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譯者: Adrienne Lin
審譯者: Geoff Chen
00:15
I'm Jane McGonigal. I'm a game designer.
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我叫Jane McGonigal。我是個遊戲設計師。
00:17
I've been making games
online now for 10 years,
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我從事線上遊戲製作十年了。
00:20
and my goal for the next decade
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而我未來十年的目標
00:23
is to try to make it as easy
to save the world in real life
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是試著讓
拯救現實世界
00:28
as it is to save the world
in online games.
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變得跟拯救線上遊戲的世界一樣簡單。
00:31
Now, I have a plan for this,
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而現在,我有個計畫,
00:33
and it entails convincing more people,
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這個計畫要說服更多人,
00:36
including all of you, to spend more time
playing bigger and better games.
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連同在座的各位,花更多時間去
玩更大,更好的遊戲。
00:41
Right now we spend three billion hours
a week playing online games.
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現在,我們每個禮拜共花三十億個鐘頭
在玩線上遊戲。
00:46
Some of you might be thinking,
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你們可能有人在想,
00:48
"That's a lot of time
to spend playing games.
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「哇!花那麼多時間打電動?」
00:50
Maybe too much time,
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這樣花太多時間在遊戲上了
00:51
considering how many urgent problems
we have to solve in the real world."
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現實生活中,還有很多我們得解決的急迫問題
00:55
But actually, according to my research
at the Institute for the Future,
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但事實上,根據我在
"未來學會(The Institute For The Future)"所做的研究顯示
00:59
actually the opposite is true.
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事實正好相反。
01:02
Three billion hours a week
is not nearly enough game play
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每週30億小時的遊戲時間還遠遠不夠
解決世上最急迫的問題。
01:05
to solve the world's most urgent problems.
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其實,我認為如果我們想
01:08
In fact, I believe
that if we want to survive
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01:10
the next century on this planet,
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在地球上熬過下個世紀,
01:12
we need to increase
that total dramatically.
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我們必須大幅增加我們玩遊戲的總時數。
01:14
I've calculated the total we need
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我計算過我們需要的總時數
01:16
at 21 billion hours
of game play every week.
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是每週210億小時。
01:20
So, that's probably a bit
of a counter-intuitive idea,
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所以,這其實跟我們一般認知有些相違背。
01:23
so I'll say it again, let it sink in:
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好,讓我再說一次,大家體會一下。
01:26
If we want to solve problems like hunger,
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如果我們想解決以下這些問題:飢餓、
01:28
poverty, climate change,
global conflict, obesity,
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貧困、全球暖化、國際衝突、肥胖問題,
01:31
I believe that we need to aspire
to play games online
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我堅信我們必須立志
去玩線上遊戲...
01:35
for at least 21 billion hours a week,
by the end of the next decade.
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至少每週210億小時,
限時十年內!
01:39
(Laughter)
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真的,我是認真的。
01:40
No. I'm serious. I am.
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01:42
Here's why.
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告訴你為什麼。這張照片差不多
01:43
This picture pretty much sums up
why I think games are so essential
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說明了為什麼我認為,遊戲對人類的未來
01:46
to the future survival
of the human species.
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是必需的。我說真的啦。
01:48
(Laughter)
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01:49
Truly.
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這是攝影師Phil Toledano所拍攝的,
01:51
This is a portrait
by photographer Phil Toledano.
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01:53
He wanted to capture
the emotion of gaming,
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他想捕捉人在玩遊戲時的情緒,
01:56
so he set up a camera in front
of gamers while they were playing.
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所以他在玩家面前架了個相機。
而這張照片就是個經典的玩家表情!
01:59
And this is a classic gaming emotion.
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02:02
Now, if you're not a gamer,
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如果你並非玩家
02:04
you might miss some
of the nuance in this photo.
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你可能會忽略這張照片一些細微之處。
02:06
You probably see the sense of urgency,
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你看到的可能是迫切感、
02:09
a little bit of fear,
but intense concentration,
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有點害怕、卻又十分專注、
02:12
deep, deep focus on tackling
a really difficult problem.
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正專心地解決某個相當棘手的問題。
02:16
If you are a gamer, you will notice
a few nuances here:
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但如果你是玩家,你就會發現
一些細微之處,像是眼睛和嘴角
02:20
the crinkle of the eyes up,
and around the mouth
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02:22
is a sign of optimism,
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因為樂觀而上揚、
02:24
and the eyebrows up is surprise.
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挑起的眉毛表示感到驚喜...
02:26
This is a gamer who's on the verge
of something called an "epic win."
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這個玩家正接近所謂的...
史詩級的勝利(epic win)
02:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:32
Oh, you've heard of that.
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噢!你們聽過嘛!那很好
02:33
OK, good, so we have some gamers among us.
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看來這裡有些人也是玩家。
02:36
An epic win is an outcome
that is so extraordinarily positive,
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史詩級的勝利
極度振奮人心!
02:40
you had no idea it was even
possible until you achieved it.
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在你成功之前,你根本沒想過這一切是有可能的。
02:43
It was almost beyond the threshold
of imagination, and when you get there,
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幾乎就是想都不敢想。
但一旦你成功之後你就會發現
02:47
you're shocked to discover
what you're truly capable of.
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原來你還真的有如此的神技,這就是史詩級的勝利!
02:50
That's an epic win.
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02:51
This is a gamer on the verge
of an epic win.
