David Brooks: The social animal

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Sandra Gojic

When I got my current job, I was given a good piece of advice,

Kada sam se zaposlio na trenutnom poslu, dobio sam dobar savet,

which was to interview three politicians every day.

a to je da intervjuišem tri političara svakog dana.

And from that much contact with politicians,

I iz tolikog kontakta sa političarima,

I can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another.

mogu vam reći da su svi na neki način emocionalni čudaci.

They have what I called "logorrhea dementia,"

Imaju ono što zovem logoreja demencija,

which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane.

znači toliko pričaju da se na kraju izlude.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

But what they do have is incredible social skills.

Ali imaju neverovatne socijalne veštine.

When you meet them, they lock into you,

Kada se sretnete, oni vas obgrle,

they look you in the eye,

gledaju vas u oči,

they invade your personal space,

uđu vam u lični prostor,

they massage the back of your head.

masiraju vam potiljak.

I had dinner with a Republican senator several months ago

Pre nekoliko meseci sam večerao sa jednim Republikanskim

who kept his hand on my inner thigh

senatorom koji je tokom cele večere držao ruku na

throughout the whole meal -- squeezing it.

unutrašnjoj strani moje butine - i stezao je.

I once -- this was years ago --

Pre mnogo godina sam video

I saw Ted Kennedy and Dan Quayle meet in the well of the Senate.

Teda Kenedija i Dena Kvejla kako se sreću u Senatu.

And they were friends, and they hugged each other

Bili su prijatelji, zagrlili su se,

and they were laughing, and their faces were like this far apart.

smejali su se i lica im bila ovoliko udaljena.

And they were moving and grinding

Pomerali su se i stezali

and moving their arms up and down each other.

i mazili jedan drugog.

And I was like, "Get a room. I don't want to see this."

Mislio sam, "Idite u sobu. Ne želim ovo da gledam."

But they have those social skills.

Ali oni imaju te socijalne veštine.

Another case:

Još jedan slučaj:

Last election cycle,

U prošlom izbornom krugu sam

I was following Mitt Romney around New Hampshire,

pratio Mita Romnija kroz Nju Hempšir.

and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons:

Vodio je kampanju sa svojih 5 savršenih sinova:

Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip and Dip.

Bipom, Čipom, Ripom, Zipom, Lipom i Dipom.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And he's going into a diner.

I ide u restoran.

And he goes into the diner, introduces himself to a family

Uđe u restoran i predstavi se jednoj porodici

and says, "What village are you from in New Hampshire?"

i kaže, "Iz kog sela u Nju Hempširu dolazite?"

And then he describes the home he owned in their village.

A potom opisuje kuću koju je u njihovom selu imao.

And so he goes around the room,

I tako ide prostorijom,

and then as he's leaving the diner,

i kada odlazi sa večere, pozdravlja

he first-names almost everybody he's just met.

skoro svakog koga je upravo upoznao, prvim imenom.

I was like, "Okay, that's social skill."

Pomislio sam, "Okej, to je socijalna veština."

But the paradox is,

Ali paradoks je u tome što,

when a lot of these people slip into the policy-making mode,

kad mnogi od ovih ljudi počnu da donose zakone,

that social awareness vanishes

ta socijalna svest nestaje

and they start talking like accountants.

i počinju da pričaju kao računovođe.

So in the course of my career,

Tokom svoje karijere

I have covered a series of failures.

pisao sam o mnogim neuspesima.

We sent economists in the Soviet Union

Kada se Sovjetski Savez raspao, poslali

with privatization plans when it broke up,

smo tamo ekonomiste sa planovima privatizacije,

and what they really lacked was social trust.

a njima je nedostajalo socijalno poverenje.

We invaded Iraq with a military

Izvršili smo invaziju na Irak,

oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities.

nesvesni kulturnih i psiholoških realnosti.

We had a financial regulatory regime

Imali smo režim finansijske regulative

based on the assumptions

zasnovan na pretpostavkama

that traders were rational creatures

da su trgovci racionalna bića

who wouldn't do anything stupid.

koja ne bi uradila ništa glupo.

For 30 years, I've been covering school reform

Trideset godina pišem o reformi školstva

and we've basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes --

a samo smo reorganizovali birokratske kutije -

charters, private schools, vouchers --

dokumente, privatne škole, vaučere -

but we've had disappointing results year after year.

ali godinu za godinom imamo razočaravajuće rezultate.

