘掉他们没有食物可吃的事实
13:21
And then on the next day, they would play games;
293
801360
2286
第二天人们就会通过玩游戏度日
13:23
and on the next day, they would eat.
294
803670
1876
接下来的第二天他们就会去吃东西
13:25
And according to Herodotus,
295
805570
1666
据希罗多德所说
13:27
they passed 18 years this way,
296
807260
1976
Lydia国的人民用这种方式度过了18年
13:29
surviving through a famine,
297
809260
1739
用吃一天、玩游戏玩一天的方式
13:31
by eating on one day, and playing games on the next.
298
811023
2666
他们顺利的度过了大饥荒
13:33
Now, this is exactly, I think, how we're using games today.
299
813713
3704
这也是现如今我们
如何看待游戏的
13:37
We're using games to escape real-world suffering --
300
817986
2707
我们通过玩游戏逃避现实中的痛苦
13:40
we're using games to get away
301
820717
1591
我们通过玩游戏来避开现实环境中那些
13:42
from everything that's broken in the real environment,
302
822332
2589
残缺不全、不能令人满意的东西
13:44
everything that's not satisfying about real life,
303
824945
2546
同时从中获取我们所需的东西
13:47
and we're getting what we need from games.
304
827515
2098
13:49
But it doesn't have to end there.
305
829637
1599
而这个过程可以实现永无止境
13:51
This is really exciting.
306
831260
1976
这是令人非常激动的
13:53
According to Herodotus, after 18 years the famine wasn't getting better,
307
833260
4976
据希罗多德所著,在18年后
大饥荒没有任何改善、变好的迹象
13:58
so the king decided they would play one final dice game.
308
838260
3440
因此,国王决定全国人玩最后一次骰子游戏
他把全国人平均分成两组
14:02
They divided the entire kingdom in half.
309
842668
2373
14:05
They played one dice game,
310
845429
1708
他们一起玩一场骰子游戏
14:07
and the winners of that game got to go on an epic adventure.
311
847161
3419
游戏的胜利一方将会踏上冒险的远征行程
14:10
They would leave Lydia,
312
850604
1632
他们将会离开Lydia
14:12
and they would go out in search of a new place to live,
313
852260
2975
去寻找一个新地方居住
14:15
leaving behind just enough people
314
855259
2200
留下来的人则可以用
14:17
to survive on the resources that were available,
315
857483
2293
现存的资源度过饥荒
14:19
and hopefully to take their civilization somewhere else where they could thrive.
316
859800
3825
离开的人则肩负着传播、
兴旺文明的重担
14:23
Now, this sounds crazy, right?
317
863649
1899
这听起来很疯狂,难道不是吗?
14:25
But recently, DNA evidence has shown that the Etruscans,
318
865572
4418
不过,最近DNA证据显示
罗马帝国的祖先——伊楚利亚人(Etruscans)
和古利迪亚人(Lydians)
14:30
who then led to the Roman Empire,
319
870014
1762
14:31
actually share the same DNA as the ancient Lydians.
320
871800
2905
拥有相同的基因
14:34
And so, recently, scientists have suggested
321
874729
2507
最近科学家们发现
14:37
that Herodotus' crazy story is actually true.
322
877260
2397
希罗多德的疯狂故事在历史上确有其事
14:39
And geologists have found evidence of a global cooling
323
879681
2969
地质学家也寻找到了证据
表明地球上曾经有过长达20年的全球降温
14:42
that lasted for nearly 20 years, that could have explained the famine.
324
882674
3736
这就可以解释这次大饥荒的由来了
14:46
So this crazy story might be true.
325
886434
2230
因此,这个看似疯狂的故事兴许是真的
14:48
They might have actually saved their culture by playing games,
326
888688
3896
他们通过玩游戏保留了
他们的文化
14:52
escaping to games for 18 years,
327
892608
1922
并且在游戏中躲避现实长达18年
14:54
and then been so inspired,
328
894554
1452
最终得以流传下来
14:56
and knew so much about how to come together with games,
329
896030
2682
他们早就参悟出了如何通过游戏把人聚到一起
14:58
that they actually saved the entire civilization that way.
330
898736
2737
也正是通过这种方式拯救了整个文明
15:01
Okay, we can do that.
331
901497
1165
我们也可以通过这种方式做到
15:02
(Laughter)
332
902686
1022
15:03
We've been playing Warcraft since 1994.