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這個玩家就快要得到史詩級的勝利了
同時這也是下個世紀
02:54
And this is the face that we need to see
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02:56
on millions of problem-solvers
all over the world
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在處理全球許多問題時,我們想看到的表情
02:59
as we try to tackle the obstacles
of the next century --
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在排除障礙時流露的表情。
03:02
the face of someone who, against all odds,
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這張臉就是辛苦排除萬難
03:05
is on the verge of an epic win.
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即將獲得史詩勝利的表情。
03:07
Now, unfortunately this is more
of the face that we see
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現在,不幸的是,當我們處理日常生活中,
03:10
in everyday life now as we try
to tackle urgent problems.
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各種緊急事件的時,我們往往看到的是這表情
03:13
This is what I call
the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
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我稱這表情為“不擅長生活”的表情
03:15
This is actually me making it.
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表情事實上是我擺的,看的出來嗎?好的
03:17
Can you see? Yes. Good.
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03:18
This is me making
the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
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這就是我做出的“不擅長生活”表情
03:21
This is a piece of graffiti
in my old neighborhood
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這也是我在加州柏克萊一個老社區
03:23
in Berkeley, California,
where I did my PhD
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進修我的博士學位時的一個塗鴉
03:25
on why we're better in games
than we are in real life.
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我研究“為什麼我們在虛擬遊戲世界中的表現比現實世界更好”
03:29
And this is a problem
that a lot of gamers have.
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同時這也是很多玩家的問題
03:31
We feel that we are not as good
in reality as we are in games.
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我們覺得自己在現實的表現無法像在遊戲中一樣好
03:35
I don't mean just good as in successful,
although that's part of it.
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我指的好,不完全等於成功
不過成功的確包含在內
03:39
We do achieve more in game worlds.
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我們確實在遊戲世界中達成更多任務
03:41
But I also mean good as in motivated
to do something that matters --
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但我指的好,還包含
去做要緊事情的内在動力、
03:45
inspired to collaborate and to cooperate.
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激起與相互合作的靈感。
03:47
And when we're in game worlds,
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當我們處於遊戲世界時
03:49
I believe that many of us become
the best version of ourselves --
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我認為,我們大多數人
可以做"最好的自己",如果有人遇難,我們就會義無反顧的去幫忙
03:52
the most likely to help
at a moment's notice,
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03:54
the most likely to stick
with a problem as long at it takes,
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並且會持之以恆的解决一個問題
面對挫折我們會勇敢的站起来,並繼續奮鬥
03:57
to get up after failure and try again.
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03:59
And in real life, when we face failure,
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但在現實生活中,當我們面對失敗時
04:03
when we confront obstacles,
we often don't feel that way.
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當我們遇到阻礙時,我們往往並不會這麼勇敢
我們會覺得挫敗
04:06
We feel overcome, we feel overwhelmed,
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會覺得很沉重
04:09
we feel anxious, maybe depressed,
frustrated or cynical.
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我們會焦慮、沮喪、灰心或者憤世嫉俗
04:12
We never have those feelings
when we're playing games,
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這種感受跟遊戲時很不相同
遊戲時這些感受不存在
04:15
they just don't exist in games.
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04:16
So that's what I wanted to study
when I was a graduate student.
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這就是我當研究生時
所想研究的東西
04:20
What about games makes it impossible
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到底為什麼,遊戲讓我們覺得
04:22
to feel that we can't achieve everything?
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沒有事情是辦不到的呢?
我們要怎麼把遊戲時的這種感覺
04:25
How can we take those feelings from games
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04:27
and apply them to real-world work?
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應用到現實工作生活中?
04:29
So I looked at games
like World of Warcraft,
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因此,我研究了一些類似《魔獸世界》的遊戲
04:31
which is really the ideal collaborative
problem-solving environment.
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它們才是理想的,解决合作問題的平台
04:34
And I started to notice a few things
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我注意到為什麼
04:36
that make epic wins
so possible in online worlds.
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史詩般的勝利,在線上遊戲中這麼容易達到
04:39
The first thing is whenever you show up
in one of these online games,
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第一,不論你什麼時候上線玩遊戲
尤其是《魔獸世界》
04:43
especially in World of Warcraft,
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04:44
there are lots and lots
of different characters
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遊戲裡有很多不同的角色
04:47
who are willing to trust you
with a world-saving mission, right away.
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他們願意信任你,立刻交付你拯救世界的任務
04:51
But not just any mission,
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但並不是隨便的任務,而是
04:52
it's a mission that is perfectly matched
with your current level in the game.
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會依照你的等級,交付你任務,沒錯吧?
04:56
Right? So you can do it.
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因此,你有能力做到的
04:58
They never give you a challenge
you can't achieve.
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他們不會分派一個你做不到的任務給你
05:00
But it is on the verge
of what you're capable of,
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但快要完成這任務的最後時刻,你一定得竭盡全力
05:03
so you have to try hard.
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05:04
But there's no unemployment
in World of Warcraft; no sitting around,
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在魔獸世界裡,每個人都有職業
沒有人坐在那發呆
05:07
wringing your hands --
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總是會有些特别且重要的任務要完成
05:09
there's always something
specific and important to be done.
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05:11
There are also tons of collaborators.
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而且許多任務都要大家的合作
05:13
Everywhere you go,
hundreds of thousands of people
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不論到哪哩,都會有成千上萬人
等著和你合作
05:16
ready to work with you
to achieve your epic mission.
