An Art Made of Trust, Vulnerability and Connection | Marina Abramović | TED Talks

翻译人员: Hong Li 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

Now...

现在，

let's go back in time.

让我们回到过去。

It's 1974.

回到1974年。

There is the gallery somewhere

世界上的某个角落

in the world,

有一个画廊，

and there is a young girl, age 23,

那里有一个年轻的姑娘，23岁，

standing in the middle of the space.

站在大厅中央。

In the front of her is a table.

她的面前有一张桌子。

On the table there are 76 objects

桌上放了76件物品，

for pleasure and for pain.

有的带来欢乐，有的带来痛苦。

Some of the objects are

其中几样是

a glass of water, a coat, a shoe, a rose.

一杯水，一件外套， 一只鞋，一朵玫瑰。

But also the knife, the razor blade, the hammer

但同时也有刀，剃须刀片，铁锤，

and the pistol with one bullet.

还有一把上了膛的手枪。

There are instructions which say,

有一段说明文字是这么写的，

"I'm an object.

"我是一个物体。

You can use everything on the table on me.

你可以将桌上的 任何一件东西用在我身上。

I'm taking all responsibility -- even killing me.

我会承担所有责任——即使你要杀死我。

And the time is six hours."

时间是6小时。"

The beginning of this performance was easy.

这个表演一开始是顺利的。

People would give me the glass of water to drink,

人们有的递给我水喝，

they'd give me the rose.

有的给我玫瑰。

But very soon after,

但不久之后，

there was a man who took the scissors and cut my clothes,

有个男人拿起剪刀剪我的衣服，

and then they took the thorns of the rose and stuck them in my stomach.

有人把玫瑰上的刺扎在我肚子上。

Somebody took the razor blade and cut my neck and drank the blood,

还有人用剃须刀片 划破我的脖子，喝我的血，

and I still have the scar.

这道疤现在还在。

The women would tell the men what to do.

女人给男人出主意。

And the men didn't rape me because it was just a normal opening,

男人没有强奸我， 因为是在大庭广众之下，

and it was all public,

众目睽睽，

and they were with their wives.

而且他们的妻子就在身边。

They carried me around and put me on the table,

他们把我抬起来放在桌上，

and put the knife between my legs.

把刀摆在我两腿之间。

And somebody took the pistol and bullet and put it against my temple.

有人拿起枪和子弹， 顶着我的太阳穴。

And another person took the pistol and they started a fight.

另一个人把手枪抢走， 然后他们开始打架。

And after six hours were finished,

6个小时之后，

I...

我……

started walking towards the public.

开始走向人群。

I was a mess.

我当时糟透了。

I was half-naked, I was full of blood and tears were running down my face.

我光着一半身子，全身都是血， 眼泪不停往下流。

And everybody escaped, they just ran away.

所有人都逃走了，一个不剩。

They could not confront myself, with myself as a normal human being.

他们无法面对我，因为我终究 还是一个正常的人类（而不是物体）。

And then --

随后——

what happened

发生的事情就是，

is I went to the hotel, it was at two in the morning.

我回到酒店，已经是凌晨两点。

And

然后，

I looked at myself in the mirror,

我看着镜子中的自己，

and I had a piece of gray hair.

发现自己竟生出了几缕白发。

Alright --

好了——

please take off your blindfolds.

请摘下你们的眼罩。

Welcome to the performance world.

欢迎来到表演的世界。

First of all, let's explain what the performance is.

首先，让我们来解释一下 什么是表演。

So many artists, so many different explanations,

有如此多的艺术家， 如此多的不同解释，

but my explanation for performance is very simple.

而我对表演的理解非常简单。

Performance is a mental and physical construction

表演就是一种心理和身体的结合，

that the performer makes in a specific time

由表演者在特定时间

in a space in front of an audience

和特定空间内，面对观众呈现出来，

and then energy dialogue happens.

并由此产生一种能量的共鸣。

The audience and the performer make the piece together.

（表演）是由观众和表演者 共同来完成的。

And the difference between performance and theater is huge.

表演和戏剧的差别是巨大的。

In the theater, the knife is not a knife

在戏剧里，刀不是真刀，

and the blood is just ketchup.

