Gaming can make a better world | Jane McGonigal

1,389,541 views ・ 2010-03-17

TED


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翻译人员: dayu Vong 校对人员: Wang Qian
00:15
I'm Jane McGonigal. I'm a game designer.
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我叫JaneMcGonigal,我是一名游戏设计师
00:17
I've been making games online now for 10 years,
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我从事网络游戏设计已经10年了
00:20
and my goal for the next decade
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我未来十年的目标
00:23
is to try to make it as easy to save the world in real life
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就是希望能让
就像玩网络游戏那样
00:28
as it is to save the world in online games.
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简单的解决现实生活中的问题
00:31
Now, I have a plan for this,
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现在,我将解释一下我这么说的原因
00:33
and it entails convincing more people,
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如果人们能玩到一些更大型、更优秀的游戏
00:36
including all of you, to spend more time playing bigger and better games.
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当然包括在座的诸位,并且能花费更多的时间在游戏上
你会觉得我的解释更有说服力
00:41
Right now we spend three billion hours a week playing online games.
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现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时
现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时
00:46
Some of you might be thinking,
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你们当中有些人可能会觉得
00:48
"That's a lot of time to spend playing games.
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“花费了这么多时间玩游戏啊”
00:50
Maybe too much time,
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也许有些多了,因为考虑到
00:51
considering how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world."
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现实生活中有很多的紧迫的问题需要我们去处理
00:55
But actually, according to my research at the Institute for the Future,
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但是,根据我在未来问题研究所
对相关问题的研究
00:59
actually the opposite is true.
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我们花费在游戏上的时间一点也不多
01:02
Three billion hours a week is not nearly enough game play
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每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足
每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足
01:05
to solve the world's most urgent problems.
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事实上,我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存
01:08
In fact, I believe that if we want to survive
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01:10
the next century on this planet,
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事实上,我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存
01:12
we need to increase that total dramatically.
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我们需要大量增加游戏时间
01:14
I've calculated the total we need
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我曾经计算过,我们所需要的游戏时间
01:16
at 21 billion hours of game play every week.
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是每周210亿小时
01:20
So, that's probably a bit of a counter-intuitive idea,
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也许这有些违背常理
01:23
so I'll say it again, let it sink in:
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但,我想重新说一遍,以便于让这种观念被充分理解
01:26
If we want to solve problems like hunger,
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如果我们想解决诸如饥饿、
01:28
poverty, climate change, global conflict, obesity,
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贫困、气候变化、全球冲突、肥胖等问题
01:31
I believe that we need to aspire to play games online
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我坚信我们需要被鼓励
人们去玩网络游戏
01:35
for at least 21 billion hours a week, by the end of the next decade.
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而且每周至少210亿小时
当然,这将会在十年以后(笑声)
01:39
(Laughter)
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其实,我是很认真的,不是玩笑
01:40
No. I'm serious. I am.
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01:42
Here's why.
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这里是解释,我们把这种场景集合起来
01:43
This picture pretty much sums up why I think games are so essential
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就是之所以游戏对人类种族
01:46
to the future survival of the human species.
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能在未来生存非常重要的原因。(笑声)真的
01:48
(Laughter)
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01:49
Truly.
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这是一幅由Phil Toldano拍摄的肖像
01:51
This is a portrait by photographer Phil Toledano.
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01:53
He wanted to capture the emotion of gaming,
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他想捕捉玩游戏时的一些情感变化
01:56
so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing.
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因此,他把摄影仪器放在正在玩游戏的游戏玩家面前
这是一幅游戏玩家的经典表情
01:59
And this is a classic gaming emotion.
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02:02
Now, if you're not a gamer,
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现在,如果你不是一个游戏玩家
02:04
you might miss some of the nuance in this photo.
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你就不会察觉出这幅照片中的真正内涵
02:06
You probably see the sense of urgency,
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你可能会感觉到紧迫、
02:09
a little bit of fear, but intense concentration,
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一丝的恐惧,而不是精神的高度集中
02:12
deep, deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem.
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抑或者是集中精力在解决一个难题
02:16
If you are a gamer, you will notice a few nuances here:
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如果你是一位游戏玩家,你就会感觉到一些不同东西
眼角周围的褶皱是向上的,包括嘴角周围的褶皱也是一样的
02:20
the crinkle of the eyes up, and around the mouth
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02:22
is a sign of optimism,
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这是一个非常乐观的迹象
02:24
and the eyebrows up is surprise.
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并且,眉毛向上翘起是惊讶的标志
02:26
This is a gamer who's on the verge of something called an "epic win."
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这说明,这个游戏玩家即将在游戏中获得史诗般胜利
(如诗般美妙的巨大胜利,难以想象的胜利)
02:31
(Laughter)
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笑声
02:32
Oh, you've heard of that.
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你们曾经听说过这个词,不错
02:33
OK, good, so we have some gamers among us.
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也就是说你们当中有些是游戏玩家
02:36
An epic win is an outcome that is so extraordinarily positive,
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这个史诗般的胜利是一个结果
但是它非常令人振奋
02:40
you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it.
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在得到这个胜利之前你甚至不曾想到竟然能取得成功
02:43
It was almost beyond the threshold of imagination, and when you get there,
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这个成功甚至超出了你的想象
当你一旦达到并完成,你就会被自己的技能所震撼
02:47
you're shocked to discover what you're truly capable of.
