An Art Made of Trust, Vulnerability and Connection | Marina Abramović | TED Talks

譯者: 易帆 余 審譯者: Joyce Chen

Now...

現在...

let's go back in time.

讓我們回到過去。

It's 1974.

回到1974年，

There is the gallery somewhere

在世界的某個地方

in the world,

有一個藝廊。

有一位23歲的年輕女孩

and there is a young girl, age 23,

standing in the middle of the space.

站在那個空間的中間，

In the front of her is a table.

在她面前的是一張桌子。

桌上有76個物品，

On the table there are 76 objects

是為了取悅和痛苦。

for pleasure and for pain.

Some of the objects are

那些物品包含

a glass of water, a coat, a shoe, a rose.

一杯水、一件外套、一隻鞋、一朵玫瑰，

但也有一把刀子、刀片、鐵鎚，

But also the knife, the razor blade, the hammer

and the pistol with one bullet.

及一把槍，附上一顆子彈。

旁邊的說明書這麼寫著：

There are instructions which say,

"I'm an object.

「我就是一件物品 ，

You can use everything on the table on me.

你可以在我身上使用桌上的任何東西，

I'm taking all responsibility -- even killing me.

我承擔所有責任── 即使把我殺了也可以，

And the time is six hours."

而時間是六小時。」

The beginning of this performance was easy.

這個表演一開始很輕鬆。

People would give me the glass of water to drink,

觀眾會給我一杯水喝，

they'd give me the rose.

他們會給我一朵玫瑰，

But very soon after,

但很快地，

there was a man who took the scissors and cut my clothes,

有一位男士拿了剪刀把我的衣服剪破，

and then they took the thorns of the rose and stuck them in my stomach.

然後他們拔起玫瑰尖刺 並刺進我的腹部。

Somebody took the razor blade and cut my neck and drank the blood,

有個人拿起刀片， 割了我的頸部並喝了我的血。

and I still have the scar.

那個刀疤仍在我身上。

The women would tell the men what to do.

女人會指使男人怎麼做，

沒有男人強暴我，

And the men didn't rape me because it was just a normal opening,

因為那是一個尋常的展覽場合， 有其他觀展者，

and it was all public,

and they were with their wives.

而且他們的妻子就跟在旁邊。

They carried me around and put me on the table,

他們把我移來移去、帶到桌上，

and put the knife between my legs.

然後把刀子放在我的兩腿之間。

And somebody took the pistol and bullet and put it against my temple.

其中一人拿了槍、裝上子彈 並用槍指著我的太陽穴，

And another person took the pistol and they started a fight.

另一人把槍搶走，他們開始打架。

And after six hours were finished,

六個小時結束後，

I...

我……

started walking towards the public.

開始走向群眾，

我殘破不堪。

I was a mess.

I was half-naked, I was full of blood and tears were running down my face.

我半裸、流了很多血、 臉上眼淚不停地流。

每個人避開、逃跑，

And everybody escaped, they just ran away.

他們無法面對我， 這個身為普通人的我。

They could not confront myself, with myself as a normal human being.

And then --

然後......

接下來發生的事就是，

what happened

我一個人在凌晨二點走進旅館，

is I went to the hotel, it was at two in the morning.

然後，

And

I looked at myself in the mirror,

我面對鏡中的自己，

and I had a piece of gray hair.

發現我有了一根灰白的頭髮。

好的，

Alright --

please take off your blindfolds.

請拿下你們的眼罩。

Welcome to the performance world.

歡迎來到「表演」的世界。

First of all, let's explain what the performance is.

首先，讓我們解釋一下「表演」是甚麼？

So many artists, so many different explanations,

有很多藝術家有不同的解釋，

but my explanation for performance is very simple.

但我對「表演」的解釋相當簡單。

Performance is a mental and physical construction

表演就是：表演者 用身體和心靈建構的狀態，

that the performer makes in a specific time

在某一時間、空間中， 呈現在觀眾面前。

in a space in front of an audience

and then energy dialogue happens.

然後彼此會有「能量對話」的發生。

The audience and the performer make the piece together.

觀眾與表演者一起創作出作品。

And the difference between performance and theater is huge.

表演和戲劇有很大的不同。

In the theater, the knife is not a knife

在戲劇中，刀子不是刀子，

and the blood is just ketchup.

而血只是番茄醬。

In the performance, the blood is the material,

在表演中，血是素材，

and the razor blade or knife is the tool.