And the fact is, people learn from people they love.

Činjenica je da ljudi uče od ljudi koje vole.

And if you're not talking about the individual relationship

I ako ne govorite o individualnoj vezi

between a teacher and a student,

između nastavnika i učenika,

you're not talking about that reality.

ne govorite o toj stvarnosti,

But that reality is expunged

koja je izbrisana

from our policy-making process.

iz našeg procesa donošenja zakona.

And so that's led to a question for me:

To me je dovelo do pitanja:

Why are the most socially-attuned people on earth

Zašto su najbolje socijalno prilagođeni ljudi na svetu

completely dehumanized

potpuno dehumanizovani

when they think about policy?

kada razmišljaju o zakonima?

And I came to the conclusion,

I došao sam do zaključka

this is a symptom of a larger problem.

da je to simptom jednog većeg problema.

That, for centuries, we've inherited a view of human nature

Vekovima imamo sliku ljudske prirode

based on the notion

koja je zasnovana na ideji

that we're divided selves,

da smo mi podeljena bića,

that reason is separated from the emotions

da je razum odvojen od emocija

and that society progresses

i da društvo napreduje do

to the extent that reason can suppress the passions.

mere do koje razum može da potisne strasti.

And it's led to a view of human nature

To je dovelo do vizije ljudske prirode

that we're rational individuals

po kojoj smo racionalna bića

who respond in straightforward ways to incentives,

koja na direktan način odgovaraju na podsticaje.

and it's led to ways of seeing the world

To je dovelo do viđenja sveta u

where people try to use the assumptions of physics

kom ljudi pokušavaju da koriste pretpostavke iz fizike

to measure how human behavior is.

da bi izmerili ljudsko ponašanje.

And it's produced a great amputation,

To je proizvelo veliki nedostatak,

a shallow view of human nature.

plitak pogled na ljudsku prirodu.

We're really good at talking about material things,

Stvarno smo dobri u pričanju o materijalnim stvarima,

but we're really bad at talking about emotions.

ali smo zaista loši u pričanju o emocijama.

We're really good at talking about skills

Dobri smo u pričanju o veštinama,

and safety and health;

bezbednosti i zdravlju,

we're really bad at talking about character.

a zaista loši u pričanju o karakteru.

Alasdair MacIntyre, the famous philosopher,

Alasder MakIntajer, poznati filozof,

said that, "We have the concepts of the ancient morality

rekao je da "su nam poznate ideje starog morala,

of virtue, honor, goodness,

vrline, časti, dobrote,

but we no longer have a system

ali više nemamo sistem

by which to connect them."

kojim bismo ih povezali."

And so this has led to a shallow path in politics,

Ovo je dovelo do površnog puta u politici,

but also in a whole range of human endeavors.

ali i u mnogim drugim ljudskim nastojanjima.

You can see it in the way we raise our young kids.

Možete to videti u načinu na koji podižemo decu.

You go to an elementary school at three in the afternoon

Ako odete u osnovnu školu u tri popodne

and you watch the kids come out,

i gledate decu kako izlaze,

and they're wearing these 80-pound backpacks.

sva nose ruksake od 40 kilograma.

If the wind blows them over, they're like beetles stuck there on the ground.

Ako ih vetar prevrne, oni su kao bube, ne mogu da se pomere.

You see these cars that drive up --

Vidite te automobile koji dolaze -

usually it's Saabs and Audis and Volvos,

obično su to Saab, Audi ili Volvo, jer

because in certain neighborhoods it's socially acceptable to have a luxury car,

je u nekim delovima grada društveno prihvatljivo imati luksuzni auto

so long as it comes from a country hostile to U.S. foreign policy --

samo ako on potiče iz zemlje koja je neprijateljski nastrojena

that's fine.

prema spoljnoj politici SAD-a, to je ok.

They get picked up by these creatures I've called uber-moms,

Pokupe ih kreature koje nazivam uber-mame,

who are highly successful career women

to su žene veoma uspešne u svojim karijerama

who have taken time off to make sure all their kids get into Harvard.

koje su uzele slobodno vreme kako bi osigurale da im deca upišu Harvard.