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幫助你完成史詩級的任務
05:19
That's not something we have
in real life that easily,
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現實生活就沒這麼簡單了
05:21
this sense that at our fingertips
are tons of collaborators.
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這種指尖上的成就感
隨便招呼就有人幫忙的感覺
05:24
And there's this epic story,
this inspiring story of why we're there,
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遊戲中也有史詩般、鼓舞人心的故事劇情,
告訴我們為何而來、為何而戰
05:28
and what we're doing,
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05:29
and we get all this positive feedback.
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得到的都是正面的評價
05:31
You guys have heard of leveling up,
+1 strength, +1 intelligence.
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你們一定聽過,升等之後,力量+1
智力也會+1
05:35
We don't get that kind
of constant feedback in real life.
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現實生活中就沒有這種立即回饋
當我走下講台,我才不會有
05:38
When I get off this stage,
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05:39
I'm not going to have
+1 speaking, and +1 crazy idea,
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演講力+1、瘋狂點子+1、
甚至到+20的回饋
05:44
+20 crazy idea.
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05:46
I don't get that feedback in real life.
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現實生活中沒有任何獎勵
05:48
Now, the problem with collaborative
online environments like World of Warcraft
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像《魔獸世界》這種網路遊戲
最令人滿足的
05:52
is that it's so satisfying to be
on the verge of an epic win all the time,
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就是能與他人合作
一起獲得史詩般的勝利
05:57
we decide to spend all our time
in these game worlds.
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也是為什麼我們會花這麼多時間玩遊戲
05:59
It's just better than reality.
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因為它比現實感受更好
06:01
So, so far, collectively
all the World of Warcraft gamers
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目前為止,《魔獸世界》的玩家總共花費了
06:04
have spent 5.93 million years
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593萬年的時間
06:07
solving the virtual problems of Azeroth.
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去解决艾澤拉斯裡的各種虛擬問題
06:11
Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing.
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這不是件壞事
06:13
It might sound like it's a bad thing.
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雖然聽起來很糟
06:15
But to put that in context:
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但你要想想
06:17
5.93 million years ago
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593萬年前
06:19
was when our earliest primate
human ancestors stood up.
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我們的靈長類祖先開始直立行走
06:23
That was the first upright primate.
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成為第一種直立行走的靈長類動物
06:26
So when we talk about how much time
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所以,當我們講到花了多少時間
06:29
we're currently investing
in playing games,
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玩電玩的時候,只要理性想想
06:31
the only way it makes sense
to even think about it
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在人類進化過程中
06:34
is to talk about time
at the magnitude of human evolution,
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我們所花費的時間有多少
06:38
which is an extraordinary thing.
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相比之下是多麼可觀
06:40
But it's also apt,
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卻也合理,因為你會發現
06:41
because it turns out that by spending
all this time playing games,
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我們花這麼多時間玩遊戲
06:44
we're actually changing
what we are capable of as human beings.
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反而漸漸改變了
我們身為人類的能力
06:48
We're evolving to be a more
collaborative and hearty species.
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我們不斷進化成更能合作,更友好的物種
06:51
This is true. I believe this.
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這是真的,我如此深信
06:53
So, consider this really
interesting statistic;
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看看這個有趣的數據
06:56
it was recently published by a researcher
at Carnegie Mellon University:
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是卡內基美隆大學一個研究員出版的
在一個線上遊戲盛行的國家
07:00
The average young person today
in a country with a strong gamer culture
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現今平均一個年輕人
07:04
will have spent 10,000 hours
playing online games
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在21歲以前,玩線上遊戲的時間
07:07
by the age of 21.
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會是一萬小時
07:09
Now 10,000 hours is a really
interesting number for two reasons.
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現在,一萬小時這數字
很有趣是因為兩個原因
07:13
First of all, for children
in the United States,
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首先,美國的兒童
07:17
10,080 hours is the exact amount
of time you will spend in school,
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從五年級到高中畢業
一個人將會花
07:22
from fifth grade
to high school graduation,
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10080小時在學校上課
07:24
if you have perfect attendance.
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前提是不翹課的話啦
07:25
(Laughter)
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07:26
So, we have an entire
parallel track of education going on,
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所以我們有了
平行追蹤教育的數據
07:30
where young people are learning as much
about what it takes to be a good gamer
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年輕人學著當個好玩家
所花的時間
07:34
as they're learning
about everything else in school.
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和他們在學校學習的時數是相同的
07:36
Some of you have probably read
Malcolm Gladwell's new book "Outliers,"
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你們有些人也許讀過
Malcom Gladwell 的新書《局外人》
07:40
so you would have heard
of his theory of success,
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你們聽過他對於成功的見解
07:42
the "10,000 hours" theory of success.
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一萬小時的成功理論
07:44
It's based on this great
cognitive-science research
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這理論是基於認知科學的研究:
07:47
that says if we can master 10,000 hours
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如果我們在21歲前花一萬小時
07:50
of effortful study at anything
by the age of 21,
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專心的學習、專心做任何事,
那麼我們便能在該領域獲得極大成就
07:53
we will be virtuosos at it.
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07:55
We will be as good at whatever we do
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不管是哪個領域,
07:57
as the greatest people in the world.
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我們都能成為世界頂尖
07:59
And so, now what we're looking at
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所以,我們正面對的是
08:01
is an entire generation of young people
who are virtuoso gamers.
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一整代年輕的
頂尖玩家們
最大的問題就是
08:07
So, the big question is,
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08:09
"What exactly are gamers
getting so good at?"