而刀片或刀子則是工具。

It's all about being there in the real time,

表演的核心， 就是當下一定要在場，

and you can't rehearse performance,

而且你不能事前排演，

because you can't do many of these types of things twice -- ever.

因為這些作品的呈現型態， 你絕對不可能重現兩次。

這非常重要，表演這事--

Which is very important, the performance is --

you know, all human beings are always afraid of very simple things.

你知道的，人類總是害怕非常簡單的事，

We're afraid of suffering, we're afraid of pain,

我們害怕受苦，我們害怕痛苦，

we're afraid of mortality.

我們害怕死亡的事。

所以我做的是--

So what I'm doing --

I'm staging these kinds of fears in front of the audience.

我在觀眾面前展現這一類的害怕。

I'm using your energy,

我在利用你的能量。

and with this energy I can go and push my body as far as I can.

用你的能量，

我盡可能把自己的身體 推到一個極限。

And then I liberate myself from these fears.

然後我從這些恐懼中解放了我自己。

And I'm your mirror.

而我就是你的鏡子。

If I can do this for myself, you can do it for you.

如果我可以這樣做， 你自己也可以。

After Belgrade, where I was born,

我在貝爾格萊德出生後， (南斯拉夫首都)

I went to Amsterdam.

我去了阿姆斯特丹。

And you know, I've been doing performances

各位應該知道我近40年來

since the last 40 years.

都在從事表演。

And here I met Ulay,

在這裡我遇見了烏雷，

and he was the person I actually fell in love with.

他就是那個讓我真正 墜入情網的人。

And we made, for 12 years, performances together.

我們一起從事表演12年。

You know the knife and the pistols and the bullets,

你知道刀子、槍、子彈，

I exchange into love and trust.

我把它們轉變成愛與信任，

So to do this kind work you have to trust the person completely

所以呈現這種作品時， 你必須完全相信那個人。

because this arrow is pointing to my heart.

因為弓箭直指著我的心臟，

So, heart beating and adrenaline is rushing and so on,

所以，心臟跳得很快， 腎上腺素旺盛的流竄等等．．．

is about trust, is about total trust to another human being.

就是信任，就是完全信任另一個人。

我們的關係持續了12年，

Our relationship was 12 years,

and we worked on so many subjects, both male and female energy.

我們一起創作了很多作品， 包含男性和女性的能量。

And as every relationship comes to an end, ours went too.

每一段關係最終都會結束， 我們兩個的也是，

We didn't make phone calls like normal human beings do

我們不像一般人會打電話，

and say, you know, "This is over."

然後跟對方說" 我們結束吧 "

We walked the Great Wall of China to say goodbye.

我們去中國長城說再見，

I started at the Yellow Sea, and he started from the Gobi Desert.

我從黃海開始走，他從戈壁沙漠開始走，

We walked, each of us, three months,

我們每個人走了三個月，

two and a half thousand kilometers.

2500公里。

It was the mountains, it was difficult.

它有山，很艱辛，

It was climbing, it was ruins.

它有廢墟，得用爬的，

It was, you know, going through the 12 Chinese provinces,

你知道的，它貫穿了中國12個省，

this was before China was open in '87.

當時是在87年中國開放之前，

And we succeeded to meet in the middle

我們成功的在中間相遇，

to say goodbye.

並互道再見。

And then our relationship stopped.

然後我們的關係結束。

And now, it completely changed how I see the public.

現在，這件事完全改變我如何看待大眾。

And one very important piece I made in those days

在那個時期我有一件很重要的作品，

was "Balkan Baroque."

就是 "巴爾幹巴洛克"

And this was the time of the Balkan Wars,

這就是當時的巴爾幹戰爭，

and I wanted to create some very strong, charismatic image,

而我想創造強烈、 吸引人目光的照片。

something that could serve for any war at any time,

這照片可以象徵任何時間發生的戰爭，

because the Balkan Wars are now finished, but there's always some war, somewhere.

雖然巴爾幹戰爭已經結束， 但某些地方仍有戰爭。

So here I am washing

我在這邊洗...

two and a half thousand dead, big, bloody cow bones.

２５００隻死亡、大型、血腥母牛骨頭。

You can't wash the blood, you never can wash shame off the wars.