And you can usually tell the uber-moms

Obično uber-mame možete prepoznati

because they actually weigh less than their own children.

po tome što su manje težine od sopstvene dece.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

So at the moment of conception,

U momentu začeća,

they're doing little butt exercises.

one rade male vežbe za guzu.

Babies flop out,

Bebe izlete napolje, a one im

they're flashing Mandarin flashcards at the things.

mašu karticama na mandarinskom ispred nosa.

Driving them home, and they want them to be enlightened,

Voze ih kući i žele da budu prosvetljena,

so they take them to Ben & Jerry's ice cream company

pa ih vode u Ben&Jerry's poslastičarnice

with its own foreign policy.

koje imaju sopstvenu spoljnu politiku.

In one of my books,

U jednoj od mojih knjiga šalim se da

I joke that Ben & Jerry's should make a pacifist toothpaste --

bi Ben&Jerry's mogli da naprave pacifističku pastu za zube -

doesn't kill germs, just asks them to leave.

ne ubija bakterije, samo ih zamoli da odu.

It would be a big seller.

Dobro bi se prodavala.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And they go to Whole Foods to get their baby formula,

Onda idu u prodavnice zdrave hrane da uzmu dohranu za bebe.

and Whole Foods is one of those progressive grocery stores

Ove prodavnice su jedne od naprednih, gde

where all the cashiers look like they're on loan from Amnesty International.

sve kasirke izgledaju kao da su na pozajmici od Amnesty International.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

They buy these seaweed-based snacks there

Tu kupuju sendviče sa morskom travom

called Veggie Booty with Kale,

koji se zovu "Vege Guza" sa keljom,

which is for kids who come home and say,

koji su za decu koja dođu kući i kažu,

"Mom, mom, I want a snack that'll help prevent colon-rectal cancer."

"Mama, mama, želim užinu koja sprečava rak debelog creva."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And so the kids are raised in a certain way,

Dakle deca se podižu na određeni način,

jumping through achievement hoops of the things we can measure --

preskaču kroz obruče postignuća koja možemo da merimo -

SAT prep, oboe, soccer practice.

priprema za prijemni, oboa, fudbal.

They get into competitive colleges, they get good jobs,

Upisuju kompetitivne fakultete, dobijaju dobre poslove,

and sometimes they make a success of themselves

ponekad i uspeju u životu

in a superficial manner, and they make a ton of money.

na površan način i zarade gomilu novca.

And sometimes you can see them at vacation places

Ponekad ih možete videti u odmaralištima

like Jackson Hole or Aspen.

poput Džekson Hola ili Aspena.

And they've become elegant and slender --

Postali su elegantni i vitki -

they don't really have thighs;

nemaju butine;

they just have one elegant calve on top of another.

imaju dva elegantna lista jedan na drugom.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

They have kids of their own,

Imaju svoju decu i ostvarili

and they've achieved a genetic miracle by marrying beautiful people,

su genetsko čudo, udajući se za lepe ljude

so their grandmoms look like Gertrude Stein,

tako da im bake liče na Gertrudu Stajn,

their daughters looks like Halle Berry -- I don't know how they've done that.

a ćerke na Hali Beri - ne znam kako im to uspeva.

They get there and they realize

Stignu dotle i shvate da je sada

it's fashionable now to have dogs a third as tall as your ceiling heights.

u modi imati psa visine do prozora.

So they've got these furry 160-pound dogs --

Dakle imaju te čupave pse od 80 kila -

all look like velociraptors,

koji liče na dinosauruse,

all named after Jane Austen characters.

i svi su nazvani po likovima Džejn Ostin.

And then when they get old, they haven't really developed a philosophy of life,

I kad ostare nemaju razvijenu životnu filozofiju,

but they've decided, "I've been successful at everything;

ali odluče "Uspešan sam u svemu

I'm just not going to die."

i naprosto neću umreti."

And so they hire personal trainers;

I onda unajme lične trenere,

they're popping Cialis like breath mints.

gutaju Cialis kao da je Tik-Tak.

You see them on the mountains up there.

Viđate ih na planinama.

They're cross-country skiing up the mountain

Skijaju uz planinu

with these grim expressions

sa ljutitim izrazima lica

that make Dick Cheney look like Jerry Lewis.

koji čine da Dik Čejni izgleda kao Džeri Luis.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And as they whiz by you,

I dok proleću pored vas,

it's like being passed by a little iron Raisinet

kao da vas mimoilaze gvozdene grožđice

going up the hill.

koje idu uzbrdo.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And so this is part of what life is,

Ovo je deo onoga što čini život,

but it's not all of what life is.

ali nije sve u životu.