333
903732
2338
人们从1994年开始就在玩魔兽了
15:06
That was the first real-time strategy game from the World of Warcraft series.
334
906094
3671
这是魔兽世界系列里的第一款实时的战略游戏
而这就是16年前的事情
15:09
That was 16 years ago.
335
909789
1399
古人玩骰子游戏长达18年
15:11
They played dice games for 18 years,
336
911600
1793
15:13
we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years.
337
913417
2246
我们则玩魔兽16年
15:15
I say we are ready for our own epic game.
338
915687
3158
所以我断言,我们已经准备好去接受一个能改变我们生活的游戏了(史诗般的游戏)
15:18
Now, they had half the civilization go off in search of a new world,
339
918869
4610
古人通过所掌握的
二分之一的文明去寻找新世界
15:23
so that's where I get my 21 billion hours a week of game-play from.
340
923503
3849
而我们现在则有每周长达210亿小时的玩游戏时间
让我们中一半的人
15:27
Let's get half of us to agree
341
927376
1860
15:29
to spend an hour a day playing games,
342
929260
1976
每天玩游戏一小时
15:31
until we solve real-world problems.
343
931260
1842
直至我们可以去解决现实生活中的问题
15:33
Now, I know you're asking,
344
933126
1572
你可能会问,“我们在游戏中如何解决现实中的问题呢?”
15:34
"How are we going to solve real-world problems in games?"
345
934722
2679
这也是我在过去的几年中积极投身
15:37
Well, that's what I've devoted my work to over the past few years,
346
937425
3111
我从事的工作的原因
15:40
at the Institute for the Future.
347
940560
1676
我工作的地方叫“未来研究所”
15:42
We have this banner in our offices in Palo Alto,
348
942260
2286
这是我们在帕洛阿尔托办公室里的广告
15:44
and it expresses our view of how we should try to relate to the future.
349
944570
3825
它给出了我们关于如何看待未来的观点
15:48
We do not want to try to predict the future.
350
948705
2261
我们不会试着去预言未来
15:50
What we want to do is make the future.
351
950990
2032
但,我们会创造未来
15:53
We want to imagine the best-case scenario outcome,
352
953046
2492
我们曾经设想过最好情况的结果
15:55
and then we want to empower people to make that outcome a reality.
353
955562
3674
然后,我们想通过努力
让人们将那个设想变成现实
15:59
We want to imagine epic wins,
354
959260
1976
我们渴望史诗般的胜利
16:01
and then give people the means to achieve the epic win.
355
961260
2976
同时也给予人们实现胜利的途径
16:04
I'm just going to very briefly show you three games that I've made
356
964260
3098
我想给大家简短的介绍三款我做的游戏
他们都是一些尝试,
16:07
that are an attempt to give people the means to create epic wins
357
967382
3056
尝试着给未来的人们能创造属于自己的史诗般的胜利,提供一些方法
16:10
in their own futures.
358
970462
1333
16:11
This is World Without Oil.
359
971819
1417
这是《无油世界》
16:13
We made this game in 2007.
360
973260
1691
这款游戏制作于2007年
16:14
This is an online game
361
974975
1358
这是一款网络游戏,
16:16
in which you try to survive an oil shortage.
362
976357
2720
它让你在石油短缺的时候设法生存
16:19
The oil shortage is fictional,
363
979767
1595
石油短缺是虚构的
16:21
but we put enough online content out there
364
981386
2850
但是我们会投入很多的内容在里面
16:24
for you to believe that it's real,
365
984260
1680
你就会认为那是真的,并且这会影响你的现实生活
16:25
and to live your real life as if we've run out of oil.
366
985964
2886
让你感觉我们已经没有石油可用了。因此,当你打开游戏
16:28
So when you come to the game,
367
988874
1436
16:30
you sign up, tell us where you live,
368
990334
1929
注册,并告诉我们你的居住地
16:32
and then we give you real-time news videos,
369
992287
2340
我们就会给你实时的新闻视频数据
16:34
data feeds that show you exactly how much oil costs,
370
994651
3120
精确地告诉你石油的成本
精确地告诉你石油的成本
16:37
what's not available, how food supply is being affected,
371
997795
2729
什么是不可用,食物供应是如何受到影响的
16:40
how transportation is being affected,
372
1000548
1834
运输是如何受到影响的
16:42
if schools are closed, if there's rioting,
373
1002406
2071
并且会告诉你学校是否被关闭,哪里里发生了骚乱
16:44
and you have to figure out how you would live your real life
374
1004501
2849
如果这一切都是真的,你就会找出如何处理现实生活中的这些问题的方法
16:47
as if this were true.