你無法洗掉血， 你無法洗掉戰爭的醜陋。

So I'm washing this six hours, six days, and wars are coming off these bones,

所以，我每天洗六小時，洗了六天， 這些骨頭所帶的戰爭記憶逐漸被洗掉，

and becoming possible -- an unbearable smell.

漸漸地變成一種... 難以忍受的味道。

But then something stays in the memory.

但之後某件事會停留在記憶裡。

I want to show you the one who really changed my life,

我想告訴你們，有個表演， 完全的改變我的一生。

and this was the performance in MoMa, which I just recently made.

就是最近我在MoMa的表演，

This performance -- when I said to the curator,

我向策展人說明這個表演的方式--

"I'm just going to sit at the chair,

" 我會坐在一張椅子上 "

and there will be an empty chair at the front,

" 前面會有一張空椅子 "

and anybody from the public can come and sit as long as they want."

" 任何人都可以坐在這， 想坐多久就多久 "

The curator said to me,

策展人對我說，

"That's ridiculous, you know, this is New York,

" 這太荒謬了，你知道， 這裡是紐約耶 ，"

this chair will be empty,

" 那張椅子會空著， "

nobody has time to sit in front of you."

" 沒人有時間坐在你面前 。"

(Laughter)

( 笑聲 )

But I sit for three months.

但我坐了3個月，

And I sit everyday, eight hours --

博物館每天早上一開們，

the opening of the museum --

我就坐8個小時。

and 10 hours on Friday when the museum is open 10 hours,

禮拜五博物館開到10點， 我就坐10個小時，

and I never move.

我沒移動。

And I removed the table and I'm still sitting,

然後我移開桌子，但我仍坐著，

and this changed everything.

而這件事改變了一切。

This performance, maybe 10 or 15 years ago --

這表演若在10或15年前--

nothing would have happened.

沒事會發生。

But the need of people to actually experience something different,

但人們的需求正在經歷某種變化。

the public was not anymore the group --

大眾不再是一個群體，

relation was one to one.

而是一對一的關係。

I was watching these people, they would come and sit in front of me,

我看著這些人， 他們坐在我面前，

but they would have to wait for hours and hours and hours

但他們得等很久， 好幾、好幾個小時，

to get to this position,

才能坐到這位置上，

and finally, they sit.

最後，他們坐上來了。

And what happened?

發生了甚麼事?

They are observed by the other people,

他們被另一個人觀察，

they're photographed, they're filmed by the camera,

他們被相機拍照、錄影。

they're observed by me

他們被我觀察

and they have nowhere to escape except in themselves.

除了他們的內在， 他們沒地方躲藏，

而這產生了一種差異。

And that makes a difference.

There was so much pain and loneliness,

這裡面有這麼多的痛苦和寂寞，

there's so much incredible things when you look in somebody else's eyes,

當你進入了他們的眼神， 有那麼多難以置信的事，

because in the gaze with that total stranger,

因為在你凝視這個完全陌生的人時，

that you never even say one word -- everything happened.

你沒說話，但每件事都發生了。

And I understood when I stood up from that chair after three months,

三個月後， 我明白當我從那張椅子站起來時，

我也變得不一樣了。

I am not the same anymore.

And I understood that I have a very strong mission,

我了解了我有個強烈的使命，

that I have to communicate this experience

我必須向每個人

to everybody.

交流這次的經歷。

And this is how, for me, was born the idea

因此我有了一個想法產生，

to have an institute of immaterial performing arts.

去開辦一個非物質 表演藝術的機構。

Because thinking about immateriality,

因為想到非物質，

performance is time-based art.

表演是種以時間為基礎的藝術。

It's not like a painting.

它不像一幅畫，

You have the painting on the wall, the next day it's there.

你掛在牆上的畫，隔天仍會在那。

Performance, if you are missing it, you only have the memory,

表演，一但你錯過了它， 你擁有的僅剩回憶，

or the story of somebody else telling you,

或者某人告訴你的故事，

but you actually missed the whole thing.

但你實際上仍錯過了整件事。

So you have to be there.

所以你必須要在場。

And in my point, if you talk about immaterial art,

就我的觀點，如果你要談論非物質藝術，

music is the highest -- absolutely highest art of all,

音樂是最高等級的-- 絕對是所有藝術裡面最高等級的。

because it's the most immaterial.

因為它是最非物質的，

And then after this is performance, and then everything else.

之後是這種表演，然後其他..

That's my subjective way.