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「玩家們擅長的到底是什麼?」
08:12
Because if we could figure that out,
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如果我們能找出這答案
08:14
we would have a virtually unprecedented
human resource on our hands.
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就可以找出真正史無前例的
人力資源
08:18
This is how many people
we now have in the world
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這些是目前世界上
08:21
who spend at least an hour
a day playing online games.
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每天至少花一小時玩線上遊戲的玩家
他們都是頂尖玩家
08:24
These are our virtuoso gamers,
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08:26
500 million people who are
extraordinarily good at something.
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共五億人都擅長於某件事情
08:30
And in the next decade,
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在接下來的十年裡
08:32
we're going to have another billion gamers
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會有另外十億玩家
08:34
who are extraordinarily
good at whatever that is.
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都擅長於另一個領域
08:37
If you don't know it already,
this is coming.
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如果你還不知道,我告訴你,這正發生著
08:39
The game industry is developing consoles
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遊戲產業一直在不停的發展
08:41
that are low-energy and that work
with the wireless phone networks
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低耗源、無線的手機網路,
08:44
instead of broadband Internet,
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都取代了以往頻寬的網路介面
08:46
so that gamers all over the world,
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讓全球的玩家,
08:48
particularly in India, China,
Brazil, can get online.
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尤其來自印度、中國、巴西的玩家們,可以一起玩
08:52
They expect one billion more
gamers in the next decade.
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預測接下來十年裡,會多出十億玩家
08:54
It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers.
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加上原本的五億,將達到15億玩家的數量
08:57
So I've started to think about
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所以我開始思考,到底什麼原因
08:58
what these games
are making us virtuosos at.
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讓我們對遊戲這麼擅長
09:00
Here are the four things I came up with.
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1951
我想到四個方面。首先就是無比的樂觀
09:02
The first is urgent optimism.
195
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1960
09:04
OK, think of this
as extreme self-motivation.
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把它想像成是極端的自我激勵
09:08
Urgent optimism is the desire
to act immediately
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無比的樂觀就是
立刻解決阻礙的慾望
09:11
to tackle an obstacle,
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09:12
combined with the belief that we have
a reasonable hope of success.
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加上想取得成功
所持有的信念
09:17
Gamers always believe
that an epic win is possible,
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玩家們都相信,史詩般的勝利是辦得到的
09:19
and that it's always worth
trying, and trying now.
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而且值得不斷嘗試
09:22
Gamers don't sit around.
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玩家並不是閒坐在那
09:24
Gamers are virtuosos
at weaving a tight social fabric.
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他們很擅長組織緊密的社會連結
09:28
There's a lot of interesting
research that shows
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一項有趣的調查顯示
09:30
we like people better
after we play a game with them,
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我們會更喜歡那些一起玩過遊戲的人
09:32
even if they've beaten us badly.
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1809
即使他們把我們打敗的很慘
09:34
And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust
to play a game with someone.
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原因就是,在遊戲過程中
我們對彼此累積了信任
09:38
We trust that they will spend
their time with us,
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2292
原因是,我們都花費相同的時間、
09:40
that they will play by the same rules,
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1842
遵守同樣的規則、
09:42
value the same goal,
stay with the game until it's over.
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3332
擁有共同的目標,並肩作戰直到遊戲結束
09:45
And so, playing a game together
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因此,一起參與遊戲是可以建立
09:47
actually builds up bonds
and trust and cooperation.
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默契、信任和合作的
09:50
And we actually build stronger
social relationships as a result.
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3825
進而能夠建立更強健的人際網路、
09:54
Blissful productivity. I love it.
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1738
幸福的生產力,我愛這詞
09:56
You know, there's a reason why
the average World of Warcraft gamer
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《魔獸世界》的玩家,平均一星期花22小時
在遊戲上是有原因的
09:59
plays for 22 hours a week --
kind of a half-time job.
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已經有點像在兼職了
10:02
It's because we know,
when we're playing a game,
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2602
這是因為,在我們玩遊戲時
10:04
that we're actually happier working hard
218
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2349
和我們放鬆、玩樂時相比
更努力地玩遊戲其實是更快樂的
10:07
than we are relaxing, or hanging out.
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607259
2251
10:09
We know that we are
optimized as human beings,
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2278
大家都知道,身為人類
10:11
to do hard and meaningful work.
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1618
我們是有能力達成重大任務的
10:13
And gamers are willing
to work hard all the time,
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3207
如果能給玩家適當的任務
他們就會不斷、努力地完成
10:16
if they're given the right work.
223
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1601
10:19
Finally: epic meaning.
224
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1437
最後,是史詩意義
10:21
Gamers love to be attached
to awe-inspiring missions
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3737
玩家們喜歡被賦予敬畏般的任務、
10:24
to human planetary-scale stories.
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4012
冒險般的故事情節
10:28
So, just one bit of trivia
that helps put that into perspective:
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所以,我先分享個小故事,幫助你了解這論點
10:32
So, you all know Wikipedia,
biggest wiki in the world.
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3641
大家都知道維基百科,全球最大的百科(wiki)
10:36
Second biggest wiki in the world,
with nearly 80,000 articles,
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3619
全球第二大的百科裡,共有八萬篇文章
10:40
is the World of Warcraft wiki.
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640260
1976
就是《魔獸世界》百科
10:42
Five million people use it every month.