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这就是所谓的“史诗般的胜利”
02:50
That's an epic win.
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02:51
This is a gamer on the verge of an epic win.
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而这个玩家即将取得这样的胜利
同时,这也是在下个世纪,
02:54
And this is the face that we need to see
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02:56
on millions of problem-solvers all over the world
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我们所期望的在处理全球众多问题
02:59
as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century --
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排除各种障碍时露出的表情
03:02
the face of someone who, against all odds,
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能排除万难的人
03:05
is on the verge of an epic win.
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是无往不胜的
03:07
Now, unfortunately this is more of the face that we see
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现在,不幸的是,当我们处理日常生活中各种紧急事件的时候,
03:10
in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems.
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我们往往看到的是这个表情
03:13
This is what I call the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
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通常我称这个为“不擅长生活”表情
03:15
This is actually me making it.
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事实上是我自己做出的这个,能否从中看出来呢?好的
03:17
Can you see? Yes. Good.
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03:18
This is me making the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
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这就是我做出的“不擅长生活”表情
03:21
This is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood
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这也是我在加州的伯克利的一个老社区进修我的博士学位时的
03:23
in Berkeley, California, where I did my PhD
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一个涂鸦
03:25
on why we're better in games than we are in real life.
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而我读博士研究的课题就是“为什么我们觉得虚拟游戏世界比现实世界更好”
03:29
And this is a problem that a lot of gamers have.
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同时这也是一个很多游戏玩家的难题
03:31
We feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games.
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我们感觉自己无法像在游戏中一样适应现实生活
03:35
I don't mean just good as in successful, although that's part of it.
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我不认为适应就是成功,二者不是等价的
纵然适应是成功的一部分
03:39
We do achieve more in game worlds.
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我们确实在游戏世界中收获更多的成功
03:41
But I also mean good as in motivated to do something that matters --
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但是这里所说的适应
就是指去做紧要事情的内在动力、
03:45
inspired to collaborate and to cooperate.
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激起合作的灵感以及协作
03:47
And when we're in game worlds,
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当我们处于游戏世界时
03:49
I believe that many of us become the best version of ourselves --
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我觉得我们可以做最好的自己
这时看到一个消息我们就会去帮助别人
03:52
the most likely to help at a moment's notice,
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03:54
the most likely to stick with a problem as long at it takes,
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并且会持之以恒的解决一个问题
面对挫折我们会勇敢得站起来,并且继续奋斗
03:57
to get up after failure and try again.
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03:59
And in real life, when we face failure,
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但,在现实生活中,当我们面对失败的时候
04:03
when we confront obstacles, we often don't feel that way.
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当我们遭遇障碍的时候,我们通常就不会那么感觉了
我们通常会觉得
04:06
We feel overcome, we feel overwhelmed,
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很压抑、不知所措、
04:09
we feel anxious, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical.
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不知所措、焦虑,甚至沮丧、灰心或者愤世嫉俗
04:12
We never have those feelings when we're playing games,
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这个时候我们就没有玩游戏那个时候的感受了
在游戏中就不会存在这些感觉
04:15
they just don't exist in games.
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04:16
So that's what I wanted to study when I was a graduate student.
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这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西
这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西
04:20
What about games makes it impossible
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游戏能否让我们觉得,
04:22
to feel that we can't achieve everything?
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做不成任何事情是不可能的呢?
我们怎么才能把从游戏中获得的这种感觉
04:25
How can we take those feelings from games
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04:27
and apply them to real-world work?
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转移到现实社会的工作中呢
04:29
So I looked at games like World of Warcraft,
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因此,我研究了一些像《魔兽世界》这样的游戏
04:31
which is really the ideal collaborative problem-solving environment.
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它们正是理想的解决协作问题的平台
04:34
And I started to notice a few things
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我注意到一些事情
04:36
that make epic wins so possible in online worlds.
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正是这些事情让史诗般的胜利在网络游戏里面变得可能
04:39
The first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games,
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第一件事情是,无论何时当你出现在这些网络游戏里面的时候
特别是《魔兽世界》
04:43
especially in World of Warcraft,
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04:44
there are lots and lots of different characters
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游戏里面会有很多不同的角色
04:47
who are willing to trust you with a world-saving mission, right away.
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他们对你非常信任,并且会帮助你完成拯救世界的任务
04:51
But not just any mission,
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但并不是所有的任务都是这样,
04:52
it's a mission that is perfectly matched with your current level in the game.
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而仅仅是那些完全匹配你当前等级的任务
04:56
Right? So you can do it.
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因此,你有能力去完成它
04:58
They never give you a challenge you can't achieve.
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设计者不会给你一个就你当前的能力完成不了的任务
05:00
But it is on the verge of what you're capable of,
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但完成这个任务需要发挥你能力的极限,因此,你必须尽你最大努力
05:03
so you have to try hard.
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05:04
But there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft; no sitting around,
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在魔兽世界里人人都有自己的职位
那里没有观众
05:07
wringing your hands --
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那里一直有一些非常特别并且很重要的事情等着你去完成
05:09
there's always something specific and important to be done.
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05:11
There are also tons of collaborators.
