Andrew Bastawrous: Get your next eye exam on a smartphone

Prevoditelj: Marinela Zagorscak Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

There are 39 million people in the world

Na svijetu je 39 milijuna ljudi

who are blind.

koji su slijepi.

Eighty percent of them

Njih osamdeset posto

are living in low-income countries such as Kenya,

živi u zemljama niskih prihoda poput Kenije,

and the absolute majority

i apsolutna većina

do not need to be blind.

ne treba biti slijepa.

They are blind from diseases

Oni su oslijepili uslijed bolesti

that are either completely curable or preventable.

koje su u potpunosti izlječive ili se mogu spriječiti.

Knowing this, with my young family,

Znajući ovo, sa svojom mladom obitelji,

we moved to Kenya.

preselili smo se u Keniju.

We secured equipment,

Osigurali smo opremu,

funds, vehicles, we trained a team,

sredstva, vozila, obučili tim ljudi,

we set up a hundred clinics throughout

osnovali smo stotinu klinika diljem

the Great Rift Valley

Doline Velikog Rasjeda (Great Rift Valley)

to try and understand a single question:

kako bismo odgovorili na pitanje:

why are people going blind,

zašto ljudi gube vid,

and what can we do?

i što mi možemo učiniti?

The challenges were great.

Izazovi su bili veliki.

When we got to where we were going,

Kada smo stigli do odredišta,

we set up our high-tech equipment.

postavili smo našu visoko-tehnološku opremu.

Power was rarely available.

Struja je bila rijetko dostupna.

We'd have to run our equipment

Naša oprema je radila pomoću

from petrol power generators.

generatora na benzin.

And then something occurred to me:

I tada sam se nečeg sjetio:

There has to be an easier way,

mora postojati lakši način,

because it's the patients who are the most in need

jer su pacijenti oni kojima je najpotrebniji

of access to eye care

pristup njezi očiju,

who are the least likely to get it.

a koji je najvjerojatnije neće dobiti.

More people in Kenya,

Više ljudi u Keniji

and in sub-Saharan Africa,

i subsaharskoj Africi

have access to a mobile phone

ima pristup mobilnom telefonu

than they do clean running water.

nego što ih ima čistoj, pitkoj vodi.

So we said, could we harness

Zapitali smo se, možemo li iskoristiti

the power of mobile technology

snagu mobilne tehnologije

to deliver eye care in a new way?

kako bismo omogućili njegu očiju na novi način?

And so we developed Peek,

I tako smo razvili Peek,

a smartphone [system] that enables

[sustav] za pametne telefone koji omogućuje

community healthcare workers

zdravstvenim radnicima u zajednici

and empowers them to deliver eye care everywhere.

pružanje njege očiju bilo gdje.

We set about replacing traditional hospital equipment,

Započeli smo sa zamjenom tradicionalne bolničke opreme,

which is bulky, expensive and fragile,

koja je glomazna, skupa i lako lomljiva,

with smartphone apps and hardware

sa aplikacijama za pametne telefone i hardwareom

that make it possible to test anyone

koji omogućuju testiranje svakoga

in any language and of any age.

na bilo kojem jeziku, bilo koje dobi.

Here we have a demonstration

Ovdje imamo primjer

of a three-month-old having their vision

testiranja vida tromjesečnog djeteta

accurately tested using an app and an eye tracker.

vrlo precizno koristeći aplikaciju i očni lokator.

We've got many trials going on

Provode se mnoga testiranja

in the community and in schools,

u zajednicama i školama,

and through the lessons that we've learned in the field,

i kroz lekcije koje smo naučili na terenu

we've realized it's extremely important

shvatili smo da je veoma važno

to share the data in non-medical jargon

podijeliti podatke na ne-medicinskom žargonu

so that people understand

kako bi ljudi mogli razumjeti

what we're examining and what that means to them.

što ispitujemo i što to znači za njih.

So here, for example,

Ovdje, na primjer,

we use our sight sim application,

koristimo aplikaciju za simulaciju vida,

once your vision has been measured,

odredimo kakav je vid,

to show carers and teachers

kako bismo pokazali njegovateljima i učiteljima,

what the visual world is like for that person,

kako ta osoba vidi svijet,

so they can empathize with them and help them.

da bi oni mogli suosjećati i pomoći joj.

Once we've discovered somebody has low vision,

Jednom kad identificiramo da netko ima slabi vid,

the next big challenge is to work out why,

sljedeći veliki izazov jest otkriti zašto,

and to be able to do that,

a da bismo to mogli,

we need to have access to the inside of the eye.

potreban nam je pristup unutrašnjosti oka.

Traditionally, this requires expensive equipment

Obično to zahtjeva skupu opremu

to examine an area called the retina.

kako bi se pregledao dio koji se zove mrežnjača.

The retina is the single part of the eye that has

Mrežnjača je dio oka koji sadrži

huge amounts of information about the body

brojne informacije o tijelu

and its health.

i njegovom zdravlju.

We've developed 3D-printed,

Razvili smo 3D isprintani,

low-cost hardware

jeftini hardware

that comes in at less than five dollars to produce,

čija proizvodnja košta manje od 5 dolara,

which can then be clipped onto a smartphone

i može se pričvrstiti na pametni telefon

and makes it possible to get views

te omogućuje pogled

of the back of the eye

u pozadinu oka

of a very high quality.

vrlo visoke rezolucije.

And the beauty is, anybody can do it.

A najljepše od svega je što svatko to može učiniti.