And over the past few years,

Mislim da smo tokom poslednjih

I think we've been given a deeper view of human nature

nekoliko godina dobili dublji pogled u ljudsku prirodu

and a deeper view of who we are.

i dublji uvid u to ko smo.

And it's not based on theology or philosophy,

A on nije zasnovan na teologiji ili filozofiji,

it's in the study of the mind,

nego u proučavanju uma,

across all these spheres of research,

u raznim sferama istraživanja,

from neuroscience to the cognitive scientists,

od neuronauke do kognitivnih naučnika,

behavioral economists, psychologists,

bihejvioralnih ekonomista, psihologa,

sociology,

sociologije,

we're developing a revolution in consciousness.

mi razvijamo revoluciju svesti.

And when you synthesize it all,

A kada sve to sintetizujemo,

it's giving us a new view of human nature.

dobijamo novi pogled na ljudsku prirodu.

And far from being a coldly materialistic view of nature,

Daleko od toga da je hladni materijalistički pogled na prirodu,

it's a new humanism, it's a new enchantment.

to je novi humanizam, novo očaranje.

And I think when you synthesize this research,

Mislim da, kada sintetizujete ovo istraživanje,

you start with three key insights.

počinjete sa tri ključna uvida.

The first insight is

Prvi uvid je taj da,

that while the conscious mind writes the autobiography of our species,

dok svesni um piše autobiografiju naše vrste,

the unconscious mind does most of the work.

najveći deo posla obavlja nesvesni um.

And so one way to formulate that is

Možemo reći da ljudski um

the human mind can take in millions of pieces of information a minute,

može da primi milione raznih informacija u minuti,

of which it can be consciously aware of about 40.

a može biti svestan samo oko njih 40.

And this leads to oddities.

A ovo vodi do neobičnosti.

One of my favorite is that people named Dennis

Jedna od mojih omiljenih je da ljudi koji se zovu Zoran

are disproportionately likely to become dentists,

imaju disproporcionalno veće šanse da postanu zubari,

people named Lawrence become lawyers,

oni koji se zovu Petar postanu poštari,

because unconsciously we gravitate toward things

jer podsvesno naginjemo ka stvarima

that sound familiar,

koje nam zvuče poznato i zato

which is why I named my daughter President of the United States Brooks.

sam svoju ćerku nazvao Predsednica Sjedinjenih Država Bruks.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Another finding is that the unconscious,

Još jedno otkriće je da je podsvest

far from being dumb and sexualized,

daleko od toga da je glupa i seksualizovana,

is actually quite smart.

zapravo je prilično pametna.

So one of the most cognitively demanding things we do is buy furniture.

Jedna od kognitivno najzahtevnijih stvari koje radimo je kupovina nameštaja.

It's really hard to imagine a sofa, how it's going to look in your house.

Teško je zamisliti kako će fotelja da izgleda u vašem domu.

And the way you should do that

A trebalo bi da proučite

is study the furniture,

nameštaj, pustite da vam se "krčka"

let it marinate in your mind, distract yourself,

u glavi, okupirate se nečim drugim

and then a few days later, go with your gut,

i posle nekoliko dana idete prema osećaju,

because unconsciously you've figured it out.

jer ste podsvesno već odlučili.

The second insight

Drugi uvid je

is that emotions are at the center of our thinking.

da su emocije u centru našeg razmišljanja.

People with strokes and lesions

Ljudi sa moždanim udarima i lezijama

in the emotion-processing parts of the brain

u delovima mozga koji se bave obradom emocija

are not super smart,

nisu super pametni,

they're actually sometimes quite helpless.

ponekad su stvarno bespomoćni.

And the "giant" in the field is in the room tonight

Večeras je ovde i veliki stručnjak za tu oblast

and is speaking tomorrow morning -- Antonio Damasio.

- Antonio Damasio, koji će govoriti sutra.

And one of the things he's really shown us

Jedna od stvari koje nam je on pokazao

is that emotions are not separate from reason,

je da emocije nisu odvojene od razuma,

but they are the foundation of reason

one su osnova razuma

because they tell us what to value.

jer nam govore šta da vrednujemo.