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642260
1976
每個月都有500萬人瀏覽
10:44
They have compiled more information
about World of Warcraft on the Internet
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644260
3659
裡面涵蓋關於《魔獸世界》的資料
比網路上其他主題的資料
10:47
than any other topic covered
on any other wiki in the world.
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3107
都要來的多
10:51
They are building an epic story.
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2036
這也是一種史詩般的故事
10:53
They are building an epic
knowledge resource
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653134
2222
他們也是建造了《魔獸世界》
10:55
about the World of Warcraft.
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1532
史詩般的知識庫
10:56
Okay, so these are four superpowers
that add up to one thing:
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4300
所以,這四種超能力結合起來就是
11:01
Gamers are super-empowered
hopeful individuals.
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4486
具有超能力、富有希望的玩家
11:06
These are people who believe
that they are individually capable
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3205
這些人都深信自己有能力
11:09
of changing the world.
240
669284
1550
改變世界
11:10
And the only problem is,
241
670858
1635
但唯一的問題是,他們只相信
11:12
they believe that they are capable
of changing virtual worlds
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3029
自己能改變的是虛擬世界
11:15
and not the real world.
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1666
而不是現實世界
11:17
That's the problem
that I'm trying to solve.
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2113
這正是我所努力想解决的問題
11:19
There's an economist
named Edward Castronova.
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2363
有一位經濟學家 Edward Castronova
11:22
His work is brilliant.
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1170
他的研究很棒,他研究
11:23
He looks at why people are investing
so much time and energy
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683454
2902
為什麼人們花費這麼多時間、精力、
11:26
and money in online worlds.
248
686380
1856
和金錢,玩網路遊戲
11:28
And he says,
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1183
他說:「我們目睹的是一大批人」
11:29
"We're witnessing what amounts to
no less than a mass exodus
250
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3308
「從現實世界中出走」
11:32
to virtual worlds and online
game environments."
251
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2437
「並走向虛擬世界、網路遊戲中」
11:35
And he's an economist, so he's rational.
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2189
因為他是經濟學家,所以他是理性的
11:37
And he says --
253
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1437
他還說...
11:38
(Laughter)
254
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1643
11:40
Not like me, I'm a game
designer; I'm exuberant.
255
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2285
不像我,我是個遊戲設計師,精力旺盛
11:42
But he says that this makes perfect sense,
256
702910
4199
他還說
這種情形是有跡可循的
11:47
because gamers can achieve
more in online worlds
257
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2424
因為玩家在網路世界中達成的,比現實生活多
11:49
than they can in real life.
258
709581
1326
11:50
They can have stronger
social relationships in games
259
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2461
他們在遊戲裡可以擁有
比現實生活更好的人際關係
11:53
than they can have in real life;
260
713416
1555
11:54
they get better feedback
and feel more rewarded in games
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2967
他們所得到的回饋
11:57
than they do in real life.
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1250
也比現實生活來的多
11:59
So he says, for now it makes perfect sense
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2000
因此,他說對於玩家而言,
12:01
for gamers to spend more time
in virtual worlds than the real world.
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3575
他們會花費比現實生活還多的時間玩遊戲,是理所當然的
12:04
Now, I also agree
that that is rational, for now.
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3353
好,我暫時同意這個理性觀點
12:08
But it is not, by any means,
an optimal situation.
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2976
但是,無論如何,這不是最佳情況
12:11
We have to start making
the real world work more like a game.
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2976
我們不得不開始把現實世界建構的像遊戲一樣
12:14
I take my inspiration
from something that happened
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2982
因此,我從2500年前發生的一件事裡
12:17
2,500 years ago.
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1429
得到了靈感
12:19
These are ancient dice,
made out of sheep's knuckles.
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3584
這些是古早的骰子,用羊的關節做的
12:23
Before we had awesome game controllers,
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1976
在我們設計出遊戲控制器以前
12:25
we had sheep's knuckles.
272
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1813
我們就用這個玩遊戲了
12:27
And these represent
the first game equipment
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3068
這些就是人類最早設計出的
遊戲道具
12:30
designed by human beings,
274
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1866
12:32
and if you're familiar with the work
of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus,
275
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3744
如果你們對於希臘的歷史學家
希羅多德還算熟悉,你就會知道這故事
12:35
you might know this history,
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755847
1509
這也是遊戲發明的
12:37
which is the history
of who invented games and why.
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2920
起源與原因
12:40
Herodotus says that games,
particularly dice games,
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2844
希羅多德說遊戲,特别是骰子遊戲
12:43
were invented in the kingdom of Lydia,
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2392
是在古代呂底亞王國 (Kingdom of Lydia)
12:46
during a time of famine.
280
766260
1809
飢荒的時候發明的
12:48
Apparently, there was such a severe famine
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2339
顯然的,因為飢荒太嚴重
12:50
that the king of Lydia decided
they had to do something crazy.
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3780
呂底亞國王決定,他們不得不用非常手段
12:54
People were suffering.
People were fighting.
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2096
當時民不聊生,暴亂四起
12:56
It was an extreme situation,
they needed an extreme solution.
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3856
非常時期就需要
非常手段
13:00
So, according to Herodotus,
they invented dice games,
285
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2976
於是,根據希羅多德文獻,他們發明骰子遊戲
13:03
and they set up a kingdom-wide policy:
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2976
並制定全國政策
13:06
On one day, everybody would eat,
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2582
有其中一天,所有人都能吃東西
13:08
and on the next day,
everybody would play games.