血也只是番茄酱。

In the performance, the blood is the material,

而在表演中，血是材料，

and the razor blade or knife is the tool.

而剃须刀片或者刀 是（加工材料的）工具。

It's all about being there in the real time,

所有东西都是实时呈现的，

and you can't rehearse performance,

表演是没办法排练的，

because you can't do many of these types of things twice -- ever.

因为很多表演无法重复。

Which is very important, the performance is --

这一点很重要，因为表演是——

you know, all human beings are always afraid of very simple things.

大家都知道，人类总害怕 一些非常简单的东西。

We're afraid of suffering, we're afraid of pain,

我们害怕受苦，害怕疼痛，

we're afraid of mortality.

我们恐惧死亡。

So what I'm doing --

因此我的表演——

I'm staging these kinds of fears in front of the audience.

我将这些恐惧都呈现在观众面前。

I'm using your energy,

我运用你们的能量，

and with this energy I can go and push my body as far as I can.

有了这些能量， 我尽可能地忍受这些恐惧。

And then I liberate myself from these fears.

然后再将自己从恐惧中解放出来。

And I'm your mirror.

我就是你们的镜子。

If I can do this for myself, you can do it for you.

如果我能做到，那么你们也能。

After Belgrade, where I was born,

在离开我的家乡贝尔格莱德之后，

I went to Amsterdam.

我前往阿姆斯特丹。

And you know, I've been doing performances

在那里，我从事表演

since the last 40 years.

长达40年之久。

And here I met Ulay,

在这里，我遇到了乌拉伊，

and he was the person I actually fell in love with.

他是我真正爱上的人。

And we made, for 12 years, performances together.

我们在一起从事表演12年。

You know the knife and the pistols and the bullets,

我将刀、手枪和子弹，

I exchange into love and trust.

换成了爱和信任。

So to do this kind work you have to trust the person completely

要完成这个表演， 你得完全信任对方，

because this arrow is pointing to my heart.

因为那支箭正对着我的心脏。

So, heart beating and adrenaline is rushing and so on,

我心跳加速，肾上腺素飙升，

is about trust, is about total trust to another human being.

这就是信任， 对另一个人完全的信任。

Our relationship was 12 years,

我们的关系维持了12年，

and we worked on so many subjects, both male and female energy.

我们合作了非常多的项目， 涉及到了男性和女性的能量。

And as every relationship comes to an end, ours went too.

但天下没有不散的筵席， 我俩最终也分开了。

We didn't make phone calls like normal human beings do

我们没有像其他人一样， 通过打电话分手，

and say, you know, "This is over."

说一句，"咱们结束吧。"

We walked the Great Wall of China to say goodbye.

我们以爬中国长城的方式来分手。

I started at the Yellow Sea, and he started from the Gobi Desert.

我从黄海启程，他从戈壁滩出发。

We walked, each of us, three months,

我们俩各自行走了3个月，

two and a half thousand kilometers.

走完了2500公里。

It was the mountains, it was difficult.

山高路险，困难重重。

It was climbing, it was ruins.

我们翻山越岭，穿越废墟。

It was, you know, going through the 12 Chinese provinces,

我们横跨了中国的12个省份，

this was before China was open in '87.

当时是1987年，中国尚未开放。

And we succeeded to meet in the middle

我俩成功在中点处碰头了，

to say goodbye.

互相告别。

And then our relationship stopped.

之后我们的关系就结束了。

And now, it completely changed how I see the public.

至此，我对公众的看法完全改变了。

And one very important piece I made in those days

在那段时间里， 我完成的最重要的一个表演

was "Balkan Baroque."

叫做"巴尔干巴洛克"。

And this was the time of the Balkan Wars,

那是在巴尔干战争期间，

and I wanted to create some very strong, charismatic image,

我想创造一些激烈的、 富有感染力的画面，

something that could serve for any war at any time,

可以用来表现发生在 任何时间的任何战争，

because the Balkan Wars are now finished, but there's always some war, somewhere.

因为尽管巴尔干战争已经结束了， 但战争行为本身不会消失。

So here I am washing

这是我在清洗

two and a half thousand dead, big, bloody cow bones.

2500根巨大的、血迹斑斑的牛骨。

You can't wash the blood, you never can wash shame off the wars.