這是我主觀的觀點。

This institute is going to happen in Hudson, upstate New York,

這個機構即將成立於紐約上州的哈德森。

and we are trying to build with Rem Koolhaas, an idea.

我們和荷蘭建築師Rem Koolhaas合作， 嘗試建構一個概念，

And it's very simple.

這概念很簡單，

If you want to get experience, you have to give me your time.

如果你想要體驗，你必須給我你的時間。

You have to sign the contract before you enter the building,

在你進入建築物前，你必須簽約，

that you will spend there a full six hours,

你會在裡面待滿6個小時，

you have to give me your word of honor.

你必須給我你的誓言，

It's something so old-fashioned,

這有點老套。

but if you don't respect your own word of honor and you leave before --

但如果你沒有遵守你的誓言， 而提前離開--

that's not my problem.

那就不關我的事。

But it's six hours, the experience.

但體驗有6小時。

And then after you finish, you get a certificate of accomplishment,

在你結束後，你會得到一個成就認證。

so get home and frame it if you want.

如果你想要的話， 拿回家把它裱框起來。

(Laughter)

( 笑聲 )

This is orientation hall.

這是培訓大廳。

The public comes in, and the first thing you have to do is dress in lab coats.

大家進來後，第一件事就是換上實驗衣。

It's this importance

有件事很重要--

of stepping from being just a viewer into experimenter.

就是你從一個觀看者變成體驗者。

And then you go to the lockers

你要去置物櫃，

and you put your watch, your iPhone, your iPod, your computer

把你的手錶，iPhone，iPod，電腦等

and everything digital, electronic.

每一件電子數位產品放進置物櫃。

And you are getting free time for yourself for the first time.

而你會第一次 體會到完全屬於自己的時刻。

Because there is nothing wrong with technology,

因為這不是科技的錯，

our approach to technology is wrong.

是我們對待科技的方式是錯的。

We are losing the time we have for ourselves.

我們正在浪費屬於我們自己的時間。

This is an institute to actually give you back this time.

這個機構 會真的將這種時間還給你。

So what you do here,

你所要做的事就是...

first you start slow walking, you start slowing down.

首先，你開始慢步走，開始慢下來。

You're going back to simplicity.

你會回到一種單純的境界。

After slow walking, you're going to learn how to drink water --

慢步走後，你會學如何喝水。

very simple, drinking water for maybe half an hour.

很單純，也許花半小時去喝它。

After this, you're going to the magnet chamber,

之後，你會到一個磁力室，

where you're going to create some magnet streams on your body.

一個你在你身上製造磁流的地方

Then after this, you go to crystal chamber.

之後，你會來到水晶室。

After crystal chamber, you go to eye-gazing chamber,

水晶室之後，你到眼神凝視室，

after eye-gazing chamber, you go to a chamber where you are lying down.

眼神凝視室後， 你會到一個可以躺下的地方。

So it's the three basic positions of the human body,

所以這是人類基本的三個動作--

sitting, standing and lying.

坐著、站著、躺著，

And slow walking.

及慢步走。

And there is a sound chamber.

然後有一個聲音室。

And then after you've seen all of this,

你領會完全部這些後，

and prepared yourself mentally and physically,

並把自己的身心準備好，

then you are ready to see something with a long duration,

然後你已準備好要花一段 長時間去領會某件事了，

like in immaterial art.

像是在非物質藝術裡一樣。

It can be music, it can be opera, it can be a theater piece,

它可以是音樂、歌劇、劇場作品...

可以是影片、跳舞影像...

it can be film, it can be video dance.

You go to the long duration chairs because now you are comfortable.

你會在長躺椅上，因為你現在很舒服。

In the long duration chairs,

在長躺椅上，

you're transported to the big place where you're going to see the work.

你會被送到一個大空間， 一個你將領會作品的地方

And if you fall asleep,

如果你睡著，

which is very possible because it's been a long day,

那是有可能的，因為是很長的一天。

you're going to be transported to the parking lot.

你會被送到停車場。

(Laughter)

( 笑聲 )

And you know, sleeping is very important.

你也知道，睡眠很重要。

In sleeping, you're still receiving art.

在睡眠時，你仍在接收藝術。

So in the parking lot you stay for a certain amount of time,

所以在停車場，你會停留一陣時間，

and then after this you just, you know, go back,

之後，你只要，你知道的，回家

you see more of the things you like to see

你會對你想的事會有更多的領悟，

or go home with your certificate.