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并且游戏世界里有很多的人可以协作
05:13
Everywhere you go, hundreds of thousands of people
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不论你到了哪里,
都会有成千上万的人等着和你合作
05:16
ready to work with you to achieve your epic mission.
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去完成那些艰巨的任务
05:19
That's not something we have in real life that easily,
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在现实生活中就没有这么轻松了
05:21
this sense that at our fingertips are tons of collaborators.
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这种在我们指尖间就有成千上万合作伙伴的感觉
在现实生活中就没有这么简单了
05:24
And there's this epic story, this inspiring story of why we're there,
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在游戏中会有美妙的故事情节,而这些情节
吸引了我们,并且激励着我们的所作所为
05:28
and what we're doing,
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05:29
and we get all this positive feedback.
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同时,对于我们所做出的任何努力都会有一个积极肯定的回应
05:31
You guys have heard of leveling up, +1 strength, +1 intelligence.
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你们肯定听说过等级提升,
伴随着等级提升力量加一点同时智力加一点
05:35
We don't get that kind of constant feedback in real life.
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而我们在现实生活中就没有这种持续的回馈
比如说,当我走下这个舞台的时候,我不会有
05:38
When I get off this stage,
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05:39
I'm not going to have +1 speaking, and +1 crazy idea,
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演说能力加一,疯狂的创意能力加一
更不用说疯狂的创意能力加20了
05:44
+20 crazy idea.
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05:46
I don't get that feedback in real life.
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在现实生活中我没有得到任何奖励
05:48
Now, the problem with collaborative online environments like World of Warcraft
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在网络虚拟环境中,比如《魔兽世界》
在网络虚拟环境中,比如《魔兽世界》
05:52
is that it's so satisfying to be on the verge of an epic win all the time,
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和别人协作是一件非常惬意的事情
因为我们可以不停得向最终的胜利冲击
05:57
we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds.
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也正是因为如此我们才会一直沉醉于游戏世界中
05:59
It's just better than reality.
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因为它比现实更好
06:01
So, so far, collectively all the World of Warcraft gamers
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到目前为止,《魔兽世界》的游戏玩家们已经花费了总数为593万年的时间
06:04
have spent 5.93 million years
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去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题
06:07
solving the virtual problems of Azeroth.
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去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题
06:11
Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing.
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这不是一件坏事
06:13
It might sound like it's a bad thing.
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不过听起来像是一件坏事
06:15
But to put that in context:
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我们把这些数字写下来:
06:17
5.93 million years ago
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593万年前
06:19
was when our earliest primate human ancestors stood up.
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我们人类的祖先灵长类开始了直立行走
06:23
That was the first upright primate.
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这是第一种直立行走的灵长类动物
06:26
So when we talk about how much time
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因此,当我们谈论我们在游戏上花费了那么多时间时
06:29
we're currently investing in playing games,
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唯一让这件事情合理的理解方式就是:去想一想
06:31
the only way it makes sense to even think about it
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在人类进化进程中
06:34
is to talk about time at the magnitude of human evolution,
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我们所花费的时间有多少
06:38
which is an extraordinary thing.
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而且这是一件多么不同寻常的事情!
06:40
But it's also apt,
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这样去想是恰当的,因为你会发现
06:41
because it turns out that by spending all this time playing games,
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通过花费大量的时间去玩游戏
06:44
we're actually changing what we are capable of as human beings.
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我们能改变我们做人的能力
我们能改变我们做人的能力
06:48
We're evolving to be a more collaborative and hearty species.
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我们正不断发展成为一个更具有协作精神和更强健的物种
06:51
This is true. I believe this.
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这是真的,我深信不疑
06:53
So, consider this really interesting statistic;
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来看一个有趣的调查
06:56
it was recently published by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University:
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这份调查结果是由一位来自卡内基梅隆大学的研究者发布的
在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家,当今的年轻人
07:00
The average young person today in a country with a strong gamer culture
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在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家,当今的年轻人
07:04
will have spent 10,000 hours playing online games
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在其21岁前,平均每人
07:07
by the age of 21.
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花费在网络游戏上的时间可达10000小时
07:09
Now 10,000 hours is a really interesting number for two reasons.
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现在,一万小时是一个很有趣的数值
主要是因为有两个原因
07:13
First of all, for children in the United States,
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首先,美国的儿童
07:17
10,080 hours is the exact amount of time you will spend in school,
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从五年级到高中毕业
所需要的时间
07:22
from fifth grade to high school graduation,
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就是10080个小时
07:24
if you have perfect attendance.
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当然你得表现良好(按时上课,出勤)
07:25
(Laughter)
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07:26
So, we have an entire parallel track of education going on,
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我们就有了一份并行跟踪教育的数据,
它显示:
07:30
where young people are learning as much about what it takes to be a good gamer
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年轻人做一个好的游戏玩家所花费的时间
与他们在学校里面学习知识
07:34
as they're learning about everything else in school.
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所用的时间是一样多的
07:36
Some of you have probably read Malcolm Gladwell's new book "Outliers,"
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你们当中的有些人肯定读过
MalcomGladwell的新书《局外人》
07:40
so you would have heard of his theory of success,
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因此你们对作者关于成功理论的见解也就不是那么陌生了
07:42
the "10,000 hours" theory of success.