And so reading and educating your emotions

Prepoznavanje emocija i njihovo usavršavanje

is one of the central activities of wisdom.

je jedna od centralnih aktivnosti mudrosti.

Now I'm a middle-aged guy.

Ja sam sredovečan čovek;

I'm not exactly comfortable with emotions.

nije mi baš prijatno sa emocijama.

One of my favorite brain stories described these middle-aged guys.

Imam omiljenu priču o mozgu koja opisuje sredovečne tipove.

They put them into a brain scan machine --

Stave ih u skener mozga -

this is apocryphal by the way, but I don't care --

ne znam poreklo priče, ali baš me briga -

and they had them watch a horror movie,

i puste im da gledaju horor film, a onda

and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives.

traže od njih da opišu svoja osećanja prema svojim ženama.

And the brain scans were identical in both activities.

Aktivnost mozga je bila identična u obe aktivnosti.

It was just sheer terror.

To je bio čist užas.

So me talking about emotion

Kad ja pričam o emocijama, to

is like Gandhi talking about gluttony,

je kao da Gandi priča o halavosti,

but it is the central organizing process

ali one jesu centralni organizacioni proces

of the way we think.

načina na koji razmišljamo.

It tells us what to imprint.

Govore nam šta da zapamtimo.

The brain is the record of the feelings of a life.

Mozak je skladište osećanja jednog života.

And the third insight

I treći uvid je da

is that we're not primarily self-contained individuals.

nismo individue prvenstveno usredsređene na sebe.

We're social animals, not rational animals.

Mi smo društvene životinje, ne racionalne životinje.

We emerge out of relationships,

Mi nastajemo iz veza i duboko

and we are deeply interpenetrated, one with another.

smo isprepletani jedni sa drugima.

And so when we see another person,

Kada vidimo drugu osobu

we reenact in our own minds

mi u našim umovima

what we see in their minds.

preslikamo ono što vidimo u njihovim.

When we watch a car chase in a movie,

Kada u filmu gledamo jurnjavu kolima

it's almost as if we are subtly having a car chase.

to je kao da donekle i mi učestvujemo u jurnjavi.

When we watch pornography,

Kada gledamo pornografiju,

it's a little like having sex,

to je kao upražnjavanje seksa,

though probably not as good.

mada verovatno ne toliko dobro.

And we see this when lovers walk down the street,

Vidimo to kad zaljubljeni parovi prolaze ulicom,

when a crowd in Egypt or Tunisia

kada masu ljudi u Egiptu ili Tunisu

gets caught up in an emotional contagion,

preplavi emotivni talas,

the deep interpenetration.

duboka isprepletanost.

And this revolution in who we are

Ova revolucija naše ličnosti

gives us a different way of seeing, I think, politics,

omogućava da na drugačiji način vidimo politiku,

a different way, most importantly,

što je najvažnije, na drugačiji način

of seeing human capital.

vidimo ljudski potencijal.

We are now children of the French Enlightenment.

Mi smo sada deca francuskog prosvetiteljstva.

We believe that reason is the highest of the faculties.

Mislimo da je razum najviša osobina.

But I think this research shows

Ali mislim da ovo istraživanje pokazuje

that the British Enlightenment, or the Scottish Enlightenment,

da je britansko ili škotsko prosvetiteljstvo

with David Hume, Adam Smith,

sa Dejvidom Hjumom i Adamom Smitom,

actually had a better handle on who we are --

zapravo imalo bolju ideju o tome ko smo -

that reason is often weak, our sentiments are strong,

razum je često slab, naša osećanja su jaka

and our sentiments are often trustworthy.

i često se osećanjima može verovati.

And this work corrects that bias in our culture,

Ovaj rad ispravlja tu pristrasnost u našoj kulturi,

that dehumanizing bias.

tu dehumanizujuću pristrasnost.

It gives us a deeper sense

Daje nam dublji smisao

of what it actually takes

o tome šta je potrebno

for us to thrive in this life.

da bismo u ovom životu bili uspešni.

When we think about human capital

Kada pomislimo na ljudski kapital,

we think about the things we can measure easily --

mislimo na ono što lako možemo meriti -

things like grades, SAT's, degrees,

kao što su ocene, ispiti, diplome,

the number of years in schooling.

broj godina školovanja.

