David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs

Prevodilac: Predrag Ljubenović Lektor: Mile Živković

I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,

Rođen sam i odrastao u Sijera Leoneu,

a small and very beautiful country

maloj i veoma lepoj zemlji

in West Africa,

u zapadnoj Africi,

a country rich both in physical resources

zemlji bogatoj kako prirodnim resursima

and creative talent.

tako i kreativnim talentima.

However, Sierra Leone is infamous

Ipak, Sijera Leone je ozloglašen

for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s

zbog decenijskog pubunjeničkog rata '90-ih

when entire villages were burnt down.

kada su cela sela spaljena.

An estimated 8,000 men, women and children

Približno kod 8000 muškaraca, žena i dece

had their arms and legs amputated during this time.

je izvršena amputacija ruku i nogu tokom ovog perioda.

As my family and I ran for safety

Dok smo moja porodica i ja bežali ka bezbednosti,

when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,

kada sam imao 12 godina, od jednog od tih napada,

I resolved that I would do everything I could

odlučio sam da ću učiniti sve što je u mojoj moći

to ensure that my own children

da osiguram da moja deca

would not go through the same experiences we had.

ne prođu kroz isto iskustvo koje smo mi imali.

They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone

Oni će biti, u stvari, deo Sijera Leonea

where war and amputation

kada rat i amputacije

were no longer a strategy for gaining power.

ne budu više strategija za dobijanje moći.

As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,

Dok sam gledao osobe koje poznajem, voljene,

recover from this devastation,

kako se oporavljaju od razaranja,

one thing that deeply troubled me

jedna stvar koja me je duboko mučila

was that many of the amputees in the country

je to što većina osoba sa amputacijom u zemlji

would not use their prostheses.

ne želi da nosi proteze.

The reason, I would come to find out,

Razlog, koji sam kasnije saznao,

was that their prosthetic sockets

je taj što je njihovo ležište proteze

were painful because they did not fit well.

bilo bolno jer se nije dobro uklapala.

The prosthetic socket is the part

Ležište proteze je deo

in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,

u koji osoba s amputiranim udom uvlači patrljak,

and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.

i koji se povezuje sa zglobom proteze.

Even in the developed world,

Čak i u razvijenom svetu,

it takes a period of three weeks to often years

potreban je period od tri nedelje do čak par godina

for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.

da pacijent dobije udobno ležište, ako ga ikad i dobije.

Prosthetists still use conventional processes

Prostetičari i dalje koriste konvencionalne metode

like molding and casting

kao što je kalupljenje i livenje

to create single-material prosthetic sockets.

kako bi napravili ležišta za proteze od jednog materijala.

Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts

Takva ležišta često vrše nepodnošljivu količinu

of pressure on the limbs of the patient,

pritiska na udove pacijenta,

leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.

ostavljajući ih sa ranama i plikovima usled pritiska.

It does not matter

Uopšte nije važno

how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.

koliko je jak vaš zglob proteze.

If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,

Ako je ležište vaše proteze neudobno,

you will not use your leg,

vi nećete koristiti vašu nogu,

and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.

i to je jednostavno neprihvatljivo u našem dobu.

So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr

I tako jednog dana, kada sam sreo profesora Hju Hera

about two and a half years ago,

pre dve ipo godine,

and he asked me if I knew how to solve this problem,

on me je upitao da li znam kako da rešim ovaj problem,

I said, "No, not yet,

ja sam rekao: „Ne, ne još uvek,

but I would love to figure it out."

ali bih voleo to da rešim.“

And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,

I tako sam za svoj doktorat na MIT Media laboratoriji,

I designed custom prosthetic sockets

dizajnirao prilagođena ležišta proteze

quickly and cheaply

brzo i jeftino -

that are more comfortable

a ona su mnogo udobnija

than conventional prostheses.

nego uobičajene proteze.

I used magnetic resonance imaging

Koristio sam magnetnu rezonancu

to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,

kako bih snimio stvarni oblik anatomije pacijenta,

then use finite element modeling to better predict

onda je korišćeno modelovanje konačnih elemenata kako bi bolje predvideli

the internal stresses and strains

unutrašnje napone i naprezanja

on the normal forces,

pri normalnim silama,

and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.

i onda je napravljeno ležište proteze za proizvođača.

We use a 3D printer to create

Koristili smo 3D štampač da napravimo

a multi-material prosthetic socket

više-materijalno ležište proteze

which relieves pressure where needed

koje ublažava pritisak tamo gde je to potrebno

on the anatomy of the patient.

na anatomiji pacijenta.

In short, we're using data

Ukratko, koristimo podatke

to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.

da napravimo nova ležišta brzo i jeftino.

In a recent trial we just wrapped up

U skorašnjem ispitivanju koje smo upravo završili

at the Media Lab,

u Media Lab-u,

one of our patients, a U.S. veteran

jedan od naših pacijenata, američki veteran

who has been an amputee for about 20 years

koji već 20 godina živi bez amputiranog uda

and worn dozens of legs,

i koji je nosio desetine nogu,

said of one of our printed parts,

rekao je za jedan od naših odštampanih delova:

"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,

„Tako je mek, osećaj je kao da hodaš po jastucima,

and it's effing sexy."

a i vrlo je seksi.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Disability in our age

Invaliditet u našem dobu

should not prevent anyone

ne bi trebalo nikog

from living meaningful lives.

da spreči da živi smislen život.

My hope and desire is that the tools and processes

Moja nada i želja je da alati i procesi

we develop in our research group

koje razvijamo u našoj razvojnoj grupi

can be used to bring highly functional prostheses

mogu biti upotrebljeni kako bi visoko funkcionalne proteze

to those who need them.

došle do onih kojima su neophodne.

For me, a place to begin healing the souls

Za mene, mesto za početak lečenja duša

of those affected by war and disease

onih koji su zahvaćeni ratom i bolešću,

is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces

je pravljenje udobnih i pristupačnih interfejsa

for their bodies.

za njihova tela.

Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,

Bilo to u Sijera Leoneu ili u Bostonu,

I hope this not only restores

nadam se da ovo ne samo da obnavlja

but indeed transforms their sense of human potential.

već zaista transformiše njihov osećaj za ljudski potencijal.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)