David Brooks: The social animal

207,707 views ใƒป 2011-03-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sunphil Ga ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jireh Kang
00:15
When I got my current job, I was given a good piece of advice,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
which was to interview three politicians every day.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
And from that much contact with politicians,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด,
00:23
I can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๊ดด์งœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
They have what I called "logorrhea dementia,"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ฆ ์น˜๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:29
which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ •์‹  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:34
But what they do have is incredible social skills.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
When you meet them, they lock into you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์Ÿ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
they look you in the eye,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉฐ
00:41
they invade your personal space,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:43
they massage the back of your head.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋’ท ์ชฝ์„ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
I had dinner with a Republican senator several months ago
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›” ์ „ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์˜์›๊ณผ ์ €๋…์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:47
who kept his hand on my inner thigh
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์†์„
00:49
throughout the whole meal -- squeezing it.
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์ œ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ…์ง€ ์•ˆ ์ชฝ์— ์–น์–ด ๋†“๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฝ‰ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
I once -- this was years ago --
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:54
I saw Ted Kennedy and Dan Quayle meet in the well of the Senate.
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์ƒ์›์—์„œ ํ…Œ๋“œ ์ผ€๋„ค๋””์™€ ๋‹จ ํ€˜์ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And they were friends, and they hugged each other
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ํฌ์˜นํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:58
and they were laughing, and their faces were like this far apart.
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์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And they were moving and grinding
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชธ์„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
01:03
and moving their arms up and down each other.
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ํŒ”๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And I was like, "Get a room. I don't want to see this."
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"๋ฐฉ์„ ์žก์•„์š”, ์ด ๊ผด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”" ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
But they have those social skills.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Another case:
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Last election cycle,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—,
01:14
I was following Mitt Romney around New Hampshire,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธํŠธ ๋กฌ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…” ๊ณณ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons:
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ ์žก์„ ๋ฐ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ช…์˜ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์œ ์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip and Dip.
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๋น•, ์นฉ, ๋ฆฝ, ์ง‘, ๋ฆฝ, ๋”ฅ๊ณผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:23
And he's going into a diner.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งŒ์ฐฌ์— ์ฐธ์„์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And he goes into the diner, introduces himself to a family
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งŒ์ฐฌ์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
01:28
and says, "What village are you from in New Hampshire?"
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"๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…”์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
And then he describes the home he owned in their village.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
And so he goes around the room,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์ฐฌ์žฅ์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋Š”
01:37
and then as he's leaving the diner,
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๋งŒ์ฐฌ์žฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚ ์ฏค ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š”
01:39
he first-names almost everybody he's just met.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I was like, "Okay, that's social skill."
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์•ผ."๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
But the paradox is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์€,
01:46
when a lot of these people slip into the policy-making mode,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
01:50
that social awareness vanishes
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
01:52
and they start talking like accountants.
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ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So in the course of my career,
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์ €์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
01:56
I have covered a series of failures.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
We sent economists in the Soviet Union
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์†Œ๋ จ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:00
with privatization plans when it broke up,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™” ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and what they really lacked was social trust.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง„์งœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
We invaded Iraq with a military
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์ง€์•Š๊ณ 
02:07
oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities.
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๋ฌด๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
We had a financial regulatory regime
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
02:12
based on the assumptions
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋Š”
02:14
that traders were rational creatures
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๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:16
who wouldn't do anything stupid.
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์žฌ์ • ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
For 30 years, I've been covering school reform
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30๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๊ฐœํ˜์—๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and we've basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—Œ์žฅ, ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต, ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ต์œก ์ง€์› ์ฟ ํฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
02:24
charters, private schools, vouchers --
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ ์ธ ํ‹€๋“ค์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •๋น„ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
but we've had disappointing results year after year.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And the fact is, people learn from people they love.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And if you're not talking about the individual relationship
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๋งŒ์ผ ์„ ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
02:36
between a teacher and a student,
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๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:38
you're not talking about that reality.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:40
But that reality is expunged
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์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
02:42
from our policy-making process.