What it really takes to do well, to lead a meaningful life,

Ono što je potrebno da bismo vodili dobar i smislen život

are things that are deeper,

jesu dublje stvari,

things we don't really even have words for.

one za koje čak nemamo reči.

And so let me list just a couple of the things

Dopustite mi da istaknem par stvari

I think this research points us toward trying to understand.

na čije razumevanje mislim da nas ovo istraživanje upućuje.

The first gift, or talent, is mindsight --

Prvi dar ili talenat, je pronicljivost -

the ability to enter into other people's minds

mogućnost da uđemo u umove drugih

and learn what they have to offer.

i otkrijemo šta oni nude.

Babies come with this ability.

Bebe imaju ovu sposobnost.

Meltzoff, who's at the University of Washington,

Meltcof, koji je na vašingtonskom univerzitetu,

leaned over a baby who was 43 minutes old.

nagnuo se nad bebu staru svega 43 minuta.

He wagged his tongue at the baby.

Isplazio je jezik ka bebi.

The baby wagged her tongue back.

Beba je odgovorila plaženjem jezika.

Babies are born to interpenetrate into Mom's mind

Bebe su rođene da proniknu u um majke

and to download what they find --

i da presnime ono što nađu -

their models of how to understand reality.

modele razumevanja stvarnosti.

In the United States, 55 percent of babies

U Sjedinjenim Državama, 55% beba

have a deep two-way conversation with Mom

ima dubok dvosmerni razgovor sa majkama

and they learn models to how to relate to other people.

i uči modele odnošenja prema drugim ljudima.

And those people who have models of how to relate

A ljudi koji imaju modele odnosa prema drugima,

have a huge head start in life.

imaju ogromnu prednost u životu.

Scientists at the University of Minnesota did a study

Naučnici na Univerzitetu u Minesoti su radili

in which they could predict

studiju u kojoj su mogli da predvide

with 77 percent accuracy, at age 18 months,

sa tačnošću od 77%, na uzrastu od 18 meseci,

who was going to graduate from high school,

ko će maturirati u srednjoj školi,

based on who had good attachment with mom.

na osnovu toga ko je imao dobru vezu sa mamom.

Twenty percent of kids do not have those relationships.

20 procenata dece nema te veze.

They are what we call avoidantly attached.

Oni su razvili izbegavajući stil vezivanja.

They have trouble relating to other people.

Imaju teškoća da se vežu za druge.

They go through life

Idu kroz život kao

like sailboats tacking into the wind --

jedrilice koje se njišu na vetru -

wanting to get close to people,

žele da se približe ljudima,

but not really having the models of how to do that.

ali nemaju modele po kojima bi to radili.

And so this is one skill

To je jedna veština

of how to hoover up knowledge, one from another.

prikupljanja znanja, jednog od drugog.

A second skill is equipoise,

Druga veština je jednaka stabilnost.

the ability to have the serenity

Sposobnost da se ima smirenost

to read the biases and failures in your own mind.

da se protumače pristrasnosti sopstvenog uma.

So for example, we are overconfidence machines.

Na primer, mi smo mašine sa prevelikim samopouzdanjem.

Ninety-five percent of our professors report

95% naših profesora kaže

that they are above-average teachers.

da su nadprosečni nastavnici.

Ninety-six percent of college students

96% naših studenata

say they have above-average social skills.

kaže da ima nadprosečne socijalne veštine.

Time magazine asked Americans, "Are you in the top one percent of earners?"

"Tajm" magazin je pitao Amerikance "Da li ste među 1% onih koji najviše zarađuju?"

Nineteen percent of Americans are in the top one percent of earners.

19% Amerikanaca su među 1% najbogatijih.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

This is a gender-linked trait, by the way.

Usput, ova osobina je povezana sa polom.

Men drown at twice the rate of women,

Muškarci se dave dva puta više od žena,

because men think they can swim across that lake.

jer misle da mogu da preplivaju to jezero.

But some people have the ability and awareness

Neki ljudi imaju sposobnost i svest

of their own biases, their own overconfidence.

svojih pristrasnosti, svog prevelikog samopouzdanja.

They have epistemological modesty.

Imaju epistemološku skromnost.

They are open-minded in the face of ambiguity.

Otvoreni su pred dvosmislenostima.

They are able to adjust strength of the conclusions

Mogu da prilagode snagu zaključaka

to the strength of their evidence.

snazi svojih dokaza.