你无法清洗掉血迹， 就如同你无法清洗战争的耻辱。

So I'm washing this six hours, six days, and wars are coming off these bones,

我清洗了6天，每天6小时， 战争的印记开始从骨头上消失，

and becoming possible -- an unbearable smell.

变得可以接受—— 那气味简直无法忍受。

But then something stays in the memory.

但是会让你留下难以磨灭的印象。

I want to show you the one who really changed my life,

我想向大家介绍 一个真正改变了我人生的表演，

and this was the performance in MoMa, which I just recently made.

这是我在现代艺术博物馆（NoMa）的 一个表演，最近才完成。

This performance -- when I said to the curator,

这个表演—— 当时我对馆长说，

"I'm just going to sit at the chair,

"我要坐在那把椅子上，

and there will be an empty chair at the front,

对面是另一把椅子，

and anybody from the public can come and sit as long as they want."

任何人都可以坐在上面， 想坐多久坐多久。"

The curator said to me,

馆长对我说，

"That's ridiculous, you know, this is New York,

"这太搞笑了，这里可是纽约，

this chair will be empty,

这椅子不会有人坐的，

nobody has time to sit in front of you."

因为大家都忙得要死。"

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But I sit for three months.

但我坐了三个月。

And I sit everyday, eight hours --

每天八小时——

the opening of the museum --

跟博物馆营业时间一致——

and 10 hours on Friday when the museum is open 10 hours,

周五博物馆开门十小时， 我就坐十小时，

and I never move.

而且我一动不动。

And I removed the table and I'm still sitting,

后来我把桌子也挪走了，继续坐着，

and this changed everything.

这改变了一切。

This performance, maybe 10 or 15 years ago --

这个表演，如果放在10或15年前——

nothing would have happened.

不会有任何影响。

But the need of people to actually experience something different,

但如今人们都想体验点特别的东西，

the public was not anymore the group --

而公众不再是一个群体——

relation was one to one.

而是（与我）变成了一对一的关系。

I was watching these people, they would come and sit in front of me,

我一直在观察这些人， 这些愿意坐在我面前的人，

but they would have to wait for hours and hours and hours

他们往往要等待数小时，

to get to this position,

才能排上队，

and finally, they sit.

最终坐下。

And what happened?

之后发生了什么呢？

They are observed by the other people,

他们会被其他人观察，

they're photographed, they're filmed by the camera,

被相机拍，被摄影机拍，

they're observed by me

我也在观察他们，

and they have nowhere to escape except in themselves.

他们无处可逃， 只能逃进自己的内心。

And that makes a difference.

而这就是我要的效果。

There was so much pain and loneliness,

当你注视着一个人的眼睛的时候，

there's so much incredible things when you look in somebody else's eyes,

会看到那么多的痛苦和孤独， 还有那么多美妙的东西，

because in the gaze with that total stranger,

因为在这凝视的过程中， 尽管对方是个陌生人，

that you never even say one word -- everything happened.

你一言不发，却胜过千言万语。

And I understood when I stood up from that chair after three months,

我明白，三个月后当我 从那把椅子上站起身来后，

I am not the same anymore.

我已不再是原来的我。

And I understood that I have a very strong mission,

我明白，我有一个使命，

that I have to communicate this experience

我要把这种体验

to everybody.

传达给每一个人。

And this is how, for me, was born the idea

这就是我想要成立一个

to have an institute of immaterial performing arts.

"无形表演艺术"机构的初衷。

Because thinking about immateriality,

思考一下什么是无形，

performance is time-based art.

表演是基于时间的艺术。

It's not like a painting.

不像绘画。

You have the painting on the wall, the next day it's there.

你在墙上作一幅画， 第二天它还在那里。

Performance, if you are missing it, you only have the memory,

而表演，如果你开始怀念， 你就只能凭记忆，

or the story of somebody else telling you,

或者凭别人的描述来回味，

but you actually missed the whole thing.

但实际上你怀念的是整场表演。

So you have to be there.

因此你必须到现场观看。

And in my point, if you talk about immaterial art,

在我看来，当我们讨论无形艺术时，

music is the highest -- absolutely highest art of all,

音乐是其中最高级的形式，

because it's the most immaterial.

