Andrew Bastawrous: Get your next eye exam on a smartphone

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Ivana Korom

There are 39 million people in the world

U svetu postoji 39 miliona ljudi

who are blind.

koji su slepi.

Eighty percent of them

80% njih živi

are living in low-income countries such as Kenya,

u područjima sa niskim prihodima poput Kenije

and the absolute majority

i apsolutna većina

do not need to be blind.

ne mora da bude slepa.

They are blind from diseases

Slepi su zbog oboljenja

that are either completely curable or preventable.

koja su ili potpuno izlečiva ili sprečiva.

Knowing this, with my young family,

Sa ovim saznanjem, sa mojom mladom porodicom,

we moved to Kenya.

preselili smo se u Keniju.

We secured equipment,

Obezbedili smo opremu,

funds, vehicles, we trained a team,

sredstva, vozila, obučili smo ekipu,

we set up a hundred clinics throughout

osnovali stotine klinika

the Great Rift Valley

širom Velike rasedne doline

to try and understand a single question:

da pokušamo da razumemo jedno pitanje:

why are people going blind,

zašto ljudi oslepljuju,

and what can we do?

i šta možemo da učinimo?

The challenges were great.

Izazovi su bili veliki.

When we got to where we were going,

Kada smo stigli do odredišta,

we set up our high-tech equipment.

postavili smo svoju visoko tehnološku opremu.

Power was rarely available.

Struja je bila retko dostupna. Morali smo

We'd have to run our equipment

da napajamo opremu

from petrol power generators.

preko generatora na naftu.

And then something occurred to me:

I onda mi je nešto palo na pamet:

There has to be an easier way,

mora da postoji lakši način,

because it's the patients who are the most in need

jer su pacijenti ti kojima najviše treba

of access to eye care

pristup nezi oka,

who are the least likely to get it.

a najmanje je verovatno da će je dobiti.

More people in Kenya,

Više ljudi u Keniji

and in sub-Saharan Africa,

i podsaharskoj Africi

have access to a mobile phone

ima pristup mobilnom telefonu

than they do clean running water.

nego čistoj tekućoj vodi.

Tako smo rekli, možemo li iskoristiti

So we said, could we harness

the power of mobile technology

moć mobilne tehnologije

to deliver eye care in a new way?

da pružimo negu oka na novi način?

And so we developed Peek,

Tako smo razvili "Peek",

a smartphone [system] that enables

sistem za pametne telefone koji omogućava

community healthcare workers

zdravstvene radnike iz zajednice

and empowers them to deliver eye care everywhere.

i daje im mogućnost nege oka svuda.

We set about replacing traditional hospital equipment,

Tako smo krenuli da menjamo tradicionalnu bolničku opremu

which is bulky, expensive and fragile,

koja je kabasta, skupa i krhka,

with smartphone apps and hardware

aplikacijama i hardverom za telefone

that make it possible to test anyone

koji omogućavaju da se testira svako

in any language and of any age.

na svakom jeziku i svake starosti.

Here we have a demonstration

Ovde imamo demonstraciju

of a three-month-old having their vision

preciznog testiranja vida na detetu

accurately tested using an app and an eye tracker.

od tri meseca, koristeći aplikaciju i uređaj za merenje pokreta oka.

We've got many trials going on

Trenutno se dešava mnogo ispitivanja

in the community and in schools,

u zajednicama i školama,

and through the lessons that we've learned in the field,

i kroz lekcije sa terena,

we've realized it's extremely important

shvatili smo da je veoma bitno

to share the data in non-medical jargon

da se podaci podele kroz nemedicinski žargon

so that people understand

tako da ljudi razumeju

what we're examining and what that means to them.

šta ispitujemo i šta to znači za njih.

So here, for example,

Ovde, na primer,

we use our sight sim application,

koristimo aplikaciju za simulaciju vida,

once your vision has been measured,

jednom kada se vaš vid izmeri,

to show carers and teachers

da pokažemo starateljima i učiteljima

what the visual world is like for that person,

kakav je vizualni svet za tu osobu,

so they can empathize with them and help them.

da mogu da saosećaju s njom i da joj pomognu.

Once we've discovered somebody has low vision,

Jednom kada otkrijemo da je neko slabovid,

the next big challenge is to work out why,

sledeći veliki izazov je otkriti zašto, a da bismo

and to be able to do that,

mogli da uradimo to,

we need to have access to the inside of the eye.

moramo imati pristup unutrašnjosti oka.

Traditionally, this requires expensive equipment

Ovo tradicionalno zahteva skupu opremu

to examine an area called the retina.

da se ispita deo oka koji se zove mrežnjača.

The retina is the single part of the eye that has

Mrežnjača je jedan deo oka koji sadrži

huge amounts of information about the body

ogromne količine informacija o telu i njegovom zdravlju.

and its health.

Razvili smo hardver koji je štampan u 3D,

We've developed 3D-printed,

low-cost hardware

koji je jeftin i čija proizvodnja

that comes in at less than five dollars to produce,

košta manje od 5 dolara,

which can then be clipped onto a smartphone

i onda se može zakačiti na telefon

and makes it possible to get views

i omogućava da se pregleda

of the back of the eye

zadnji deo oka

of a very high quality.

u veoma visokom kvalitetu.

And the beauty is, anybody can do it.

Prelepo je to što svako može to da uradi.