They are curious.

Radoznali su.

And these traits are often unrelated and uncorrelated with IQ.

Ove osobine često nisu u vezi niti korelaciji sa IQ.

The third trait is metis,

Treća osobina je medes,

what we might call street smarts -- it's a Greek word.

ono što zovemo ulični razum - to je grčka reč.

It's a sensitivity to the physical environment,

To je osetljivost na fizičku okolinu,

the ability to pick out patterns in an environment --

sposobnost razaznavanja obrazaca iz okoline -

derive a gist.

izvlačenja suštine.

One of my colleagues at the Times

Jedan od mojih kolega iz "Tajmsa"

did a great story about soldiers in Iraq

je napisao odličnu priču o vojnicima u Iraku

who could look down a street and detect somehow

koji su mogli da pogledaju niz ulicu i nekako

whether there was an IED, a landmine, in the street.

otkriju da li na njoj ima eksploziva, mina.

They couldn't tell you how they did it,

Nisu mogli da kažu kako to rade,

but they could feel cold, they felt a coldness,

ali osećali su hladnoću

and they were more often right than wrong.

i češće su bili u pravu nego što su grešili.

The third is what you might call sympathy,

Treće se može nazvati simpatija,

the ability to work within groups.

sposobnost da radimo u grupama.

And that comes in tremendously handy,

To postaje neverovatno zgodno,

because groups are smarter than individuals.

jer su grupe pametnije od pojedinaca -

And face-to-face groups are much smarter

a grupe koje su fizički zajedno mnogo su pametnije

than groups that communicate electronically,

od grupa koje komuniciraju elektronski,

because 90 percent of our communication is non-verbal.

jer 90% naše komunikacije je neverbalno.

And the effectiveness of a group

A efektivnost grupe

is not determined by the IQ of the group;

ne određuje njen IQ, nego

it's determined by how well they communicate,

kvalitet komunikacije članova

how often they take turns in conversation.

i učestalost smenjivanja u razgovoru.

Then you could talk about a trait like blending.

Onda imamo osobinu uklapanja.

Any child can say, "I'm a tiger," pretend to be a tiger.

Svako dete može reći "Ja sam tigar", pretvarajući se da jeste.

It seems so elementary.

To deluje tako obično.

But in fact, it's phenomenally complicated

Ali ustvari, izuzetno je komplikovano

to take a concept "I" and a concept "tiger"

uzeti ideju "ja" i ideju "tigar"

and blend them together.

i uklopiti ih.

But this is the source of innovation.

Ali ovo je izvor inovacije.

What Picasso did, for example,

Pikaso je, na primer,

was take the concept "Western art"

uzeo koncept zapadnjačke umetnosti

and the concept "African masks"

i koncept afričkih maski

and blend them together --

i spojio ih -

not only the geometry,

ne samo geometriju,

but the moral systems entailed in them.

nego i moralne sisteme utisnute u njih.

And these are skills, again, we can't count and measure.

Opet, to su osobine koje ne možemo brojati i meriti.

And then the final thing I'll mention

Poslednja stvar koju ću spomenuti

is something you might call limerence.

je nešto kao zaljubljenost.

And this is not an ability;

Ovo nije sposobnost,

it's a drive and a motivation.

to je poriv i motivacija.

The conscious mind hungers for success and prestige.

Svesni um je željan uspeha i prestiža.

The unconscious mind hungers

Nesvesni um je željan

for those moments of transcendence,

transcendentalnih trenutaka,

when the skull line disappears

kada nestaje fizička ograničenost

and we are lost in a challenge or a task --

i kad se izgubimo u nekom izazovu ili zadatku -

when a craftsman feels lost in his craft,

kada se zanatlija izgubi u svojoj veštini,

when a naturalist feels at one with nature,

kada prirodnjak oseća jedinstvo sa prirodom,

when a believer feels at one with God's love.

kada vernik oseća jedinstvo sa božijom ljubavlju.

That is what the unconscious mind hungers for.

To je ono za čim žudi nesvesni um.

And many of us feel it in love

Mnogi od nas to osećaju u ljubavi,

when lovers feel fused.

kada ljubavnici osećaju jedinstvo.