因为音乐是最无形的。

And then after this is performance, and then everything else.

然后是表演，再然后是其他形式。

That's my subjective way.

这是我的个人看法。

This institute is going to happen in Hudson, upstate New York,

这个机构将设在纽约州北部的哈德森，

and we are trying to build with Rem Koolhaas, an idea.

我们计划同雷姆·库哈斯（译注：荷兰建筑师） 合作来建造，

And it's very simple.

想法很简单。

If you want to get experience, you have to give me your time.

如果你想过来体验的话， 你必须把你的时间交给我。

You have to sign the contract before you enter the building,

在开始体验前你需要签一份合同，

that you will spend there a full six hours,

保证你将在里面待满6小时，

you have to give me your word of honor.

你必须遵守自己的诺言。

It's something so old-fashioned,

这是一种老派的做法，

but if you don't respect your own word of honor and you leave before --

但如果你不遵守诺言， 提前离开了——

that's not my problem.

那我也拿你没辙。

But it's six hours, the experience.

整个体验长达6小时。

And then after you finish, you get a certificate of accomplishment,

当你完成之后， 你会得到一份证书，

so get home and frame it if you want.

可以拿回家装框挂起来。

(Laughter)

This is orientation hall.

（笑声）

这是接待大厅。

The public comes in, and the first thing you have to do is dress in lab coats.

公众走进来，第一件事是 换上实验室的白大褂。

It's this importance

这一步很重要，

of stepping from being just a viewer into experimenter.

表示你从观众变成了实验者。

And then you go to the lockers

然后会来到储物柜前，

and you put your watch, your iPhone, your iPod, your computer

把你的手表、iPhone、iPod、电脑等

and everything digital, electronic.

一切电子产品、数码产品都放进去。

And you are getting free time for yourself for the first time.

第一次，你拥有了完全自由的时间。

Because there is nothing wrong with technology,

科技本身并没有错，

our approach to technology is wrong.

而是我们使用科技的方法错了。

We are losing the time we have for ourselves.

我们失去了属于自己的时间。

This is an institute to actually give you back this time.

而我们的机构则会将这些时间还给你。

So what you do here,

你在这里能做的，

first you start slow walking, you start slowing down.

第一件事就是慢走，放慢速度。

You're going back to simplicity.

回归简单。

After slow walking, you're going to learn how to drink water --

慢走过后，你将学会如何喝水——

very simple, drinking water for maybe half an hour.

非常简单，就是花半小时来喝水。

After this, you're going to the magnet chamber,

然后，你将进入磁力室，

where you're going to create some magnet streams on your body.

在那里，你的身体里 将形成一些磁力流。

Then after this, you go to crystal chamber.

之后是水晶室。

After crystal chamber, you go to eye-gazing chamber,

水晶室之后，你将进入凝视室，

after eye-gazing chamber, you go to a chamber where you are lying down.

凝视室之后，你将进入 一个可以躺下的房间。

So it's the three basic positions of the human body,

人体有三种基本姿势，

sitting, standing and lying.

坐、站和躺。

And slow walking.

还有慢走。

And there is a sound chamber.

还有一间声音室。

And then after you've seen all of this,

经历完所有这一切，

and prepared yourself mentally and physically,

你的心理和生理都准备就绪，

你就可以开始体验 一些需要较长时间的东西了，

then you are ready to see something with a long duration,

like in immaterial art.

比如无形艺术。

It can be music, it can be opera, it can be a theater piece,

可以是音乐、歌剧或者一段戏剧。

it can be film, it can be video dance.

也可以是电影，视频或者舞蹈。

You go to the long duration chairs because now you are comfortable.

你坐上"长时间体验"专用椅， 你现在处于十分舒服的状态。

In the long duration chairs,

坐在这把椅子上，

you're transported to the big place where you're going to see the work.

你将被送到欣赏上述表演的地方 那里非常大。

And if you fall asleep,

如果你睡着了，

which is very possible because it's been a long day,

这很有可能，因为这一天很累人，

you're going to be transported to the parking lot.

你会被送到"停人场"。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And you know, sleeping is very important.

睡觉非常重要，大家都懂。

In sleeping, you're still receiving art.