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一万小时成功法则
07:44
It's based on this great cognitive-science research
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这个法则是基于认知科学研究的
07:47
that says if we can master 10,000 hours
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如果我们在21岁前能花费10000小时
07:50
of effortful study at anything by the age of 21,
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专心努力的学习或者是做一些其他的事情,
那么我们一定可以在这些事情上获得巨大成功
07:53
we will be virtuosos at it.
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07:55
We will be as good at whatever we do
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我们将在我们所做的任何事情上
07:57
as the greatest people in the world.
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成为世界级专家
07:59
And so, now what we're looking at
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现在,我们所关注的就是
08:01
is an entire generation of young people who are virtuoso gamers.
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擅长游戏的
整整一代年轻人
最大的问题就是
08:07
So, the big question is,
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08:09
"What exactly are gamers getting so good at?"
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“这些游戏玩家擅长于做些什么?”
08:12
Because if we could figure that out,
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如果我们能给出答案
08:14
we would have a virtually unprecedented human resource on our hands.
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我们将会发掘出一个
史无前例的人力资源
08:18
This is how many people we now have in the world
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他们就是我们现在所拥有的那些
08:21
who spend at least an hour a day playing online games.
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每天花费至少一小时去玩网络游戏的游戏玩家们
他们都是技艺精湛的游戏高手
08:24
These are our virtuoso gamers,
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08:26
500 million people who are extraordinarily good at something.
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5亿擅长于某些事情的人
08:30
And in the next decade,
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在接下来的十年里
08:32
we're going to have another billion gamers
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又会有10亿多擅长于
08:34
who are extraordinarily good at whatever that is.
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某个领域的新游戏玩家加入进来
08:37
If you don't know it already, this is coming.
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如果闻所未闻,那么我告诉你,这件事正在进行
08:39
The game industry is developing consoles
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游戏产业一直在不停的发展
08:41
that are low-energy and that work with the wireless phone networks
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现如今,它的低能耗,
08:44
instead of broadband Internet,
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以及从宽带互联网到无线手机网络的变革
08:46
so that gamers all over the world,
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让全球的游戏玩家,
08:48
particularly in India, China, Brazil, can get online.
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尤其是来自印度、中国、巴西的玩家们,可以在同一个平台里竞技
08:52
They expect one billion more gamers in the next decade.
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据预测,在接下来的十年里将会有10亿的新玩家加入其中
08:54
It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers.
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届时,我们就会有15亿之众的游戏玩家
08:57
So I've started to think about
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因此,我早早的开始了思考,
08:58
what these games are making us virtuosos at.
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这些游戏将把我们引向何方?
09:00
Here are the four things I came up with.
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对此我觉得大体有四个方面。首先就是对于紧急事件的积极心态,紧急乐观
09:02
The first is urgent optimism.
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09:04
OK, think of this as extreme self-motivation.
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把它想象成是极端的自我激励
09:08
Urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately
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急切的乐观精神是
结合着
09:11
to tackle an obstacle,
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09:12
combined with the belief that we have a reasonable hope of success.
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自己必胜信念
对立马解决障碍的渴望
09:17
Gamers always believe that an epic win is possible,
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游戏玩家始终相信
09:19
and that it's always worth trying, and trying now.
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不可能取得的胜利也是可能的
09:22
Gamers don't sit around.
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游戏玩家不是孤立的
09:24
Gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric.
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他们很擅长组建严密的社会结构
09:28
There's a lot of interesting research that shows
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一项有趣的调查显示
09:30
we like people better after we play a game with them,
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我们更喜欢那些与我们一同玩游戏的人
09:32
even if they've beaten us badly.
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即便是他们把我打败了,亦是如此
09:34
And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust to play a game with someone.
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原因就是,在游戏过程中我们累积了信任
原因就是,在游戏过程中我们累积了信任
09:38
We trust that they will spend their time with us,
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我们之所以信任,就是因为他们和我们花费同样的时间
09:40
that they will play by the same rules,
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遵守同样的规则
09:42
value the same goal, stay with the game until it's over.
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拥有着共同的目标,我们将肩并肩作战(在一起)直至游戏结束
09:45
And so, playing a game together
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基于此,一同游戏的确可以建立
09:47
actually builds up bonds and trust and cooperation.
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默契、信任和协作
09:50
And we actually build stronger social relationships as a result.
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进而,我们会建立一个更强健的社会关系网络
09:54
Blissful productivity. I love it.
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幸福的生产力,我非常喜欢这个
09:56
You know, there's a reason why the average World of Warcraft gamer
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《魔兽世界》的玩家们平均花费
一周22小时,
09:59
plays for 22 hours a week -- kind of a half-time job.
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就像一个兼职一样玩游戏是有原因的
10:02
It's because we know, when we're playing a game,
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就是因为,当我们玩游戏的时候
10:04
that we're actually happier working hard
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相对于休闲或者逛街来说,
我们加倍努力的玩游戏会让我们更开心
10:07
than we are relaxing, or hanging out.
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2251
10:09
We know that we are optimized as human beings,
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作为人类来说,
10:11
to do hard and meaningful work.
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我们更喜欢做那些虽然很难但是更有趣的事情(工作)
10:13
And gamers are willing to work hard all the time,
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如果能够提供一个合适的任务给游戏玩家,
他们就会一直不停地努力玩下去
10:16
if they're given the right work.