或者拿著認證回家。

So this institute right now is virtual.

現在這個機構是虛擬的，

Right now, I am just making my institute in Brazil,

目前，我正在巴西建立這個機構，

then it's going to be in Australia,

它也將會到澳洲建立，

then it's coming here, to Canada and everywhere.

現在它來到這裡，到加拿大及每個地方，

And this is to experience a kind of simple method,

用簡單的方法去經歷體驗，

how you go back to simplicity in your own life.

在你的生命中， 如何回到簡單樸質的生活？

Counting rice will be another thing.

" 數米 "也是另一種方法。

(Laughter)

( 笑聲 )

You know, if you count rice you can make life, too.

你知道，如果你數米，你也能過活的。

How to count rice for six hours?

要怎麼數米數6小時?

It's incredibly important.

這相當重要。

You know, you go through this whole range of being bored, being angry,

你知道的，整個過程你會覺得無聊、生氣、

being completely frustrated, not finishing the amount of rice you're counting.

相當氣餒，沒辦法數完你要數的米。

And then this unbelievable amount of peace you get

但當令人滿意的作品完成後，

when satisfying work is finished --

你卻會得到無法置信的心靈平靜。

or counting sand in the desert.

或者在沙漠中"數沙粒"，

Or having the sound-isolated situation --

或是經歷 " 聲音隔離 "狀態--

that you have headphones, that you don't hear anything,

就是你雖有耳機，但你卻聽不到任何聲音，

and you're just there together without sound,

而你們只是在那個無聲的 地方聚集在一起，

with the people experiencing silence, just the simple silence.

一起與其他人體驗寂靜， 很單純的寂靜狀態。

We are always doing things we like in our life.

在我們生命中， 我們總是在做我們喜歡的事。

And this is why you're not changing.

而這也是為什麼你沒有改變。

You do things in life --

在你生命中做的事--

it's just nothing happens if you always do things the same way.

如果你總是用同樣的方式在做事， 不會有事情發生。

But my method is to do things I'm afraid of, the things I fear,

但我的方法是：去做我害怕的事、

the things I don't know,

我不懂的事、

to go to territory that nobody's ever been.

去到沒人到達過的領域，

And then also to include the failure.

而這也包含失敗。

I think failure is important

我認為失敗很重要。

because if you go, if you experiment, you can fail.

因為如果你往前、去體驗，你可能會失敗。

但如果你躊躇不前、不去經歷失敗，

If you don't go into that area and you don't fail,

you are actually repeating yourself over and over again.

那你只是不斷地在原地、 重複循環罷了。

And I think that human beings right now need a change,

我認為人類現在需要改變，

and the only change to be made is a personal level change.

而唯一要改變的 僅是個人層面的改變。

You have to make the change on yourself.

你必須在自己身上做出改變，

Because the only way to change consciousness

因為唯一改變意識的方法、

and to change the world around us,

唯一改變我們周遭的世界的方法，

is to start with yourself.

就是從你自身做起。

It's so easy to criticize how it's different,

我們很容易批評 今非昔比、

the things in the world and they're not right,

世界上有這麼多錯事，

and the governments are corrupted and there's hunger in the world

政府的腐敗、世界的飢荒...

and there's wars -- the killing.

戰爭、殺戮等等....

But what we do on the personal level --

但我們在個人層面改變所做的事--

what is our contribution to this whole thing?

我們在這些事情上的貢獻會是甚麼呢?

Can you turn to your neighbor, the one you don't know,

現在，可以請各位轉向面對你的鄰居？

and look at them for two full minutes in their eyes, right now?

找一個你不認識的人， 專注的看著他們的眼睛2分鐘

(Chatter)

( 交談聲 )

I'm asking two minutes of your time, that's so little.

請各位給我2分鐘時間，這時間很短。

Breathe slowly, don't try to blink, don't be self-conscious.

慢慢呼吸，眼神不要閃爍或感覺不自在

Be relaxed.

放輕鬆...

And just look a complete stranger in your eyes, in his eyes.

把一個完全不認識的人， 看進你的眼裡、看進他的眼裡。

(Silence)

( 安靜 )

Thank you for trusting me.

謝謝你們信任我。

(Applause)

( 掌聲 )

Chris Anderson: Thank you.

Chris Anderson：謝謝妳。

Thank you so much.

非常謝謝你。