In our trials on over two and half thousand people,

U našim ispitivanjima sa preko 2 500 ljudi,

the smartphone with the add-on clip

telefon sa dodatim klipom

is comparable to a camera

može se porediti sa fotoaparatom

that is hugely more expensive

koji je neizmerno skuplji

and hugely more difficult to transport.

i neizmerno teži za transportovanje.

When we first moved to Kenya,

Kada smo se doselili u Keniju,

we went with 150,000 dollars of equipment,

otišli smo sa opremom u vrednosti od 150 000 dolara,

a team of 15 people,

ekipom od 15 ljudi

and that was what was needed to deliver health care.

i to je bilo potrebno da se pruži zdravstvena nega.

Now, all that's needed

Sada je potrebna

is a single person

samo jedna osoba

on a bike with a smartphone.

na biciklu sa telefonom.

And it costs just 500 dollars.

I to košta samo 500 dolara.

The issue of power supply

Problem snabdevanja strujom

is overcome by harnessing the power of solar.

se prevazilazi korišćenjem solarne energije.

Our healthcare workers travel

Naši radnici putuju

with a solar-powered rucksack

sa rancem na solarnu energiju

which keeps the phone charged and backed up.

koji telefon održava punim.

Now we go to the patient

Sada odlazimo do pacijenta

rather than waiting for the patient never to come.

umesto da čekamo pacijenta koji nikad neće doći.

We go to them in their homes

Odlazimo do njih u njihove domove

and we give them the most comprehensive,

i pružamo im najobuhvatniji,

high-tech, accurate examination,

visokotehnološki, precizni pregled

which can be delivered by anyone with minimal training.

koji može pružiti svako sa minimalnom obukom.

We can link global experts

Možemo da povežemo svetske stručnjake

with people in the most rural,

sa ljudima u najudaljenijim mestima

difficult-to-reach places

do kojih je teško doći

that are beyond the end of the road,

i koja su iza kraja puta,

effectively putting those experts in their homes,

i bukvalno te eksperte dovodimo u njihove domove,

allowing us to make diagnoses

što nam je dozvolilo da pravimo dijagnoze

and make plans for treatment.

i planiramo lečenje.

Project managers, hospital directors,

Menadžeri projekata, direktori bolnica

are able to search on our interface

mogu da pretražuju kroz naš interfejs

by any parameter they may be interested in.

po bilo kom parametru koji ih interesuje.

Here in Nakuru, where I've been living,

Ovde u Nakuru, gde ja živim,

we can search for people

možemo da tražimo ljude

by whatever condition.

po bilo kom oboljenju.

Here are people who are blind

Ovde su oni koji su slepi

from a curable condition cataract.

zbog izlečive bolesti katarakte.

Each red pin depicts somebody

Svaka crvena tačka označava nekog

who is blind from a disease that is curable

ko je slep zbog izlečive bolesti

and treatable, and they're locatable.

koja može da se izleči, i možemo da ga nađemo.

We can use bulk text messaging services

Možemo da koristimo masovne poruke

to explain that we're coming to arrange a treatment.

da objasnimo da dolazimo da ugovorimo lečenje.

What's more, we've learned that this is something

Štaviše, saznali smo da je ovo nešto

that we haven't built just for the community

što nismo napravili samo za zajednicu,

but with the community.

već sa zajednicom.

Those blue pins that drop represent

Plave tačke predstavljaju

elders, or local leaders,

lokalne starešine

koje su povezane s tim ljudima

that are connected to those people

who can ensure that we can find them

i koji mogu da se postaraju

and arrange treatment.

da ih nađemo i ugovorimo lečenje.

So for patients like Mama Wangari,

Za pacijente poput Mame Vangari,

who have been blind for over 10 years

koji su slepi preko 10 godina

and never seen her grandchildren,

i nikad nisu videli svoje unuke,

for less than 40 dollars, we can restore her eyesight.

za manje od 40 dolara, možemo da im vratimo vid.

This is something that has to happen.

Ovo mora da se desi.

It's only in statistics

Samo u statistici

that people go blind by the millions.

ljudi postaju slepi u milionima.

The reality is everyone goes blind on their own.

U stvarnosti svako oslepi sam.

But now, they might just be

Ali sada, od pomoći ih udaljava

a text message away from help.

možda samo jedna SMS poruka.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

A pošto su demonstracije uživo uvek loša zamisao,

And now because live demos are always a bad idea,

we're going to try a live demo.

pokušaćemo upravo to.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So here we have the Peek Vision app.

Ovo je aplikacija "Peek Vision".

Okay, and what we're looking at here,

U redu, sada gledamo

this is Sam's optic nerve,

u Semin optički nerv,

which is a direct extension of her brain,

što je direktni produžetak njenog mozga,

so I'm actually looking at her brain as we look there.

tako da zapravo gledam u njen mozak.

We can see all parts of the retina.

Možemo da vidimo sve delove mrežnjače.

It makes it possible to pick up diseases

Tako je moguće videti bolesti

of the eye and of the body

oka i tela koje inače ne bismo mogli

that would not be possible without access to the eye,

bez pristupa oku, i ta sprava

and that clip-on device can be manufactured

koja se kači može da se proizvede

for just a few dollars,

za samo nekoliko dolara

and people can be cured of blindness,

i ljudi se mogu izlečiti od slepila,

and I think it says a lot about us as a human race

i mislim da o ljudskoj rasi govori dosta

if we've developed cures and we don't deliver them.

ako razvijemo lekove i ne dostavimo ih.

But now we can.

Ali sada možemo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)