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10:19
Finally: epic meaning.
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最后,是史诗的含义
10:21
Gamers love to be attached to awe-inspiring missions
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游戏玩家喜欢依附在
10:24
to human planetary-scale stories.
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那些关乎人类星际故事的威严任务里面
10:28
So, just one bit of trivia that helps put that into perspective:
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你所做的任何一点点的琐事都会成为那个最终的美好愿景的一部分
10:32
So, you all know Wikipedia, biggest wiki in the world.
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大家都听说过维基百科,全球最大的Wiki(wiki是一种在网路上开放、可供多人协同创作的超文本系统)
10:36
Second biggest wiki in the world, with nearly 80,000 articles,
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全球第二大的wiki,
10:40
is the World of Warcraft wiki.
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就是《魔兽世界》wiki,里面大约有8万篇文章
10:42
Five million people use it every month.
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每个月都有500万人在使用它
10:44
They have compiled more information about World of Warcraft on the Internet
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里面集合的有关《魔兽世界》的信息
比网络上任何其他主题的信息
10:47
than any other topic covered on any other wiki in the world.
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都要多
10:51
They are building an epic story.
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这就创造了一个史诗般的故事
10:53
They are building an epic knowledge resource
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同时也创就了一个关于《魔兽世界》的
10:55
about the World of Warcraft.
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如史诗般的巨大的知识资源
10:56
Okay, so these are four superpowers that add up to one thing:
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这就是把那四种超能力集中到一件事情上的例子
11:01
Gamers are super-empowered hopeful individuals.
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游戏玩家们就是一个被高度授权、极具希望的群体
11:06
These are people who believe that they are individually capable
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他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力
11:09
of changing the world.
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他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力
11:10
And the only problem is,
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但问题是他们相信自己能改变的世界是
11:12
they believe that they are capable of changing virtual worlds
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虚拟世界,
11:15
and not the real world.
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而不是现实世界
11:17
That's the problem that I'm trying to solve.
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这正是我所努力去解决的难题
11:19
There's an economist named Edward Castronova.
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有一位叫Edward Castronova的经济学家
11:22
His work is brilliant.
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他的工作非常卓越。
11:23
He looks at why people are investing so much time and energy
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他研究人们花费这么多时间、
11:26
and money in online worlds.
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精力和金钱在网络游戏里面的原因
11:28
And he says,
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他说:“我们正在见证着大批的人
11:29
"We're witnessing what amounts to no less than a mass exodus
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沉溺于虚拟世界
11:32
to virtual worlds and online game environments."
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和网络游戏当中”
11:35
And he's an economist, so he's rational.
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因为他是一位经济学家,所以他是理性的
11:37
And he says --
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他还说...(笑声)
11:38
(Laughter)
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11:40
Not like me, I'm a game designer; I'm exuberant.
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不像我,我只是一个游戏设计师,我充满了活力
11:42
But he says that this makes perfect sense,
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他还说,玩游戏变得更有意义
因为游戏玩家在虚拟世界里得到了
11:47
because gamers can achieve more in online worlds
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比现实生活中更多的东西
11:49
than they can in real life.
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11:50
They can have stronger social relationships in games
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他们在游戏里可以拥有
比现实生活中更好的社会关系
11:53
than they can have in real life;
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11:54
they get better feedback and feel more rewarded in games
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玩家也可以获得比现实生活
11:57
than they do in real life.
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中更好的回报以及成就感
11:59
So he says, for now it makes perfect sense
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因此,他说对于游戏玩家而言,
12:01
for gamers to spend more time in virtual worlds than the real world.
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花费更多的时间在虚拟空间中比现实社会里更有意义
12:04
Now, I also agree that that is rational, for now.
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现在我依然觉得这很理性
12:08
But it is not, by any means, an optimal situation.
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但是,无论如何,这不是最佳选项
12:11
We have to start making the real world work more like a game.
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我们不得不从现在开始把现实社会构建得像一个游戏
12:14
I take my inspiration from something that happened
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因此,我从发生于2500年前的
12:17
2,500 years ago.
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一些事情中获取灵感
12:19
These are ancient dice, made out of sheep's knuckles.
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这些是古老的骰子,由羊的关节骨制作而成
12:23
Before we had awesome game controllers,
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在我们设计出游戏控制器前
12:25
we had sheep's knuckles.
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我们人类已经拥有了羊关节制作的骰子
12:27
And these represent the first game equipment
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这就是人类设计出的
最早的游戏器械
12:30
designed by human beings,
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12:32
and if you're familiar with the work of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus,
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如果你对古希腊历史学家的作品比较熟悉的话
如古希腊历史学家希罗多德,你就会了解这段历史
12:35
you might know this history,
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游戏发明的历史
12:37
which is the history of who invented games and why.
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是什么以及原因是什么呢
12:40
Herodotus says that games, particularly dice games,
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希罗多德说游戏,特别是骰子游戏
12:43
were invented in the kingdom of Lydia,
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是由Lydia(小亚细亚西部的富裕古国)
12:46
during a time of famine.
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1809
王国在一次大饥荒中发明的
12:48
Apparently, there was such a severe famine
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显然,历史上曾经有过这么一次严重的饥荒
12:50
that the king of Lydia decided they had to do something crazy.
