David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs

110,476 views ใƒป 2014-04-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื•ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ,
00:17
a small and very beautiful country
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ืืจืฅ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื”
00:19
in West Africa,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
00:21
a country rich both in physical resources
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ืืจืฅ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืกื™ื™ื
00:23
and creative talent.
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ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
00:26
However, Sierra Leone is infamous
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื”
00:28
for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืช ืขืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 90
00:30
when entire villages were burnt down.
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ื›ืฉื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื ืฉืจืคื•.
00:33
An estimated 8,000 men, women and children
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ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉ 8,000 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
00:37
had their arms and legs amputated during this time.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
00:42
As my family and I ran for safety
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ื›ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆื ื• ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื
00:45
when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 12 ืžืื—ืช ื”ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
00:47
I resolved that I would do everything I could
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™
00:51
to ensure that my own children
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ืœื“ื™
00:53
would not go through the same experiences we had.
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ืœื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•.
00:57
They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone
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ื”ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ
00:59
where war and amputation
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ื‘ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืงื˜ื™ืขื•ืช
01:02
were no longer a strategy for gaining power.
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื›ื•ื—.
01:06
As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,
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ื›ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™, ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื ืœื™,
01:10
recover from this devastation,
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ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื”ื”ืจืก ื”ื–ื”,
01:12
one thing that deeply troubled me
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื™
01:15
was that many of the amputees in the country
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืงื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
01:17
would not use their prostheses.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
01:19
The reason, I would come to find out,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
01:21
was that their prosthetic sockets
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช
01:23
were painful because they did not fit well.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:29
The prosthetic socket is the part
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ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœืง
01:31
in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,
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ื‘ื• ื”ืงื˜ื•ืข ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืจ,
01:35
and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.
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ื•ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื•ืชื‘.
01:37
Even in the developed world,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—,
01:39
it takes a period of three weeks to often years
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ื
01:42
for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.
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ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ื—ื”, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
01:46
Prosthetists still use conventional processes
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ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
01:49
like molding and casting
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ื›ืžื• ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืงื•ืช
01:52
to create single-material prosthetic sockets.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืชื•ืชื‘ ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“.
01:55
Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts
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ื›ืืœื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื•ืช
01:58
of pressure on the limbs of the patient,
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ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”,
02:01
leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.
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ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ืคืฆืขื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื™ื‘ืœื•ืช.
02:05
It does not matter
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื”
02:07
how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืง ื”ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื•ืชื‘.
02:10
If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,
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ืื ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืชื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”,
02:13
you will not use your leg,
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ืืชื ืœื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื›ื,
02:15
and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•.
02:19
So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr
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ืื– ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจ
02:21
about two and a half years ago,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™,
02:23
and he asked me if I knew how to solve this problem,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:25
I said, "No, not yet,
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื,
02:27
but I would love to figure it out."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”."
02:30
And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ MIT,
02:33
I designed custom prosthetic sockets
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ืชื™ื›ื ื ืชื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืชื‘
02:36
quickly and cheaply
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื•ืœ
02:39
that are more comfortable
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
02:41
than conventional prostheses.
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ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช.
02:44
I used magnetic resonance imaging
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
02:46
to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”,
02:50
then use finite element modeling to better predict
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:53
the internal stresses and strains
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ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืžืก
02:55
on the normal forces,
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ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื,
02:57
and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœืชื•ืชื‘ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ.
03:02
We use a 3D printer to create
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
03:05
a multi-material prosthetic socket
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ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืชื•ืชื‘ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื
03:09
which relieves pressure where needed
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ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš
03:11
on the anatomy of the patient.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”.
03:15
In short, we're using data
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข
03:18
to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื•ืœ.
03:21
In a recent trial we just wrapped up
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ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื™ื™ืžื ื•
03:23
at the Media Lab,
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”,
03:25
one of our patients, a U.S. veteran
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
03:28
who has been an amputee for about 20 years
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืฉื ื”
03:30
and worn dozens of legs,
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ื•ืœื‘ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช,
03:34
said of one of our printed parts,
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ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
03:38
"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,
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"ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจืš, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ื•ืช,
03:41
and it's effing sexy."
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ื•ื–ื” ืกืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ."
03:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:48
Disability in our age
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ื ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•
03:51
should not prevent anyone
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืืฃ ืื—ื“
03:53
from living meaningful lives.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
03:55
My hope and desire is that the tools and processes
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื
03:59
we develop in our research group
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•
04:01
can be used to bring highly functional prostheses
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
04:04
to those who need them.
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ืœืืœื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
04:06
For me, a place to begin healing the souls
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช
04:11
of those affected by war and disease
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ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืžืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช
04:15
is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืžืฉืง ื ื•ื— ื•ื–ื•ืœ
04:19
for their bodies.
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ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:21
Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
04:24
I hope this not only restores
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื™ืฉืงื
04:28
but indeed transforms their sense of human potential.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
04:31
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
04:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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