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2370
但是第二天,所有人就只能玩遊戲
13:11
And they would be so immersed
in playing the dice games,
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2634
人們會專心的玩骰子遊戲
13:13
because games are so engaging,
290
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1444
因為遊戲太吸引人了
13:15
and immerse us in such satisfying,
blissful productivity,
291
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3212
我們沉浸在幸福的生產力帶來的滿足感裡
13:18
they would ignore the fact
that they had no food to eat.
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2714
以至於忘記沒有食物吃的事實
13:21
And then on the next day,
they would play games;
293
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2286
再過一天,人們就會繼續玩遊戲
13:23
and on the next day, they would eat.
294
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1876
再接下來的那天,才會吃東西
13:25
And according to Herodotus,
295
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1666
根據希羅多德記載
13:27
they passed 18 years this way,
296
807260
1976
呂底亞王國用這種方式過了18年
13:29
surviving through a famine,
297
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1739
撐過飢荒
13:31
by eating on one day,
and playing games on the next.
298
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2666
就是用這種一天吃、其他天玩遊戲的方式
13:33
Now, this is exactly, I think,
how we're using games today.
299
813713
3704
我認為,這也是
今日大家對於遊戲的看法
13:37
We're using games to escape
real-world suffering --
300
817986
2707
我們玩遊戲來逃避現實的苦痛
13:40
we're using games to get away
301
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1591
我們玩遊戲來逃避真實生活中
13:42
from everything that's broken
in the real environment,
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2589
破碎的、不盡滿意的大小事
13:44
everything that's not satisfying
about real life,
303
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2546
因為遊戲中,可以得到自己想要的
13:47
and we're getting what we need from games.
304
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2098
13:49
But it doesn't have to end there.
305
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1599
但遊戲不一定止於此
13:51
This is really exciting.
306
831260
1976
令人興奮的是
13:53
According to Herodotus, after 18 years
the famine wasn't getting better,
307
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4976
希羅多德記載,18年後
飢荒並沒有改善
13:58
so the king decided they would
play one final dice game.
308
838260
3440
因此,國王決定要來場骰子最終戰役
他把全國人們分成兩組
14:02
They divided the entire kingdom in half.
309
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2373
14:05
They played one dice game,
310
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1708
跟彼此競賽
14:07
and the winners of that game
got to go on an epic adventure.
311
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3419
贏的一方會踏上史詩般的旅程
14:10
They would leave Lydia,
312
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1632
他們將離開呂底亞王國
14:12
and they would go out in search
of a new place to live,
313
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2975
去尋找一個新地方居住
14:15
leaving behind just enough people
314
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2200
剩下的人正好能用
14:17
to survive on the resources
that were available,
315
857483
2293
現存的資源過活
14:19
and hopefully to take their civilization
somewhere else where they could thrive.
316
859800
3825
同時也是希望能將他們的文明
繼續傳承到別的地方
14:23
Now, this sounds crazy, right?
317
863649
1899
聽起來很瘋狂吧
14:25
But recently, DNA evidence
has shown that the Etruscans,
318
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4418
但最近,有DNA證據顯示
領導羅馬帝國的
伊特魯里亞人(Etruscans)
14:30
who then led to the Roman Empire,
319
870014
1762
14:31
actually share the same DNA
as the ancient Lydians.
320
871800
2905
和古呂底亞人有著相同基因
14:34
And so, recently,
scientists have suggested
321
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2507
最近科學家認為
14:37
that Herodotus' crazy
story is actually true.
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希羅多德的瘋狂故事是有其真實性的
14:39
And geologists have found
evidence of a global cooling
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地質學家也找到證據
有一段時期的全球冷化
14:42
that lasted for nearly 20 years,
that could have explained the famine.
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持續將近20年的時間,正好能解釋當時飢荒的情形
14:46
So this crazy story might be true.
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所以,這瘋狂故事也許是真的
14:48
They might have actually saved
their culture by playing games,
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他們透過玩遊戲
保留了他們的文化
14:52
escaping to games for 18 years,
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用遊戲躲避現實18年
14:54
and then been so inspired,
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之後受啟發
14:56
and knew so much about
how to come together with games,
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知道如何用遊戲讓彼此相聚一起
14:58
that they actually saved
the entire civilization that way.
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之後用這方法拯救了整個文明
15:01
Okay, we can do that.
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我們也做得到
15:02
(Laughter)
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15:03
We've been playing Warcraft since 1994.
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人們從1994年開始玩魔獸
15:06
That was the first real-time strategy
game from the World of Warcraft series.
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這是魔獸世界系列裡,
第一款即時戰略遊戲,而這是16年前的事情
15:09
That was 16 years ago.
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古人骰子遊戲玩了18年
15:11
They played dice games for 18 years,
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15:13
we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years.
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我們則玩魔獸16年
15:15
I say we are ready for our own epic game.
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我敢說,我們已經準備好史詩般的任務了
15:18
Now, they had half the civilization
go off in search of a new world,
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古人利用一半的文明
去尋找新世界
15:23
so that's where I get my 21 billion
hours a week of game-play from.
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923503
3849
我算出一週210億小時玩遊戲,就是這樣來的
讓我們一半的人
15:27
Let's get half of us to agree
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15:29
to spend an hour a day playing games,
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1976
每天玩遊戲一小時
15:31
until we solve real-world problems.
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1842
直到我們能夠解決現實的問題為止
15:33
Now, I know you're asking,
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你可能會問: 「我們在遊戲中,」
15:34
"How are we going to solve
real-world problems in games?"