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Lydia国王决定做一些他们不得不做的疯狂的事情
12:54
People were suffering. People were fighting.
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当时人民在遭受痛苦,互相争斗
12:56
It was an extreme situation, they needed an extreme solution.
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形式非常危机。
他们需要一个极端的解决方案
13:00
So, according to Herodotus, they invented dice games,
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据希罗多德说,他们因此而发明了骰子游戏
13:03
and they set up a kingdom-wide policy:
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并且制定了一个全国范围内的政策
13:06
On one day, everybody would eat,
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某一天,所有人可以吃东西
13:08
and on the next day, everybody would play games.
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但是第二天,所有人就只能玩游戏
13:11
And they would be so immersed in playing the dice games,
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人们专心的玩骰子游戏
13:13
because games are so engaging,
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因为游戏极具吸引力
13:15
and immerse us in such satisfying, blissful productivity,
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可以使我们沉浸在如此自我满足的幸福“生产”活动中
13:18
they would ignore the fact that they had no food to eat.
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人们就会忘掉他们没有食物可吃的事实
13:21
And then on the next day, they would play games;
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第二天人们就会通过玩游戏度日
13:23
and on the next day, they would eat.
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接下来的第二天他们就会去吃东西
13:25
And according to Herodotus,
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据希罗多德所说
13:27
they passed 18 years this way,
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Lydia国的人民用这种方式度过了18年
13:29
surviving through a famine,
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用吃一天、玩游戏玩一天的方式
13:31
by eating on one day, and playing games on the next.
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他们顺利的度过了大饥荒
13:33
Now, this is exactly, I think, how we're using games today.
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这也是现如今我们
如何看待游戏的
13:37
We're using games to escape real-world suffering --
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我们通过玩游戏逃避现实中的痛苦
13:40
we're using games to get away
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我们通过玩游戏来避开现实环境中那些
13:42
from everything that's broken in the real environment,
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残缺不全、不能令人满意的东西
13:44
everything that's not satisfying about real life,
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同时从中获取我们所需的东西
13:47
and we're getting what we need from games.
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13:49
But it doesn't have to end there.
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而这个过程可以实现永无止境
13:51
This is really exciting.
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这是令人非常激动的
13:53
According to Herodotus, after 18 years the famine wasn't getting better,
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据希罗多德所著,在18年后
大饥荒没有任何改善、变好的迹象
13:58
so the king decided they would play one final dice game.
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因此,国王决定全国人玩最后一次骰子游戏
他把全国人平均分成两组
14:02
They divided the entire kingdom in half.
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14:05
They played one dice game,
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他们一起玩一场骰子游戏
14:07
and the winners of that game got to go on an epic adventure.
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游戏的胜利一方将会踏上冒险的远征行程
14:10
They would leave Lydia,
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他们将会离开Lydia
14:12
and they would go out in search of a new place to live,
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去寻找一个新地方居住
14:15
leaving behind just enough people
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留下来的人则可以用
14:17
to survive on the resources that were available,
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现存的资源度过饥荒
14:19
and hopefully to take their civilization somewhere else where they could thrive.
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离开的人则肩负着传播、
兴旺文明的重担
14:23
Now, this sounds crazy, right?
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这听起来很疯狂,难道不是吗?
14:25
But recently, DNA evidence has shown that the Etruscans,
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不过,最近DNA证据显示
罗马帝国的祖先——伊楚利亚人(Etruscans)
和古利迪亚人(Lydians)
14:30
who then led to the Roman Empire,
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14:31
actually share the same DNA as the ancient Lydians.
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拥有相同的基因
14:34
And so, recently, scientists have suggested
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最近科学家们发现
14:37
that Herodotus' crazy story is actually true.
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希罗多德的疯狂故事在历史上确有其事
14:39
And geologists have found evidence of a global cooling
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地质学家也寻找到了证据
表明地球上曾经有过长达20年的全球降温
14:42
that lasted for nearly 20 years, that could have explained the famine.
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这就可以解释这次大饥荒的由来了
14:46
So this crazy story might be true.
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因此,这个看似疯狂的故事兴许是真的
14:48
They might have actually saved their culture by playing games,
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他们通过玩游戏保留了
他们的文化
14:52
escaping to games for 18 years,
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并且在游戏中躲避现实长达18年
14:54
and then been so inspired,
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最终得以流传下来
14:56
and knew so much about how to come together with games,
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他们早就参悟出了如何通过游戏把人聚到一起
14:58
that they actually saved the entire civilization that way.
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也正是通过这种方式拯救了整个文明
15:01
Okay, we can do that.
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我们也可以通过这种方式做到
15:02
(Laughter)
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15:03
We've been playing Warcraft since 1994.
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人们从1994年开始就在玩魔兽了
15:06
That was the first real-time strategy game from the World of Warcraft series.
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这是魔兽世界系列里的第一款实时的战略游戏
而这就是16年前的事情
15:09
That was 16 years ago.
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古人玩骰子游戏长达18年
15:11
They played dice games for 18 years,
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15:13
we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years.
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我们则玩魔兽16年
15:15
I say we are ready for our own epic game.