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๊ทธ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
And so that's led to a question for me:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Why are the most socially-attuned people on earth
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์™œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์‘๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:50
completely dehumanized
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์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด
02:52
when they think about policy?
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And I came to the conclusion,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
this is a symptom of a larger problem.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
That, for centuries, we've inherited a view of human nature
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์•„๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:03
based on the notion
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์ด์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:05
that we're divided selves,
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๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ
03:07
that reason is separated from the emotions
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ง€ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
and that society progresses
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์ด ์ •์—ด์„ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€
03:12
to the extent that reason can suppress the passions.
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
And it's led to a view of human nature
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ด€๋…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—
03:18
that we're rational individuals
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
03:20
who respond in straightforward ways to incentives,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
and it's led to ways of seeing the world
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์€
03:26
where people try to use the assumptions of physics
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:29
to measure how human behavior is.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And it's produced a great amputation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ณผ
03:36
a shallow view of human nature.
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ํ”ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
We're really good at talking about material things,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
03:41
but we're really bad at talking about emotions.
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๊ฐ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
We're really good at talking about skills
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
03:46
and safety and health;
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
03:48
we're really bad at talking about character.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œํˆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Alasdair MacIntyre, the famous philosopher,
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ์•Œ๋ผ์Šค๋Œ€์–ด ๋งจํ‚จํƒ€์ด์–ด๊ฐ€
03:54
said that, "We have the concepts of the ancient morality
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•, ๋ช…์˜ˆ, ์„ ํ•จ์˜
03:57
of virtue, honor, goodness,
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋„๋•๊ด€๋…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:59
but we no longer have a system
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
04:01
by which to connect them."
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:03
And so this has led to a shallow path in politics,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋…์€ ์ •์น˜๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:06
but also in a whole range of human endeavors.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์„ ์–‡ํŒํ•œ ํ–‰๋กœ๋กœ ์ด๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
You can see it in the way we raise our young kids.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
You go to an elementary school at three in the afternoon
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์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ์— ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
04:16
and you watch the kids come out,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
04:18
and they're wearing these 80-pound backpacks.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ 80ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฉ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
If the wind blows them over, they're like beetles stuck there on the ground.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‚ ๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋•…์œ„์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
You see these cars that drive up --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋ถ€, ์•„์šฐ๋””, ๋ณผ๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
04:27
usually it's Saabs and Audis and Volvos,
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์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
because in certain neighborhoods it's socially acceptable to have a luxury car,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์›ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
so long as it comes from a country hostile to U.S. foreign policy --
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๊ทธ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์˜จ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
04:36
that's fine.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
They get picked up by these creatures I've called uber-moms,
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์ด ์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์œ„ '์Šˆํผ ๋ง˜'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
who are highly successful career women
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:43
who have taken time off to make sure all their kids get into Harvard.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์— ์ž…ํ•™์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
And you can usually tell the uber-moms
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์„ ์Šˆํผ๋ง˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:48
because they actually weigh less than their own children.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:52
So at the moment of conception,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž„์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:54
they're doing little butt exercises.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Babies flop out,
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด,
04:58
they're flashing Mandarin flashcards at the things.
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์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Driving them home, and they want them to be enlightened,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„๋ชฝ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
so they take them to Ben & Jerry's ice cream company
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:06
with its own foreign policy.
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๋ฒค ์ œ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
In one of my books,
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์ œ ์ฑ…์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ
05:10
I joke that Ben & Jerry's should make a pacifist toothpaste --
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฒค&์ œ๋ฆฌํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์„ธ๊ท ์—๊ฒŒ ๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
05:12
doesn't kill germs, just asks them to leave.
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ํ‰ํ™”์  ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋†๋‹ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
It would be a big seller.
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์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํŒ”๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:18
And they go to Whole Foods to get their baby formula,
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์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์€ ์•„๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™€ ํ‘ธ๋“œ(์ž์—ฐ๋ฐ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์‹ํ’ˆ์ )์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
and Whole Foods is one of those progressive grocery stores
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ํ™€ํ‘ธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์ƒ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
where all the cashiers look like they're on loan from Amnesty International.