And one of the most beautiful descriptions

Jedan od najlepših opisa

I've come across in this research

toga kako se umovi prepliću,

of how minds interpenetrate

na koji sam u ovom istraživanju naišao,

was written by a great theorist and scientist

napisao je veliki teoretičar i naučnik po

named Douglas Hofstadter at the University of Indiana.

imenu Daglas Hofstader na Univerzitetu u Indijani.

He was married to a woman named Carol,

Bio je oženjen ženom po imenu Kerol

and they had a wonderful relationship.

i imali su predivan odnos.

When their kids were five and two,

Kada su im deca imala dve i pet godina,

Carol had a stroke and a brain tumor and died suddenly.

Kerol je imala moždani udar i tumor i naglo umrla.

And Hofstadter wrote a book

A Hofstader je napisao knjigu

called "I Am a Strange Loop."

pod nazivom "Ja sam neobična petlja".

In the course of that book, he describes a moment --

Na jednom mestu u knjizi on opisuje trenutak -

just months after Carol has died --

samo nekoliko meseci po njenoj smrti -

he comes across her picture on the mantel,

na polici nailazi na njenu sliku,

or on a bureau in his bedroom.

ili na noćnom stočiću u spavaćoj sobi.

And here's what he wrote:

Evo šta je napisao:

"I looked at her face,

"Gledao sam u njeno lice

and I looked so deeply

i tako sam duboko gledao

that I felt I was behind her eyes.

da sam osetio da gledam njenim očima.

And all at once I found myself saying

Odjednom sam zatekao sebe kako, dok su

as tears flowed,

suze tekle, govorim

'That's me. That's me.'

"To sam ja. To sam ja."

And those simple words

I te jednostavne reči su

brought back many thoughts that I had had before,

vratile mnoge misli od ranije,

about the fusion of our souls

o pripajanju naših duša

into one higher-level entity,

u jedno biće višeg nivoa,

about the fact that at the core of both our souls

o činjenici da se u srži naših obeju duša

lay our identical hopes and dreams for our children,

nalaze istovetne nade i snovi o našoj deci,

about the notion that those hopes

o saznanju da te nade

were not separate or distinct hopes,

nisu odvojene ili različite nade

but were just one hope,

nego samo jedna nada, jedna

one clear thing that defined us both,

jasna stvar koja nas je oboje definisala

that welded us into a unit --

i koja nas je spajala u jedinku -

the kind of unit I had but dimly imagined

jedinku koju nisam mogao ni da zamislim

before being married and having children.

dok se nisam oženio i dobio decu.

I realized that, though Carol had died,

Shvatio sam da, iako je Kerol umrla,

that core piece of her had not died at all,

taj suštinski deo nje nije uopšte umro

but had lived on very determinedly in my brain."

nego je veoma odlučno živeo u mom mozgu."

The Greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom.

Grci kažu da patnjom stižemo do mudrosti.

Through his suffering, Hofstadter understood

Kroz svoju patnju, Hofstader je razumeo

how deeply interpenetrated we are.

kako smo duboko povezani.

Through the policy failures of the last 30 years,

Kroz političke neuspehe u poslednjih 30 godina

we have come to acknowledge, I think,

smo, mislim, shvatili koliko

how shallow our view of human nature has been.

je plitko bilo naše shvatanje ljudske prirode.

And now as we confront that shallowness

I sada, kad se suočavamo sa tim

and the failures that derive from our inability

i sa neuspesima koji nastaju iz naše nesposobnosti

to get the depths of who we are,

da shvatimo dubine sopstvenog bića,

comes this revolution in consciousness --

nastaje ova revolucija svesti -

these people in so many fields

ti ljudi iz mnogih oblasti

exploring the depth of our nature

istražuju dubinu naše prirode

and coming away with this enchanted,

i otkrivaju ovaj očarani,

this new humanism.

ovaj novi humanizam.

And when Freud discovered his sense of the unconscious,

Kada je Frojd otkrio svoje shvatanje podsvesti,

it had a vast effect on the climate of the times.

to je imalo velikog uticaja na tadašnje vreme.

Now we are discovering a more accurate vision

Sada otkrivamo mnogo tačniju viziju

of the unconscious, of who we are deep inside,

podsvesti - i toga ko smo zapravo mi.

and it's going to have a wonderful and profound

A to će ostaviti izuzetan i dubok

and humanizing effect on our culture.

i humanizujući efekat na našu kulturu.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(aplauz)