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所以我断言,我们已经准备好去接受一个能改变我们生活的游戏了(史诗般的游戏)
15:18
Now, they had half the civilization go off in search of a new world,
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古人通过所掌握的
二分之一的文明去寻找新世界
15:23
so that's where I get my 21 billion hours a week of game-play from.
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而我们现在则有每周长达210亿小时的玩游戏时间
让我们中一半的人
15:27
Let's get half of us to agree
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15:29
to spend an hour a day playing games,
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每天玩游戏一小时
15:31
until we solve real-world problems.
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直至我们可以去解决现实生活中的问题
15:33
Now, I know you're asking,
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你可能会问,“我们在游戏中如何解决现实中的问题呢?”
15:34
"How are we going to solve real-world problems in games?"
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这也是我在过去的几年中积极投身
15:37
Well, that's what I've devoted my work to over the past few years,
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我从事的工作的原因
15:40
at the Institute for the Future.
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我工作的地方叫“未来研究所”
15:42
We have this banner in our offices in Palo Alto,
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这是我们在帕洛阿尔托办公室里的广告
15:44
and it expresses our view of how we should try to relate to the future.
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它给出了我们关于如何看待未来的观点
15:48
We do not want to try to predict the future.
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我们不会试着去预言未来
15:50
What we want to do is make the future.
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但,我们会创造未来
15:53
We want to imagine the best-case scenario outcome,
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我们曾经设想过最好情况的结果
15:55
and then we want to empower people to make that outcome a reality.
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然后,我们想通过努力
让人们将那个设想变成现实
15:59
We want to imagine epic wins,
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1976
我们渴望史诗般的胜利
16:01
and then give people the means to achieve the epic win.
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同时也给予人们实现胜利的途径
16:04
I'm just going to very briefly show you three games that I've made
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我想给大家简短的介绍三款我做的游戏
他们都是一些尝试,
16:07
that are an attempt to give people the means to create epic wins
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尝试着给未来的人们能创造属于自己的史诗般的胜利,提供一些方法
16:10
in their own futures.
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16:11
This is World Without Oil.
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这是《无油世界》
16:13
We made this game in 2007.
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这款游戏制作于2007年
16:14
This is an online game
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这是一款网络游戏,
16:16
in which you try to survive an oil shortage.
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它让你在石油短缺的时候设法生存
16:19
The oil shortage is fictional,
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石油短缺是虚构的
16:21
but we put enough online content out there
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但是我们会投入很多的内容在里面
16:24
for you to believe that it's real,
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你就会认为那是真的,并且这会影响你的现实生活
16:25
and to live your real life as if we've run out of oil.
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让你感觉我们已经没有石油可用了。因此,当你打开游戏
16:28
So when you come to the game,
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16:30
you sign up, tell us where you live,
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注册,并告诉我们你的居住地
16:32
and then we give you real-time news videos,
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我们就会给你实时的新闻视频数据
16:34
data feeds that show you exactly how much oil costs,
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精确地告诉你石油的成本
精确地告诉你石油的成本
16:37
what's not available, how food supply is being affected,
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什么是不可用,食物供应是如何受到影响的
16:40
how transportation is being affected,
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运输是如何受到影响的
16:42
if schools are closed, if there's rioting,
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并且会告诉你学校是否被关闭,哪里里发生了骚乱
16:44
and you have to figure out how you would live your real life
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如果这一切都是真的,你就会找出如何处理现实生活中的这些问题的方法
16:47
as if this were true.
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我们会要求你将这些东西发布到博客上
16:48
And then we ask you to blog about it,
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16:50
to post videos, to post photos.
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上传视频或者照片
16:52
We piloted this game with 1,700 players in 2007,
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在2007年,有1700人参加了这款游戏的测试
16:55
and we've tracked them for the three years since.
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我们跟踪了这些测试者接下来三年的生活
16:58
And I can tell you that this is a transformative experience.
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我可以告诉诸位的是这是一段极具改造作用的经历
没有人希望改变他们的生活方式
17:01
Nobody wants to change how they live,
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1883
17:03
just because it's good for the world, or because we're supposed to.
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3402
或者是因为他们觉得对环境无损,或者是因为他们觉得这顺理成章
17:06
But if you immerse them in an epic adventure
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2458
但是,如果你让他们着沉浸于一个异乎寻常的经历当中
17:09
and tell them, "We've run out of oil.
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1976
并且告诉他们,“我们已经耗尽我们的石油。”
17:11
This is an amazing story and adventure for you to go on.
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这将是你听说的一个美妙的故事和异乎寻常的经历
17:14
Challenge yourself to see how you would survive,"
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2687
挑战自己,看看你将如何生存
17:17
most of our players have kept up the habits
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2048
大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯
17:19
that they learned in this game.
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大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯
17:21
So for the next world-saving game,
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在接下来的一款拯救世界的游戏里
17:23
we decided to aim higher -- bigger problem than just peak oil.
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我们的选择的问题比石油短缺变得更难、更大
17:26
We did a game called Superstruct at the Institute for the Future.
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3382
我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫"Superstruct"的游戏
我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫"Superstruct"的游戏
17:30
And the premise was, a supercomputer has calculated
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3075
这个游戏的假设是,
17:33
that humans have only 23 years left on the planet.