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ์›๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์œ„์›ํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:28
They buy these seaweed-based snacks there
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์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ€์ผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” '๋ฒ ์ง€ ๋ถ€ํ‹ฐ'๋ผ๋Š”
05:30
called Veggie Booty with Kale,
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ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋‚ต์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
which is for kids who come home and say,
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์ง‘์— ์™€์„œ, '์—„๋งˆ, ์—„๋งˆ, ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์„
05:34
"Mom, mom, I want a snack that'll help prevent colon-rectal cancer."
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๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”."๋ผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:39
And so the kids are raised in a certain way,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์œก๋˜์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
jumping through achievement hoops of the things we can measure --
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SAT์ค€๋น„, ์˜ค๋ณด์—, ์ถ•๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„
05:44
SAT prep, oboe, soccer practice.
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๋›ฐ์–ด์„œ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
They get into competitive colleges, they get good jobs,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€, ์ข‹์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์–ป๊ณ ,
05:50
and sometimes they make a success of themselves
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์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
in a superficial manner, and they make a ton of money.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
And sometimes you can see them at vacation places
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์žญ์Šจ ํ™€์ด๋‚˜, ์•„์ŠคํŽœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
05:57
like Jackson Hole or Aspen.
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And they've become elegant and slender --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•ด์„œ
06:01
they don't really have thighs;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ…์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ…์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:03
they just have one elegant calve on top of another.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ์œ„์— ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–น๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:08
They have kids of their own,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
06:10
and they've achieved a genetic miracle by marrying beautiful people,
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์ „์  ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
so their grandmoms look like Gertrude Stein,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐํŠธ๋ฃจ๋“œ ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
06:16
their daughters looks like Halle Berry -- I don't know how they've done that.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋”ธ๋“ค์€ ํ•  ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
They get there and they realize
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
06:22
it's fashionable now to have dogs a third as tall as your ceiling heights.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ฒœ์žฅ ๋†’์ด์˜ 1/3 ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:26
So they've got these furry 160-pound dogs --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒจ๋กœ์‹œ ๋žฉํ„ฐ(์œก์‹์„ฑ ๊ณต๋ฃก)์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด,
06:29
all look like velociraptors,
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ํ„ธ๋ณต์ˆญ์ด์˜ 160ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
all named after Jane Austen characters.
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ์ธ ์˜ค์Šคํ‹ด์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And then when they get old, they haven't really developed a philosophy of life,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค๋กœ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
06:38
but they've decided, "I've been successful at everything;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด
06:40
I'm just not going to die."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฃฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
And so they hire personal trainers;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:45
they're popping Cialis like breath mints.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์ฒญ์ •์šฉ ๋ฏผํŠธ๋จน๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์Šค(์ •๋ ฅ์ œ)๋ฅผ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
You see them on the mountains up there.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฐ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
They're cross-country skiing up the mountain
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋กœ์Šค ์ปจ์ถ”๋ฆฌ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
with these grim expressions
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๋”• ์ฒด๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋ฆฌ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
06:53
that make Dick Cheney look like Jerry Lewis.
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ํ—˜์ƒ๊ถ‚์€ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:57
And as they whiz by you,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด
06:59
it's like being passed by a little iron Raisinet
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ๋•์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ฒ ๋กœ๋œ Raisinet(์ดˆ์ฝ” ๊ฑดํฌ๋„)์ด
07:01
going up the hill.
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์Šค์ณ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:05
And so this is part of what life is,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:08
but it's not all of what life is.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ถ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
And over the past few years,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„
07:13
I think we've been given a deeper view of human nature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€
07:17
and a deeper view of who we are.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
And it's not based on theology or philosophy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:21
it's in the study of the mind,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž
07:23
across all these spheres of research,
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ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž, ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™๊นŒ์ง€
07:25
from neuroscience to the cognitive scientists,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š”
07:27
behavioral economists, psychologists,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†์—
07:29
sociology,
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
we're developing a revolution in consciousness.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์‹์†์—์„œ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
And when you synthesize it all,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ,
07:36
it's giving us a new view of human nature.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
And far from being a coldly materialistic view of nature,
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๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
07:41
it's a new humanism, it's a new enchantment.
