David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs

106,434 views ・ 2014-04-10

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: K Bang κ²€ν† : Damin Park
00:12
I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,
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μ €λŠ” μ‹œμ—λΌλ¦¬μ˜¨μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžλžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
a small and very beautiful country
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μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜
00:19
in West Africa,
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μž‘κ³  맀우 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ λ‚˜λΌμ£ .
00:21
a country rich both in physical resources
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κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—λŠ” 물질적 μžμ›κ³Ό
00:23
and creative talent.
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창쑰적인 재λŠ₯이 ν’λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
However, Sierra Leone is infamous
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμ—λΌλ¦¬μ˜¨μ€ 90λ…„λŒ€μ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜
00:28
for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s
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μ‹­μ—¬ 년에 걸친 λ°˜λž€ μ „μŸμœΌλ‘œ μ•…λͺ…이 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
when entire villages were burnt down.
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κ·Έλ•Œ λ§ˆμ„ 전체가 λΆˆνƒ€ μ—†μ–΄μ‘Œμ—ˆμ£ .
00:33
An estimated 8,000 men, women and children
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λŒ€λž΅ 8μ²œμ—¬ λͺ…μ˜ 남녀와 아이듀이
00:37
had their arms and legs amputated during this time.
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이 μ‹œκΈ°μ— νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
As my family and I ran for safety
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μ œκ°€ 12μ‚΄ λ•Œ 저와 우리 가쑱이
00:45
when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,
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κ·Έ 곡격을 ν”Όν•΄ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곳으둜 λ– λ‚  λ•Œ
00:47
I resolved that I would do everything I could
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μ €λŠ” 제 아이듀이 저희가 κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„
00:51
to ensure that my own children
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λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ κ²ͺ지 μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:53
would not go through the same experiences we had.
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μ œκ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν•˜λ¦¬λΌκ³  λ‹€μ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone
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사싀 κ·Έ 아이듀도 μ „μŸκ³Ό μ ˆλ‹¨μ΄
00:59
where war and amputation
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더 이상 ꢌλ ₯을 μ–»λŠ” μ „λž΅μ΄ 될 수 μ—†λŠ”
01:02
were no longer a strategy for gaining power.
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μ‹œμ—λΌλ¦¬μ˜¨μ˜ 일뢀가 되겠죠.
01:06
As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,
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μ œκ°€ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” 지인듀이
01:10
recover from this devastation,
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이런 ν”Όν•΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° νšŒλ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 과정을 λ³Ό λ•Œ
01:12
one thing that deeply troubled me
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μ €λ₯Ό λ§ˆμŒμ† 깊이 κ΄΄λ‘­ν˜”λ˜ 것 ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”
01:15
was that many of the amputees in the country
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이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ ˆλ‹¨ ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄
01:17
would not use their prostheses.
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μ˜μˆ˜μ‘±μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°λž€ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:19
The reason, I would come to find out,
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μ œκ°€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:21
was that their prosthetic sockets
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의수쑱의 μ—°κ²°λΆ€κ°€
01:23
were painful because they did not fit well.
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잘 λ§žμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ 맀우 κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μ› κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:29
The prosthetic socket is the part
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의수쑱 μ—°κ²°λΆ€λŠ”
01:31
in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,
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μ ˆλ‹¨ ν™˜μžκ°€ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” 신체 뢀뢄을 λΌμ›Œ λ„£μ–΄
01:35
and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.
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μ˜μ‘±μ— κ΄€μ ˆμ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
Even in the developed world,
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μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ—μ„œμ‘°μ°¨
01:39
it takes a period of three weeks to often years
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λ§Œμ•½ ν™˜μžκ°€ 연결뢀에 νŽΈν•΄μ§„λ‹€ 해도
01:42
for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 3μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ•Œλ‘  λͺ‡ 년이 걸리기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Prosthetists still use conventional processes
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λ³΄μ² μ‚¬λŠ” ν•œκ°€μ§€ 재질둜 의수쑱 μ—°κ²°λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:49
like molding and casting
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μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λ„ μ£Όλ¬Ό 방식과 같은
01:52
to create single-material prosthetic sockets.
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고전적인 방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts
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그런 μ—°κ²°λΆ€λŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬μ—
01:58
of pressure on the limbs of the patient,
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μ’…μ’… 견디기 νž˜λ“€ μ •λ„μ˜ μ••λ ₯을 κ°€ν•΄μ„œ
02:01
leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.
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그둜 μΈν•œ 톡증과 물집을 λ‚¨κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
It does not matter
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인곡 발λͺ©μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ°•ν•œμ§€λŠ”
02:07
how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.
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μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,
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의수쑱 κ΄€μ ˆμ΄ λΆˆνŽΈν•˜λ©΄
02:13
you will not use your leg,
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닀리λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°κ³ 
02:15
and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.