In our trials on over two and half thousand people,

U našim istraživanjima s više od dvije i pol tisuće ljudi,

the smartphone with the add-on clip

pametni telefon s dodatkom

is comparable to a camera

može se usporediti s kamerom

that is hugely more expensive

koja je mnogo skuplja

and hugely more difficult to transport.

i puno teža za transportiranje.

When we first moved to Kenya,

Kada smo se doselili u Keniju,

we went with 150,000 dollars of equipment,

stigli smo sa 150 000 dolara vrijedne opreme,

a team of 15 people,

s timom od 15 ljudi,

and that was what was needed to deliver health care.

i to je bilo potrebno kako bi se omogućila zdravstvena skrb.

Now, all that's needed

Sve što je sada potrebno

is a single person

jest jedna osoba

on a bike with a smartphone.

na biciklu s pametnim telefonom.

And it costs just 500 dollars.

I to košta samo 500 dolara.

The issue of power supply

Problem električne energije

is overcome by harnessing the power of solar.

se rješava iskorištavanjem solarne energije.

Our healthcare workers travel

Naši zdravstveni radnici putuju

with a solar-powered rucksack

s ruksacima na solarnu energiju

which keeps the phone charged and backed up.

koji osiguravaju da su baterije pune i sigurnosna kopija zaštićena.

Now we go to the patient

Sada mi idemo do pacijenta

rather than waiting for the patient never to come.

radije nego čekajući pacijentov eventualan dolazak.

We go to them in their homes

Ulazimo u njihove domove

and we give them the most comprehensive,

i dajemo im opsežne,

high-tech, accurate examination,

visoko tehnološke i točne preglede,

which can be delivered by anyone with minimal training.

koje može napraviti bilo tko uz minimalnu obuku.

We can link global experts

Možemo povezati svjetske stručnjake

with people in the most rural,

s ljudima u najruralnijim,

difficult-to-reach places

teško dostupnim mjestima

that are beyond the end of the road,

koja se nalaze daleko od cesta,

effectively putting those experts in their homes,

i uspješno ih dovodimo u njihove domove,

allowing us to make diagnoses

što nam omogućuje uspostavljanje dijagnoze

and make plans for treatment.

i planiranje lječenja.

Project managers, hospital directors,

Voditelji projekata i bolnica

are able to search on our interface

mogu pretraživati naše sučelje

by any parameter they may be interested in.

prema bilo kojem parametru koji ih zanima.

Here in Nakuru, where I've been living,

Ovdje u Nakuru, gdje živim,

we can search for people

mogu se tražiti ljudi

by whatever condition.

prema bilo kojem stanju.

Here are people who are blind

Ovdje se nalaze ljudi koji su slijepi

from a curable condition cataract.

zbog izlječive mrene na oku.

Each red pin depicts somebody

Svaka crvena pribadača opisuje osobu

who is blind from a disease that is curable

koja je slijepa uslijed izlječive bolesti

and treatable, and they're locatable.

i može ih se locirati.

We can use bulk text messaging services

Koristimo masovni SMS sustav za slanje poruka

to explain that we're coming to arrange a treatment.

kako bismo objasnili da dolazimo dogovoriti liječenje.

What's more, we've learned that this is something

Štoviše, shvatili smo da je ovo nešto

that we haven't built just for the community

što smo uspostavili ne samo za zajednicu

but with the community.

nego sa zajednicom.

Those blue pins that drop represent

One plave pribadače predstavljaju

elders, or local leaders,

starješine, ili lokalne vođe,

that are connected to those people

koji su povezani s tim ljudima

who can ensure that we can find them

i pomažu nam da ih pronađemo

and arrange treatment.

i dogovorimo terapiju.

So for patients like Mama Wangari,

Tako pacijenti poput Mame Wanagari,

who have been blind for over 10 years

koji su slijepi već gotovo 10 godina

and never seen her grandchildren,

i nikada nisu vidjeli svoje unuke,

for less than 40 dollars, we can restore her eyesight.

za manje od 40 dolara, možemo im vratiti vid.

This is something that has to happen.

Ovo je nešto što se mora dogoditi.

It's only in statistics

Samo statistički gledano

that people go blind by the millions.

milijuni tih ljudi postaje slijepo.

The reality is everyone goes blind on their own.

Zapravo, sami postaju slijepi.

But now, they might just be

Ali sada, možda su udaljeni samo

a text message away from help.

jednom porukom od pomoći.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And now because live demos are always a bad idea,

Demonstracije uživo su uvijek loša ideja pa ćemo sada

we're going to try a live demo.

izvesti primjer uživo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So here we have the Peek Vision app.

Ovdje imamo Peek Vision aplikaciju.

Okay, and what we're looking at here,

Ono u što gledamo sad,

this is Sam's optic nerve,

to je Samin optički živac,

which is a direct extension of her brain,

koji je direktna veza s njezinim mozgom,

so I'm actually looking at her brain as we look there.

i sada, zapravo, gledam njezin mozak.

We can see all parts of the retina.

Vidimo sve dijelove mrežnjače.

It makes it possible to pick up diseases

Moguće je pronaći bolest

of the eye and of the body

oka ili dijelova tijela

that would not be possible without access to the eye,

koje ne bi bilo moguće ustanoviti bez pristupa oku,

and that clip-on device can be manufactured

a uređaj sa dodatkom može se proizvesti

for just a few dollars,

za samo nekoliko dolara,

and people can be cured of blindness,

i ljude se može izlječiti od sljepoće.

and I think it says a lot about us as a human race

Smatram da to mnogo govori o nama kao ljudskoj rasi

if we've developed cures and we don't deliver them.

ako razvijemo lijek i ne dajemo ga bolesnima.

But now we can.

Ali sada možemo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)