即使在睡眠状态下， 你依然在感受艺术。

So in the parking lot you stay for a certain amount of time,

于是你会在"停人场"待一段时间，

and then after this you just, you know, go back,

之后你继续进行体验，

you see more of the things you like to see

看更多自己感兴趣的东西，

or go home with your certificate.

或者拿着自己的证书回家。

So this institute right now is virtual.

现在这个机构还只是一个设想。

Right now, I am just making my institute in Brazil,

目前，我正在巴西着手建第一家，

then it's going to be in Australia,

之后会到澳大利亚，

then it's coming here, to Canada and everywhere.

然后到这里，到加拿大， 再推广到全世界。

And this is to experience a kind of simple method,

我想提供一种简单的方法，

how you go back to simplicity in your own life.

让大家体验一下 回归简单生活的感觉。

Counting rice will be another thing.

数米粒儿也是个好方法。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

知道吗，只要你能耐下性子数米粒儿， 你就能创造人生。

You know, if you count rice you can make life, too.

How to count rice for six hours?

你要怎样坚持数6小时的米呢？

It's incredibly important.

这点十分重要。

You know, you go through this whole range of being bored, being angry,

你要经历一系列过程， 无聊、生气，

being completely frustrated, not finishing the amount of rice you're counting.

因为没数完而心烦意乱。

And then this unbelievable amount of peace you get

之后你会收获意想不到的平静，

when satisfying work is finished --

这就是完成一项工作的满足感——

or counting sand in the desert.

就像数清楚沙漠中的沙粒。

Or having the sound-isolated situation --

或者体验一下无声的世界——

that you have headphones, that you don't hear anything,

你戴着耳机，听不见任何声音，

and you're just there together without sound,

你们聚在一起，悄无声息，

with the people experiencing silence, just the simple silence.

大家都在体验安静，纯粹的安静。

We are always doing things we like in our life.

我们总是选择喜欢的事情来做。

And this is why you're not changing.

因此我们不会改变。

You do things in life --

你们一生要做很多事情——

it's just nothing happens if you always do things the same way.

如果总是以相同的方式做事， 生活会波澜不惊。

But my method is to do things I'm afraid of, the things I fear,

我的方法是去尝试 我害怕的事情，不敢做的事情，

the things I don't know,

我不明白的事情，

to go to territory that nobody's ever been.

去探索未知的领域。

And then also to include the failure.

也包括尝试失败。

I think failure is important

失败非常重要，

because if you go, if you experiment, you can fail.

因为只有去尝试，才有可能失败。

If you don't go into that area and you don't fail,

如果你从不尝试，就永远不会失败，

you are actually repeating yourself over and over again.

那你只是在不停重复自己。

And I think that human beings right now need a change,

我觉得人类现在需要改变，

and the only change to be made is a personal level change.

而这需要每个人从自身做起。

You have to make the change on yourself.

人人都需要改变自己。

Because the only way to change consciousness

因为改变自我意识，

and to change the world around us,

改变周遭世界的唯一方法，

is to start with yourself.

就是从改变自己做起。

It's so easy to criticize how it's different,

抱怨某件事太难做，这很简单，

the things in the world and they're not right,

世上有太多不公平，

and the governments are corrupted and there's hunger in the world

政府腐败，有人食不果腹，

and there's wars -- the killing.

战争还在发生——充满杀戮。

But what we do on the personal level --

但从个人角度出发， 我们能做些什么——

what is our contribution to this whole thing?

我们能做点什么来改变这一切？

Can you turn to your neighbor, the one you don't know,

请大家转向自己的邻座， 找一位你不认识的，

and look at them for two full minutes in their eyes, right now?

然后注视对方的眼睛两分钟，好吗？

(Chatter)

（轻微的骚动）

I'm asking two minutes of your time, that's so little.

仅仅占用大家两分钟，不长。

Breathe slowly, don't try to blink, don't be self-conscious.

放慢呼吸，尽量别眨眼， 尽量放空自己。

Be relaxed.

放轻松。

And just look a complete stranger in your eyes, in his eyes.

与这个完全陌生的人对视。

(Silence)

（安静）

Thank you for trusting me.

谢谢大家对我的信任。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Chris Anderson: Thank you.

克里斯·安德森：谢谢你。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。