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And I think when you synthesize this research,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ,
07:46
you start with three key insights.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
The first insight is
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€
07:50
that while the conscious mind writes the autobiography of our species,
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์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
07:53
the unconscious mind does most of the work.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
And so one way to formulate that is
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€,
07:59
the human mind can take in millions of pieces of information a minute,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ 1 ๋ถ„์— ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:02
of which it can be consciously aware of about 40.
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์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 40๊ฐœ์ •๋„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
And this leads to oddities.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์ฃ .
08:07
One of my favorite is that people named Dennis
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:09
are disproportionately likely to become dentists,
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๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:12
people named Lawrence become lawyers,
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๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค๋ผ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:14
because unconsciously we gravitate toward things
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ์— ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์—
08:16
that sound familiar,
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๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:18
which is why I named my daughter President of the United States Brooks.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๋”ธ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋ธŒ๋ฃฉ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:24
Another finding is that the unconscious,
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์€
08:27
far from being dumb and sexualized,
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒํผ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:29
is actually quite smart.
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์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
So one of the most cognitively demanding things we do is buy furniture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์‹œ์ ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
It's really hard to imagine a sofa, how it's going to look in your house.
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์ง‘์—์„œ์˜ ์†ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And the way you should do that
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:39
is study the furniture,
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:41
let it marinate in your mind, distract yourself,
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๋งˆ์Œ์— ์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
08:43
and then a few days later, go with your gut,
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๋ช‡ ์ผ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜, ์ง๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:45
because unconsciously you've figured it out.
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๋ฌด์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
The second insight
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€
08:49
is that emotions are at the center of our thinking.
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๊ฐ์ •์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
People with strokes and lesions
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹น๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
08:54
in the emotion-processing parts of the brain
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
08:56
are not super smart,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:58
they're actually sometimes quite helpless.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Ÿญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
And the "giant" in the field is in the room tonight
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์˜ค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ณณ์—
09:02
and is speaking tomorrow morning -- Antonio Damasio.
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์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ, ๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And one of the things he's really shown us
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:07
is that emotions are not separate from reason,
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๊ฐ์ •์ด ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:10
but they are the foundation of reason
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๊ฐ์ •์€ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
because they tell us what to value.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
And so reading and educating your emotions
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:16
is one of the central activities of wisdom.
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์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
Now I'm a middle-aged guy.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
I'm not exactly comfortable with emotions.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์— ์•„์ฃผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
One of my favorite brain stories described these middle-aged guys.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
They put them into a brain scan machine --
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋‡Œ ์Šค์บ” ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
this is apocryphal by the way, but I don't care --
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข€์œผ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„
09:32
and they had them watch a horror movie,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํฌ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋’ค์—
09:35
and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives.
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์•„๋‚ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And the brain scans were identical in both activities.
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๋‡Œ ์Šค์บ”์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
It was just sheer terror.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
So me talking about emotion
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:46
is like Gandhi talking about gluttony,
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๊ฐ„๋””๊ฐ€ ํญ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
but it is the central organizing process
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜
09:50
of the way we think.
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์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
It tells us what to imprint.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
The brain is the record of the feelings of a life.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ๊ธฐ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And the third insight
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€
09:58
is that we're not primarily self-contained individuals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‹ด์•„๋‘๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
We're social animals, not rational animals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
We emerge out of relationships,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ ,
10:07
and we are deeply interpenetrated, one with another.