375
1007374
1239
我们会要求你将这些东西发布到博客上
16:48
And then we ask you to blog about it,
376
1008637
1799
16:50
to post videos, to post photos.
377
1010460
1776
上传视频或者照片
16:52
We piloted this game with 1,700 players in 2007,
378
1012260
3400
在2007年,有1700人参加了这款游戏的测试
16:55
and we've tracked them for the three years since.
379
1015684
2333
我们跟踪了这些测试者接下来三年的生活
16:58
And I can tell you that this is a transformative experience.
380
1018041
3077
我可以告诉诸位的是这是一段极具改造作用的经历
没有人希望改变他们的生活方式
17:01
Nobody wants to change how they live,
381
1021142
1883
17:03
just because it's good for the world, or because we're supposed to.
382
1023049
3402
或者是因为他们觉得对环境无损,或者是因为他们觉得这顺理成章
17:06
But if you immerse them in an epic adventure
383
1026778
2458
但是,如果你让他们着沉浸于一个异乎寻常的经历当中
17:09
and tell them, "We've run out of oil.
384
1029260
1976
并且告诉他们,“我们已经耗尽我们的石油。”
17:11
This is an amazing story and adventure for you to go on.
385
1031260
3265
这将是你听说的一个美妙的故事和异乎寻常的经历
17:14
Challenge yourself to see how you would survive,"
386
1034549
2687
挑战自己,看看你将如何生存
17:17
most of our players have kept up the habits
387
1037260
2048
大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯
17:19
that they learned in this game.
388
1039332
1796
大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯
17:21
So for the next world-saving game,
389
1041152
2084
在接下来的一款拯救世界的游戏里
17:23
we decided to aim higher -- bigger problem than just peak oil.
390
1043260
2976
我们的选择的问题比石油短缺变得更难、更大
17:26
We did a game called Superstruct at the Institute for the Future.
391
1046755
3382
我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫"Superstruct"的游戏
我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫"Superstruct"的游戏
17:30
And the premise was, a supercomputer has calculated
392
1050161
3075
这个游戏的假设是,
17:33
that humans have only 23 years left on the planet.
393
1053260
2976
超级计算机经过计算发现人类在地球上只剩下23年的生存时间了
17:36
This supercomputer was called
394
1056260
1549
这台超级计算机被称作:
17:37
the Global Extinction Awareness System, of course.
395
1057833
2403
全球灭绝预测系统
17:40
We asked people to come online --
396
1060594
1642
人们在游戏中就像是处在
17:42
almost like a Jerry Bruckheimer movie.
397
1062260
2099
杰里.布鲁克海默的电影里
17:44
You know Jerry Bruckheimer movies, you form a dream team --
398
1064383
2853
大家都知道杰里.布鲁克海默的电影,你组织一个梦之队(精悍的小分队)
17:47
you've got the astronaut, the scientist, the ex-convict,
399
1067260
2751
你的小分队成员里有宇航员、科学家、曾经的罪犯
17:50
and they all have something to do to save the world.
400
1070035
2437
他们各自有一些拯救世界的本领
17:52
(Laughter)
401
1072496
1007
笑声
17:53
But in our game, instead of just having five people on the dream team,
402
1073527
3388
在我们设计的游戏里,我们没有采用五人小组模式
我们设计成了人人都可以是这个精英小分队的一员
17:56
we said, "Everybody's on the dream team,
403
1076939
1929
17:58
and it's your job to invent the future of energy,
404
1078892
2344
你的职责就是开发
18:01
the future of food, the future of health,
405
1081260
1976
未来的能源、食物、医疗保健、
18:03
the future of security and the future of the social safety net."
406
1083260
3048
安全体制和全社会安全的网络
18:06
We had 8,000 people play that game for eight weeks.
407
1086332
2589
我们有8000人玩这个游戏,玩了有8周
18:08
They came up with 500 insanely creative solutions
408
1088945
3048
他们总结出了500条疯狂但是极具创造力的解决方案
18:12
that you can go online, Google "Superstruct," and see.