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「要如何解決現實的問題呢?」這也是我多年來,
15:37
Well, that's what I've devoted
my work to over the past few years,
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致力於這工作的原因
15:40
at the Institute for the Future.
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1676
我在"未來學會"工作
15:42
We have this banner
in our offices in Palo Alto,
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2286
我們在Palo Alto(加州)的辦公室有個布條
15:44
and it expresses our view of how
we should try to relate to the future.
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3825
表達出我們對未來的看法
15:48
We do not want to try
to predict the future.
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2261
我們不會試著預測未來
15:50
What we want to do is make the future.
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2032
但我們會試著創造未來
15:53
We want to imagine
the best-case scenario outcome,
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2492
我們想像未來最好的情況
15:55
and then we want to empower people
to make that outcome a reality.
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3674
然後給人們力量
讓想像中的未來成真
15:59
We want to imagine epic wins,
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1976
我們渴望史詩般的勝利
16:01
and then give people the means
to achieve the epic win.
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同時賦予人們達成史詩勝利的道具
16:04
I'm just going to very briefly show you
three games that I've made
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3098
我來簡短的介紹一下這三款我設計的遊戲
目的是想給人們一些能用來
16:07
that are an attempt to give people
the means to create epic wins
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3056
達成自己未來史詩勝利所需要的道具
16:10
in their own futures.
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1333
16:11
This is World Without Oil.
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1417
這是《無油世界》
16:13
We made this game in 2007.
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1691
我們2007年製作的遊戲
16:14
This is an online game
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這款線上遊戲,是要你在石油短缺時
16:16
in which you try to survive
an oil shortage.
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設法生存
16:19
The oil shortage is fictional,
363
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1595
石油短缺是虛構的
16:21
but we put enough online content out there
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2850
但是我們投入很多情節在裡面
16:24
for you to believe that it's real,
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1680
你就會相信是真實的,好像現實生活中
16:25
and to live your real life
as if we've run out of oil.
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2886
石油快沒有了一樣。所以,你連上遊戲
16:28
So when you come to the game,
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1436
16:30
you sign up, tell us where you live,
368
990334
1929
註冊,輸入你的所在地
16:32
and then we give you
real-time news videos,
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2340
我們就會給你一段即時新聞畫面
16:34
data feeds that show you
exactly how much oil costs,
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3120
有精確的數據
告訴你石油的價格
16:37
what's not available, how food
supply is being affected,
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2729
哪些東西買不到、食物供應的影響、
16:40
how transportation is being affected,
372
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1834
運輸系統的影響、
16:42
if schools are closed, if there's rioting,
373
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2071
學校是否倒閉了,或是有暴動
16:44
and you have to figure out
how you would live your real life
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2849
所以你要想,事件真的發生的話
16:47
as if this were true.
375
1007374
1239
你要怎麼過生活,然後你將想法打到部落格上、
16:48
And then we ask you to blog about it,
376
1008637
1799
16:50
to post videos, to post photos.
377
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1776
上傳影片或照片
16:52
We piloted this game
with 1,700 players in 2007,
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3400
在2007年,有1700人參與這遊戲的測試
16:55
and we've tracked them
for the three years since.
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2333
我們追蹤了這些人接下來三年的生活
16:58
And I can tell you that this
is a transformative experience.
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1018041
3077
我可以告訴各位,這是個轉變性的經驗
沒有人會因為"對環境好"、
17:01
Nobody wants to change how they live,
381
1021142
1883
17:03
just because it's good for the world,
or because we're supposed to.
382
1023049
3402
"這是我們的責任",而做出自發性改變
17:06
But if you immerse them
in an epic adventure
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1026778
2458
但如果賦予他們史詩般的冒險旅程
17:09
and tell them, "We've run out of oil.
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1029260
1976
並告訴他們「世界上快沒石油了」
17:11
This is an amazing story
and adventure for you to go on.
385
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3265
大家就會走上這很棒的冒險旅程
17:14
Challenge yourself to see
how you would survive,"
386
1034549
2687
挑戰自我,看自己會如何生存
17:17
most of our players
have kept up the habits
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1037260
2048
大部份的玩家都保留了他們在遊戲中
17:19
that they learned in this game.
388
1039332
1796
所養成的習慣
17:21
So for the next world-saving game,
389
1041152
2084
在接下來的一款拯救世界的遊戲裡
17:23
we decided to aim higher --
bigger problem than just peak oil.
390
1043260
2976
我們將目標設在比石油更嚴重的問題上
17:26
We did a game called Superstruct
at the Institute for the Future.
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1046755
3382
我們在"未來學會"做了一款
"Superstruct"的遊戲
17:30
And the premise was,
a supercomputer has calculated
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1050161
3075
這遊戲的假設是,有部超級電腦
17:33
that humans have only 23 years
left on the planet.
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2976
計算出我們在這星球只剩23年的生存時間
17:36
This supercomputer was called
394
1056260
1549
這台超級電腦叫作
17:37
the Global Extinction
Awareness System, of course.
395
1057833
2403
全球大滅絕警戒系統
17:40
We asked people to come online --
396
1060594
1642
大家上線就像是
17:42
almost like a Jerry Bruckheimer movie.