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And so when we see another person,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
10:12
we reenact in our own minds
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒƒ์„
10:14
what we see in their minds.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์—์„œ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
When we watch a car chase in a movie,
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์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์ฐจ ์ถ”๊ฒฉ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
10:18
it's almost as if we are subtly having a car chase.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ ์ถ”๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
When we watch pornography,
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ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
10:23
it's a little like having sex,
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
though probably not as good.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข‹์น˜๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
10:27
And we see this when lovers walk down the street,
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์—ฐ์ธ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
10:30
when a crowd in Egypt or Tunisia
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ˜น์€ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€ ๊ตฐ์ค‘์ด
10:32
gets caught up in an emotional contagion,
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๊ฐ์ •์  ์ „์—ผ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜”์„ ๋•Œ
10:34
the deep interpenetration.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And this revolution in who we are
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์ด ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
10:39
gives us a different way of seeing, I think, politics,
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์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ 
10:42
a different way, most importantly,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:44
of seeing human capital.
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์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
We are now children of the French Enlightenment.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ž์†๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
We believe that reason is the highest of the faculties.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ž์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
But I think this research shows
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
10:55
that the British Enlightenment, or the Scottish Enlightenment,
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ํ„, ์•„๋‹ด ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ ์˜๊ตญ, ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€
10:57
with David Hume, Adam Smith,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กด์žฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
10:59
actually had a better handle on who we are --
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
that reason is often weak, our sentiments are strong,
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์ด์„ฑ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:05
and our sentiments are often trustworthy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ข…์ข… ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And this work corrects that bias in our culture,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์†์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ
11:11
that dehumanizing bias.
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๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
It gives us a deeper sense
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
11:15
of what it actually takes
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:17
for us to thrive in this life.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊นŠ์€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
When we think about human capital
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
11:21
we think about the things we can measure easily --
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
11:24
things like grades, SAT's, degrees,
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์„ฑ์ , SAT, ํ•™์œ„,
11:27
the number of years in schooling.
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๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋ˆ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธด์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
What it really takes to do well, to lead a meaningful life,
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์ž˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
11:32
are things that are deeper,
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์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
11:34
things we don't really even have words for.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
And so let me list just a couple of the things
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
I think this research points us toward trying to understand.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
The first gift, or talent, is mindsight --
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
the ability to enter into other people's minds
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
11:50
and learn what they have to offer.
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์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Babies come with this ability.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Meltzoff, who's at the University of Washington,
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋ฉœํŠธ์กฐํ”„๋Š”
11:56
leaned over a baby who was 43 minutes old.
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์ƒํ›„ 43๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
He wagged his tongue at the baby.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜€๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
The baby wagged her tongue back.
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์•„์ด๋„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜€๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:04
Babies are born to interpenetrate into Mom's mind
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•ด์„œ
12:07
and to download what they find --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„
12:09
their models of how to understand reality.
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๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
In the United States, 55 percent of babies
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 55%์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
12:14
have a deep two-way conversation with Mom
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์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ
12:16
and they learn models to how to relate to other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
And those people who have models of how to relate
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
12:21
have a huge head start in life.
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์‚ถ์—์„œ ์•ž์„  ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Scientists at the University of Minnesota did a study
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๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
12:25
in which they could predict
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์ƒํ›„ 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜
12:27
with 77 percent accuracy, at age 18 months,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์„
12:30
who was going to graduate from high school,
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77%์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
12:32
based on who had good attachment with mom.
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์—„๋งˆ์™€์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:35
Twenty percent of kids do not have those relationships.
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20%์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:38
They are what we call avoidantly attached.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํšŒํ”ผ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
They have trouble relating to other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:42
They go through life
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งž๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”
12:44
like sailboats tacking into the wind --
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๋ฒ”์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
12:46
wanting to get close to people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:48
but not really having the models of how to do that.
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์‹ค์ƒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:51
And so this is one skill
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ์„œ๋กœ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š”
12:53
of how to hoover up knowledge, one from another.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
A second skill is equipoise,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
the ability to have the serenity
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š”
13:00
to read the biases and failures in your own mind.
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ํ‰์˜จํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
So for example, we are overconfidence machines.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋งŒ์‹ฌ์— ๋น ์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€๊ฐ™์ฃ .