409
1092017
2539
如果你能上网,登陆Google搜索关键字"Superstruct",你就能看到结果
18:14
So, finally, the last game,
410
1094871
1365
最后一个游戏
18:16
we're launching it March 3rd.
411
1096260
1456
我们将会在三月三日将其上线。这个游戏是与世界银行学院合作完成的
18:17
This is a game done with the World Bank Institute.
412
1097740
2434
18:20
If you complete the game,
413
1100198
1204
如果你能完成这个游戏,
18:21
you will be certified by the World Bank Institute
414
1101426
2810
你将会获得世界银行学院的认证
18:24
as a Social Innovator, class of 2010.
415
1104260
2698
成为2010届社会创新者
18:26
Working with universities all over sub-Saharan Africa,
416
1106982
3254
通过与撒哈拉以南非洲各地的大学的合作
18:30
and we are inviting them to learn social innovation skills.
417
1110260
2976
我们正在邀请他们参加社会创新能力的学习
18:33
We've got a graphic novel, we've got leveling up
418
1113260
2976
游戏更像一本漫画小说。
18:36
in skills like local insight, knowledge networking,
419
1116260
2976
我们有关于各项技能的均衡,像深刻的洞察力、知识网络、
18:39
sustainability, vision and resourcefulness.
420
1119260
2001
可持续性、远见和机智等
18:41
I would like to invite all of you
421
1121745
1587
我诚挚的邀请诸位能
18:43
to please share this game with young people,
422
1123356
2135
把这个游戏分享给年轻人
18:45
anywhere in the world, particularly in developing areas,
423
1125515
2721
无论在世界何处,特别是那些发展中的地区
18:48
who might benefit from coming together
424
1128260
2198
这个游戏可以把人们集中到一起,让他们开始设想他们自己的社会企业去拯救世界
18:50
to try to start to imagine their own social enterprises to save the world.
425
1130482
3709
人们肯定可以从这个游戏中
获得灵感(受益)
我就要结束我的演讲了
18:55
So, I'm going to wrap up now.
426
1135010
1413
我想问一个问题
18:57
I want to ask a question.
427
1137026
1210
18:58
What do you think happens next?
428
1138796
1484
将来会发生什么?
19:00
We've got all these amazing gamers, we've got these games
429
1140621
2668
我们拥有这么多优秀的游戏玩家
我们玩的这些游戏里就含有可能是我们未来所要做的事情的试验
19:03
that are kind of pilots of what we might do,
430
1143313
2112
19:05
but none of them have saved the real world yet.
431
1145449
2206
但没有任何事情曾拯救过现实世界
19:07
Well I hope you will agree with me that gamers are a human resource
432
1147679
4349
我希望大家能同意我的观点
即,游戏玩家是一个巨大的人力资源库
我们可以让他们去完成现实世界的工作
19:12
that we can use to do real-world work,
433
1152052
2184
19:14
that games are a powerful platform for change.
434
1154260
2219
正因为如此,游戏是一个有效的变革平台
19:16
We have all these amazing superpowers:
435
1156837
1992
我们拥有这些美妙的超能力、
19:18
blissful productivity, the ability to weave a tight social fabric,
436
1158853
3383
幸福的生产力、
组织严密社会结构的能力
19:22
this feeling of urgent optimism and the desire for epic meaning.
437
1162260
3976
以及紧急乐观和对史诗意义的渴望
19:26
I really hope that we can come together to play games that matter,
438
1166260
3509
我真诚的希望我们能一起来玩那些好的游戏
籍此在接下来的一个世纪里能生存在这个星球上
19:29
to survive on this planet for another century.
439
1169793
2226
我希望大家能加入到我们当中来,
19:32
That's my hope, that you will join me in making and playing games like this.
440
1172043
3652
去制作或者是支持这样的游戏
19:35
When I look forward to the next decade, I know two things for sure:
441
1175719
3800
当我期待着下一个十年时
我对两件事情非常肯定
19:39
that we can make any future we can imagine,
442
1179543
2693
首先,我们能创造出任何我们所能想象出的未来
19:42
and we can play any games we want, so I say:
443
1182260
3110
其次,我们可以玩任何我们想玩的游戏
让我们从游戏着手改变这个世界
19:45
Let the world-changing games begin.
444
1185394
1716
19:47
Thank you.
445
1187134
1158
谢谢大家
19:48
(Applause)
446
1188316
4174
掌声
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7