397
1062260
2099
傑瑞布洛克海默(國家寶藏等電影製作人)
17:44
You know Jerry Bruckheimer
movies, you form a dream team --
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1064383
2853
所製作的電影情節一樣,都有個夢幻團隊
17:47
you've got the astronaut,
the scientist, the ex-convict,
399
1067260
2751
團隊裡有太空人、科學家、前科犯
17:50
and they all have something
to do to save the world.
400
1070035
2437
而他們各有拯救世界的本領
17:52
(Laughter)
401
1072496
1007
(笑聲)
17:53
But in our game, instead of just having
five people on the dream team,
402
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3388
但我們的遊戲並不是五人夢幻小隊
我們設定,每個人都是夢幻小隊的一員
17:56
we said, "Everybody's on the dream team,
403
1076939
1929
17:58
and it's your job to invent
the future of energy,
404
1078892
2344
你的任務就是開發新能源、
18:01
the future of food, the future of health,
405
1081260
1976
未來的食物、未來的健康保健、
18:03
the future of security and the future
of the social safety net."
406
1083260
3048
未來的保全及社會安全網路
18:06
We had 8,000 people
play that game for eight weeks.
407
1086332
2589
我們有八千人玩這遊戲,玩八週的時間
18:08
They came up with 500
insanely creative solutions
408
1088945
3048
他們想出了五百個瘋狂卻超有創意的解决辦法
18:12
that you can go online,
Google "Superstruct," and see.
409
1092017
2539
你上網Google關鍵字Superstruct,就看得到結果了
18:14
So, finally, the last game,
410
1094871
1365
最後一個遊戲
18:16
we're launching it March 3rd.
411
1096260
1456
會在3月3日上市。這遊戲是和世界銀行學院合作完成的
18:17
This is a game done
with the World Bank Institute.
412
1097740
2434
18:20
If you complete the game,
413
1100198
1204
如果你完成這個遊戲,就能得到
18:21
you will be certified
by the World Bank Institute
414
1101426
2810
世界銀行學院發的認證
18:24
as a Social Innovator, class of 2010.
415
1104260
2698
成為2010級的社會創新者
18:26
Working with universities
all over sub-Saharan Africa,
416
1106982
3254
透過與撒哈拉以南非洲各地大學的合作
18:30
and we are inviting them
to learn social innovation skills.
417
1110260
2976
我們邀請他們一起學習社會創新技能
18:33
We've got a graphic novel,
we've got leveling up
418
1113260
2976
我們都有超人漫畫,我們只要
18:36
in skills like local insight,
knowledge networking,
419
1116260
2976
把洞察力提升、知識網路提升、
18:39
sustainability,
vision and resourcefulness.
420
1119260
2001
提升永續性、視野、資源
18:41
I would like to invite all of you
421
1121745
1587
我想邀請各位
18:43
to please share this game
with young people,
422
1123356
2135
把這些遊戲分享給年輕人
18:45
anywhere in the world,
particularly in developing areas,
423
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2721
分享到世界各地,特別是開發中地區
18:48
who might benefit from coming together
424
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2198
遊戲能讓他們聚在一起
18:50
to try to start to imagine their own
social enterprises to save the world.
425
1130482
3709
試著想像出自己心中的
社會企業,來拯救世界
我要做個總結了
18:55
So, I'm going to wrap up now.
426
1135010
1413
我想問各位一個問題
18:57
I want to ask a question.
427
1137026
1210
18:58
What do you think happens next?
428
1138796
1484
你們覺得未來會發生什麼事?
19:00
We've got all these amazing gamers,
we've got these games
429
1140621
2668
我們有這麼多厲害的玩家
現有的遊戲,就有點像未來情形的預演
19:03
that are kind of pilots
of what we might do,
430
1143313
2112
19:05
but none of them
have saved the real world yet.
431
1145449
2206
但還沒確實拯救真實世界
19:07
Well I hope you will agree with me
that gamers are a human resource
432
1147679
4349
我希望大家能同意我的觀點:
玩家們就是人力資源
他們可以改變真實世界
19:12
that we can use to do real-world work,
433
1152052
2184
19:14
that games are a powerful
platform for change.
434
1154260
2219
因為遊戲就是個改變世界的平台
19:16
We have all these amazing superpowers:
435
1156837
1992
我們有這麼棒的超能力
19:18
blissful productivity, the ability
to weave a tight social fabric,
436
1158853
3383
幸福的生產力、
組織緊密社會的能力、
19:22
this feeling of urgent optimism
and the desire for epic meaning.
437
1162260
3976
無比樂觀的感受、追求史詩意義的欲望
19:26
I really hope that we can come together
to play games that matter,
438
1166260
3509
我希望我們都能一起
玩這些重要的遊戲,才能在下個世紀,繼續生存在這星球上
19:29
to survive on this planet
for another century.
439
1169793
2226
我希望大家能加入我的行列,
19:32
That's my hope, that you will join me
in making and playing games like this.
440
1172043
3652
去製作或是動手玩這樣的遊戲
19:35
When I look forward to the next decade,
I know two things for sure:
441
1175719
3800
當我期待下個十年時
我對兩件事非常肯定
19:39
that we can make
any future we can imagine,
442
1179543
2693
首先,我們能創造出任何我們所能想像出的未來
19:42
and we can play any games
we want, so I say:
443
1182260
3110
其次,我們可以玩任何我們想玩的遊戲
讓我們從遊戲來改變這個世界
19:45
Let the world-changing games begin.
444
1185394
1716
19:47
Thank you.
445
1187134
1158
謝謝大家
19:48
(Applause)
446
1188316
4174
(掌聲)
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