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超级计算机经过计算发现人类在地球上只剩下23年的生存时间了
17:36
This supercomputer was called
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这台超级计算机被称作:
17:37
the Global Extinction Awareness System, of course.
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全球灭绝预测系统
17:40
We asked people to come online --
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人们在游戏中就像是处在
17:42
almost like a Jerry Bruckheimer movie.
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2099
杰里.布鲁克海默的电影里
17:44
You know Jerry Bruckheimer movies, you form a dream team --
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2853
大家都知道杰里.布鲁克海默的电影,你组织一个梦之队(精悍的小分队)
17:47
you've got the astronaut, the scientist, the ex-convict,
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你的小分队成员里有宇航员、科学家、曾经的罪犯
17:50
and they all have something to do to save the world.
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他们各自有一些拯救世界的本领
17:52
(Laughter)
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1007
笑声
17:53
But in our game, instead of just having five people on the dream team,
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在我们设计的游戏里,我们没有采用五人小组模式
我们设计成了人人都可以是这个精英小分队的一员
17:56
we said, "Everybody's on the dream team,
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1929
17:58
and it's your job to invent the future of energy,
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你的职责就是开发
18:01
the future of food, the future of health,
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1976
未来的能源、食物、医疗保健、
18:03
the future of security and the future of the social safety net."
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3048
安全体制和全社会安全的网络
18:06
We had 8,000 people play that game for eight weeks.
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我们有8000人玩这个游戏,玩了有8周
18:08
They came up with 500 insanely creative solutions
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他们总结出了500条疯狂但是极具创造力的解决方案
18:12
that you can go online, Google "Superstruct," and see.
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如果你能上网,登陆Google搜索关键字"Superstruct",你就能看到结果
18:14
So, finally, the last game,
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最后一个游戏
18:16
we're launching it March 3rd.
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我们将会在三月三日将其上线。这个游戏是与世界银行学院合作完成的
18:17
This is a game done with the World Bank Institute.
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18:20
If you complete the game,
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如果你能完成这个游戏,
18:21
you will be certified by the World Bank Institute
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你将会获得世界银行学院的认证
18:24
as a Social Innovator, class of 2010.
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成为2010届社会创新者
18:26
Working with universities all over sub-Saharan Africa,
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通过与撒哈拉以南非洲各地的大学的合作
18:30
and we are inviting them to learn social innovation skills.
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我们正在邀请他们参加社会创新能力的学习
18:33
We've got a graphic novel, we've got leveling up
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游戏更像一本漫画小说。
18:36
in skills like local insight, knowledge networking,
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我们有关于各项技能的均衡,像深刻的洞察力、知识网络、
18:39
sustainability, vision and resourcefulness.
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2001
可持续性、远见和机智等
18:41
I would like to invite all of you
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我诚挚的邀请诸位能
18:43
to please share this game with young people,
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把这个游戏分享给年轻人
18:45
anywhere in the world, particularly in developing areas,
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无论在世界何处,特别是那些发展中的地区
18:48
who might benefit from coming together
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这个游戏可以把人们集中到一起,让他们开始设想他们自己的社会企业去拯救世界
18:50
to try to start to imagine their own social enterprises to save the world.
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人们肯定可以从这个游戏中
获得灵感(受益)
我就要结束我的演讲了
18:55
So, I'm going to wrap up now.
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我想问一个问题
18:57
I want to ask a question.
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1210
18:58
What do you think happens next?
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1484
将来会发生什么?
19:00
We've got all these amazing gamers, we've got these games
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我们拥有这么多优秀的游戏玩家
我们玩的这些游戏里就含有可能是我们未来所要做的事情的试验
19:03
that are kind of pilots of what we might do,
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2112
19:05
but none of them have saved the real world yet.
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2206
但没有任何事情曾拯救过现实世界
19:07
Well I hope you will agree with me that gamers are a human resource
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我希望大家能同意我的观点
即,游戏玩家是一个巨大的人力资源库
我们可以让他们去完成现实世界的工作
19:12
that we can use to do real-world work,
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2184
19:14
that games are a powerful platform for change.
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正因为如此,游戏是一个有效的变革平台
19:16
We have all these amazing superpowers:
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1992
我们拥有这些美妙的超能力、
19:18
blissful productivity, the ability to weave a tight social fabric,
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3383
幸福的生产力、
组织严密社会结构的能力
19:22
this feeling of urgent optimism and the desire for epic meaning.
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3976
以及紧急乐观和对史诗意义的渴望
19:26
I really hope that we can come together to play games that matter,
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我真诚的希望我们能一起来玩那些好的游戏
籍此在接下来的一个世纪里能生存在这个星球上
19:29
to survive on this planet for another century.
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2226
我希望大家能加入到我们当中来,
19:32
That's my hope, that you will join me in making and playing games like this.
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3652
去制作或者是支持这样的游戏
19:35
When I look forward to the next decade, I know two things for sure:
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当我期待着下一个十年时
我对两件事情非常肯定
19:39
that we can make any future we can imagine,
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首先,我们能创造出任何我们所能想象出的未来
19:42
and we can play any games we want, so I say:
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其次,我们可以玩任何我们想玩的游戏
让我们从游戏着手改变这个世界
19:45
Let the world-changing games begin.
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19:47
Thank you.
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谢谢大家
19:48
(Applause)
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掌声
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