13:06
Ninety-five percent of our professors report
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95%์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€
13:09
that they are above-average teachers.
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
Ninety-six percent of college students
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96%์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
13:13
say they have above-average social skills.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Time magazine asked Americans, "Are you in the top one percent of earners?"
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ํƒ€์ž„ ์žก์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ƒ์œ„ 1% ์†Œ๋“์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
13:19
Nineteen percent of Americans are in the top one percent of earners.
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19%์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์œ„ 1%์†Œ๋“์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:24
This is a gender-linked trait, by the way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
Men drown at twice the rate of women,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‘๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ต์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:28
because men think they can swim across that lake.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
But some people have the ability and awareness
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ, ๊ณผ์‹ ์„
13:34
of their own biases, their own overconfidence.
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์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
They have epistemological modesty.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒธ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
They are open-minded in the face of ambiguity.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
They are able to adjust strength of the conclusions
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
13:44
to the strength of their evidence.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค/
13:46
They are curious.
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:48
And these traits are often unrelated and uncorrelated with IQ.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์€ IQ์™€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
The third trait is metis,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
what we might call street smarts -- it's a Greek word.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด ์ธ๋ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
13:56
It's a sensitivity to the physical environment,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์ด๋ฉฐ
13:58
the ability to pick out patterns in an environment --
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฆ‰, ์š”์ ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”
14:00
derive a gist.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
One of my colleagues at the Times
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ํƒ€์ž„์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š”
14:04
did a great story about soldiers in Iraq
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์ด๋ผํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:06
who could look down a street and detect somehow
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IED(ํญ๋ฐœ๋ฌผ) ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”
14:09
whether there was an IED, a landmine, in the street.
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๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
They couldn't tell you how they did it,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:13
but they could feel cold, they felt a coldness,
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๋ƒ‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:16
and they were more often right than wrong.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง๊ฐ์€ ๊ฝค ์ž˜ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
14:19
The third is what you might call sympathy,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
the ability to work within groups.
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๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ .
14:24
And that comes in tremendously handy,
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์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ๋ฐ,
14:27
because groups are smarter than individuals.
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
14:29
And face-to-face groups are much smarter
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์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ „์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:31
than groups that communicate electronically,
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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:34
because 90 percent of our communication is non-verbal.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 90%์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ด ๋น„์–ธ์–ด์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
And the effectiveness of a group
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๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์˜ IQ์— ์˜ํ•ด
14:39
is not determined by the IQ of the group;
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๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:42
it's determined by how well they communicate,
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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์˜์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋นˆ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด
14:45
how often they take turns in conversation.
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๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
Then you could talk about a trait like blending.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:51
Any child can say, "I'm a tiger," pretend to be a tiger.
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด ํ‰๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด๋‹ค" ๋ผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:54
It seems so elementary.
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:56
But in fact, it's phenomenally complicated
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋‚˜"์™€ "ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„
14:58
to take a concept "I" and a concept "tiger"
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
15:00
and blend them together.
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์ •๋ง ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
But this is the source of innovation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
What Picasso did, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์€
15:06
was take the concept "Western art"
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์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ
15:08
and the concept "African masks"
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
15:10
and blend them together --
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๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:12
not only the geometry,
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๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”
15:14
but the moral systems entailed in them.
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๋„๋•์  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
And these are skills, again, we can't count and measure.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
And then the final thing I'll mention
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:20
is something you might call limerence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค(๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
And this is not an ability;
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์ด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
15:24
it's a drive and a motivation.
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์ถฉ๋™๊ณผ ๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
The conscious mind hungers for success and prestige.
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์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ผํ•˜์ฃ .
15:30
The unconscious mind hungers
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๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์€
15:32
for those moments of transcendence,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์— ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ผ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
when the skull line disappears
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ขŒ๋‡Œ ์šฐ๋‡Œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
15:36
and we are lost in a challenge or a task --
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๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ,
15:39
when a craftsman feels lost in his craft,
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์žฅ์ธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ๋•Œ,
15:42
when a naturalist feels at one with nature,
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์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„๋•Œ,
15:45
when a believer feels at one with God's love.