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저희 λ‚˜μ΄μ— 그건 λ„μ €νžˆ 받아듀일 수 μ—†λŠ” μΌμ΄μ§€μš”.
02:19
So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr
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2λ…„ 반 μ „ μ–΄λŠ λ‚ 
02:21
about two and a half years ago,
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휴 ν—ˆ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜μ„ λ΅ˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:23
and he asked me if I knew how to solve this problem,
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κ·Έ 뢄은 제게 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ¬ΌμœΌμ…¨μ–΄μš”.
02:25
I said, "No, not yet,
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μ œκ°€ 그랬죠. "아뇨, μ•„μ§μ΄μš”.
02:27
but I would love to figure it out."
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 있으면 정말 μ’‹κ² μ–΄μš”."
02:30
And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ MIT λ―Έλ””μ–΄ λž©μ—μ„œ 박사 κ³Όμ • μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ
02:33
I designed custom prosthetic sockets
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λ§žμΆ€ν˜• 의수쑱 μ—°κ²°λΆ€λ₯Ό
02:36
quickly and cheaply
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λΉ λ₯΄κ³  κ°’μ‹Έκ²Œ λ””μžμΈν•΄μ„œ
02:39
that are more comfortable
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기쑴의 μ˜μˆ˜μ‘±λ³΄λ‹€
02:41
than conventional prostheses.
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더 νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
I used magnetic resonance imaging
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μ €λŠ” MRI λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:46
to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,
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ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‹€μ œ 해뢀학적 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ 본뜨고
02:50
then use finite element modeling to better predict
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μœ ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ²• λͺ¨λΈλ§μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:53
the internal stresses and strains
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상적인 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λΆ€ μ••λ ₯κ³Ό 압박을
02:55
on the normal forces,
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더 잘 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.
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그리고 양산을 μœ„ν•œ 의수쑱 μ—°κ²°λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
We use a 3D printer to create
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 3D ν”„λ¦°ν„°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:05
a multi-material prosthetic socket
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 재질둜 된 의수쑱 μ—°κ²°λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
03:09
which relieves pressure where needed
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μ΄λŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ 신체가 μš”κ΅¬ν•  λ•Œ
03:11
on the anatomy of the patient.
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압박을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
In short, we're using data
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, 데이터λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:18
to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ—°κ²°λΆ€λ₯Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ³  κ°’μ‹Έκ²Œ λ§Œλ“  것이죠.
03:21
In a recent trial we just wrapped up
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졜근 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Έλ””μ–΄ λž©μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ„
03:23
at the Media Lab,
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거의 λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
one of our patients, a U.S. veteran
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저희 ν™˜μž 쀑 ν•œ 뢄은 λ―Έκ΅­ 퇴역 ꡰ인인데
03:28
who has been an amputee for about 20 years
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κ·ΈλŠ” 20μ—¬ λ…„ 전에 μ ˆλ‹¨μ„ λ‹Ήν•œ ν›„
03:30
and worn dozens of legs,
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μ‹­μ—¬ 개의 μ˜μ‘±μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ 있죠.
03:34
said of one of our printed parts,
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그뢄은 3D ν”„λ¦°ν„°λ‘œ μƒμ‚°λœ 뢀뢄에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,
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"이건 ꡉμž₯히 λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μ›Œμ„œ 베게 μœ„λ₯Ό κ±·λŠ” κΈ°λΆ„μ΄μ—μš”.
03:41
and it's effing sexy."
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, μ  μž₯, μ„Ήμ‹œν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν•˜λ„€μš”."
03:44
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:48
Disability in our age
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우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μž₯μ• λŠ”
03:51
should not prevent anyone
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그게 λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ 
03:53
from living meaningful lives.
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μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 삢을 μ‚΄ 수 없도둝 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
My hope and desire is that the tools and processes
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μ œκ°€ 바라고 ν¬λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 저희 μ—°κ΅¬λ‹¨μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ”
03:59
we develop in our research group
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기ꡬ와 과정듀이
04:01
can be used to bring highly functional prostheses
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κ³ κΈ°λŠ₯의 μ˜μˆ˜μ‘±μ„ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
04:04
to those who need them.
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κ·Έκ±Έ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
For me, a place to begin healing the souls
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μ „μŸκ³Ό μ§ˆλ³‘μœΌλ‘œ μ°Œλ“ 
04:11
of those affected by war and disease
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λ§ˆμŒμ„ μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ€
04:15
is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces
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신체에 νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ³  감당할 λ§Œν•œ κ°€κ²©μ˜
04:19
for their bodies.
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μž₯치λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,
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κ·Έ 곳이 μ‹œμ—λΌλ¦¬μ˜¨μ΄λ“  λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μ΄λ“ 
04:24
I hope this not only restores
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이것이 μΈκ°„μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ˜μ‚΄λ € 쀄 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:28
but indeed transforms their sense of human potential.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ‹€ν˜„λ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ €λŠ” ν¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
Thank you very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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