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์‹ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
That is what the unconscious mind hungers for.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
And many of us feel it in love
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ
15:53
when lovers feel fused.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
And one of the most beautiful descriptions
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๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์˜ ๊ด€ํ•œ
15:57
I've come across in this research
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ
16:00
of how minds interpenetrate
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
16:02
was written by a great theorist and scientist
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ
16:04
named Douglas Hofstadter at the University of Indiana.
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์ธ๋””์•„๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ํ˜ธํ”„์Šคํ…Œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
He was married to a woman named Carol,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ๋กค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•ด์„œ,
16:09
and they had a wonderful relationship.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
When their kids were five and two,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ 5์‚ด๊ณผ 2์‚ด ๋•Œ,
16:13
Carol had a stroke and a brain tumor and died suddenly.
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๋ถ€์ธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
And Hofstadter wrote a book
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฃจํ”„"๋ผ๋Š”
16:19
called "I Am a Strange Loop."
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์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
In the course of that book, he describes a moment --
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์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ๋กค์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
16:23
just months after Carol has died --
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๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
he comes across her picture on the mantel,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ๋‚œ๋กœ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
16:28
or on a bureau in his bedroom.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
And here's what he wrote:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
"I looked at her face,
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"๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ ,
16:34
and I looked so deeply
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์œ ์‹ฌํžˆ ๋ณด์•˜๋”๋‹ˆ
16:36
that I felt I was behind her eyes.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ˆˆ ๋’ค์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
And all at once I found myself saying
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
16:40
as tears flowed,
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"๋‚˜์•ผ, ๋‚˜์•ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ 
16:42
'That's me. That's me.'
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
16:44
And those simple words
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์ด ์งง์€ ๋ง์€
16:46
brought back many thoughts that I had had before,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
about the fusion of our souls
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋ณธ์งˆ๋กœ
16:50
into one higher-level entity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ,
16:52
about the fact that at the core of both our souls
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ์ด
16:55
lay our identical hopes and dreams for our children,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ,
16:59
about the notion that those hopes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์ง€์•Š์€
17:01
were not separate or distinct hopes,
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ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
but were just one hope,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฌ๋ง, ์ฆ‰
17:05
one clear thing that defined us both,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:07
that welded us into a unit --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:09
the kind of unit I had but dimly imagined
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
17:12
before being married and having children.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
I realized that, though Carol had died,
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์บ๋กค์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋‚œํ›„ ์ €๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
17:17
that core piece of her had not died at all,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
17:20
but had lived on very determinedly in my brain."
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์ €์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ด์•„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:24
The Greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom.
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"์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์†๋‹ด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
Through his suffering, Hofstadter understood
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๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ธํ”„์Šคํƒœํ„ฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜
17:29
how deeply interpenetrated we are.
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๊นŠํžˆ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
Through the policy failures of the last 30 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ์ •์ฑ… ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด,
17:35
we have come to acknowledge, I think,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์ด
17:38
how shallow our view of human nature has been.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ”ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
And now as we confront that shallowness
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ํ”ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
17:44
and the failures that derive from our inability
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
17:46
to get the depths of who we are,
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๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ๋Š”
17:48
comes this revolution in consciousness --
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์˜์‹์†์—์„œ ์ด ํ˜๋ช…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
17:50
these people in so many fields
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
17:53
exploring the depth of our nature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
17:55
and coming away with this enchanted,
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๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
17:57
this new humanism.
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ํ”ผ์–ด์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
And when Freud discovered his sense of the unconscious,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
18:01
it had a vast effect on the climate of the times.
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๋‹น์‹œ ํ’์กฐ์— ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
Now we are discovering a more accurate vision
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”
18:07
of the unconscious, of who we are deep inside,
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๋ฌด์˜์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ข€๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
and it's going to have a wonderful and profound
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
18:12
and humanizing effect on our culture.
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๊นŠ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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